[systemd-commits] 5 commits - Makefile.am src/cryptsetup src/fsck src/libsystemd src/libudev src/network src/systemd

Tom Gundersen tomegun at kemper.freedesktop.org
Wed Apr 1 16:09:31 PDT 2015


 Makefile.am                                |   42 
 src/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.c                |   20 
 src/fsck/fsck.c                            |   35 
 src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-internal.h |  125 ++
 src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.c  | 1101 +++++++++++++++++
 src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.h  |   63 +
 src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-util.h     |   48 
 src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c       | 1812 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/libudev/libudev-device-internal.h      |   62 
 src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c       |  511 +++++---
 src/libudev/libudev-device.c               | 1808 +++++-----------------------
 src/network/networkctl.c                   |   56 
 src/systemd/sd-device.h                    |   77 +
 13 files changed, 4059 insertions(+), 1701 deletions(-)

New commits:
commit f4ac4d1a82e2c468761fffa333323841ad886221
Author: Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
Date:   Wed Apr 1 13:55:20 2015 +0200

    libudev: device - replace by a thin wrapper around sd-device

diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 9509247..1b64b62 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -2144,6 +2144,7 @@ systemd_shutdown_SOURCES = \
 systemd_shutdown_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2345,6 +2346,7 @@ systemd_fsck_SOURCES = \
 systemd_fsck_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2380,6 +2382,7 @@ systemd_ac_power_SOURCES = \
 
 systemd_ac_power_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2651,8 +2654,8 @@ systemd_gpt_auto_generator_SOURCES = \
 
 systemd_gpt_auto_generator_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
-	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la \
 	$(BLKID_LIBS)
 
@@ -2804,8 +2807,8 @@ systemd_nspawn_CFLAGS = \
 
 systemd_nspawn_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
-	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la \
 	$(BLKID_LIBS)
 
@@ -3618,10 +3621,12 @@ lib_LTLIBRARIES += \
 libudev_la_SOURCES =\
 	src/libudev/libudev.sym \
 	src/libudev/libudev-private.h \
+	src/libudev/libudev-device-internal.h \
 	src/libudev/libudev.c \
 	src/libudev/libudev-list.c \
 	src/libudev/libudev-util.c \
 	src/libudev/libudev-device.c \
+	src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c \
 	src/libudev/libudev-enumerate.c \
 	src/libudev/libudev-monitor.c \
 	src/libudev/libudev-queue.c \
@@ -3673,8 +3678,7 @@ noinst_LTLIBRARIES += \
 	libudev-internal.la
 
 libudev_internal_la_SOURCES =\
-	$(libudev_la_SOURCES) \
-	src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c
+	$(libudev_la_SOURCES)
 
 libudev_internal_la_CFLAGS = \
 	$(AM_CFLAGS) \
@@ -3859,9 +3863,9 @@ systemd_hwdb_SOURCES = \
 	src/hwdb/hwdb.c
 
 systemd_hwdb_LDADD = \
+	libudev-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la \
-	libsystemd-internal.la \
-	libudev-internal.la
+	libsystemd-internal.la
 
 rootbin_PROGRAMS += \
 	systemd-hwdb
@@ -3971,6 +3975,7 @@ ata_id_SOURCES = \
 
 ata_id_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS += \
@@ -3982,6 +3987,7 @@ cdrom_id_SOURCES = \
 
 cdrom_id_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS += \
@@ -3996,6 +4002,7 @@ collect_SOURCES = \
 
 collect_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS += \
@@ -4010,6 +4017,7 @@ scsi_id_SOURCES =\
 
 scsi_id_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS += \
@@ -4024,6 +4032,7 @@ v4l_id_SOURCES = \
 
 v4l_id_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS += \
@@ -4038,6 +4047,7 @@ accelerometer_SOURCES = \
 
 accelerometer_LDADD = \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS += \
@@ -4937,6 +4947,7 @@ systemd_backlight_SOURCES = \
 systemd_backlight_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 endif
 
@@ -4957,6 +4968,7 @@ systemd_rfkill_SOURCES = \
 systemd_rfkill_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 endif
 
@@ -4985,6 +4997,7 @@ systemd_cryptsetup_CFLAGS = \
 systemd_cryptsetup_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la \
 	$(LIBCRYPTSETUP_LIBS)
 
@@ -5280,8 +5293,8 @@ libsystemd_machine_core_la_SOURCES = \
 
 libsystemd_machine_core_la_LIBADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
-	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 noinst_LTLIBRARIES += \
@@ -5797,8 +5810,8 @@ networkctl_SOURCES = \
 	src/network/networkctl.c
 
 networkctl_LDADD = \
-	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la \
 	libsystemd-network.la
 
@@ -5905,8 +5918,8 @@ libsystemd_logind_core_la_SOURCES = \
 
 libsystemd_logind_core_la_LIBADD = \
 	libsystemd-label.la \
-	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libudev-internal.la \
+	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 if HAVE_ACL
@@ -5929,10 +5942,10 @@ loginctl_SOURCES = \
 	src/login/sysfs-show.c
 
 loginctl_LDADD = \
+	libudev-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-logs.la \
 	libsystemd-journal-internal.la \
-	libudev-internal.la \
 	libsystemd-shared.la
 
 rootbin_PROGRAMS += \
diff --git a/src/libudev/libudev-device-internal.h b/src/libudev/libudev-device-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18ae7a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libudev/libudev-device-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2015 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "libudev.h"
+#include "sd-device.h"
+
+/**
+ * udev_device:
+ *
+ * Opaque object representing one kernel sys device.
+ */
+struct udev_device {
+        struct udev *udev;
+
+        /* real device object */
+        sd_device *device;
+
+        /* legacy */
+        int refcount;
+
+        struct udev_device *parent;
+        bool parent_set;
+
+        struct udev_list properties;
+        uint64_t properties_generation;
+        struct udev_list tags;
+        uint64_t tags_generation;
+        struct udev_list devlinks;
+        uint64_t devlinks_generation;
+        struct udev_list sysattrs;
+        bool sysattrs_read;
+};
+
+struct udev_device *udev_device_new(struct udev *udev);
+
+#define assert_return_errno(expr, r, err)                               \
+        do {                                                            \
+                if (_unlikely_(!(expr))) {                              \
+                        log_assert_failed_return(#expr, __FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__); \
+                        errno = err;                                    \
+                        return (r);                                     \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
diff --git a/src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c b/src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c
index e590288..bb4d7e6 100644
--- a/src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c
+++ b/src/libudev/libudev-device-private.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   This file is part of systemd.
 
   Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2015 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
 
   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -17,172 +18,392 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
 #include "libudev.h"
 #include "libudev-private.h"
+#include "libudev-device-internal.h"
+
+#include "device-private.h"
+
+int udev_device_tag_index(struct udev_device *udev_device, struct udev_device *udev_device_old, bool add) {
+        sd_device *device_old = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        if (udev_device_old)
+                device_old = udev_device_old->device;
+
+        r = device_tag_index(udev_device->device, device_old, add);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int udev_device_update_db(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_update_db(udev_device->device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int udev_device_delete_db(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_delete_db(udev_device->device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int udev_device_get_ifindex(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        int r, ifindex;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_ifindex(udev_device->device, &ifindex);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ifindex;
+}
+
+const char *udev_device_get_devpath_old(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        const char *devpath_old = NULL;
+        int r;
 
-static void udev_device_tag(struct udev_device *dev, const char *tag, bool add)
-{
-        const char *id;
-        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-        id = udev_device_get_id_filename(dev);
-        if (id == NULL)
-                return;
-        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/run/udev/tags/", tag, "/", id, NULL);
-
-        if (add) {
-                int fd;
-
-                mkdir_parents(filename, 0755);
-                fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0444);
-                if (fd >= 0)
-                        close(fd);
-        } else {
-                unlink(filename);
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_property_value(udev_device->device, "DEVPATH_OLD", &devpath_old);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
         }
+
+        return devpath_old;
 }
 
-int udev_device_tag_index(struct udev_device *dev, struct udev_device *dev_old, bool add)
-{
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-        bool found;
-
-        if (add && dev_old != NULL) {
-                /* delete possible left-over tags */
-                udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(dev_old)) {
-                        const char *tag_old = udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry);
-                        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry_current;
-
-                        found = false;
-                        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry_current, udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(dev)) {
-                                const char *tag = udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry_current);
-
-                                if (streq(tag, tag_old)) {
-                                        found = true;
-                                        break;
-                                }
-                        }
-                        if (!found)
-                                udev_device_tag(dev_old, tag_old, false);
-                }
+mode_t udev_device_get_devnode_mode(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        mode_t mode;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_devnode_mode(udev_device->device, &mode);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return 0;
         }
 
-        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(dev))
-                udev_device_tag(dev, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), add);
+        return mode;
+}
 
-        return 0;
+uid_t udev_device_get_devnode_uid(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        uid_t uid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_devnode_uid(udev_device->device, &uid);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return uid;
 }
 
-static bool device_has_info(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-        if (udev_device_get_devlinks_list_entry(udev_device) != NULL)
-                return true;
-        if (udev_device_get_devlink_priority(udev_device) != 0)
-                return true;
-        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(udev_device))
-                if (udev_list_entry_get_num(list_entry))
-                        return true;
-        if (udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(udev_device) != NULL)
-                return true;
-        if (udev_device_get_watch_handle(udev_device) >= 0)
-                return true;
-        return false;
-}
-
-int udev_device_update_db(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        bool has_info;
-        const char *id;
-        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        char filename_tmp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        FILE *f;
-        int r;
-
-        id = udev_device_get_id_filename(udev_device);
-        if (id == NULL)
-                return -1;
-
-        has_info = device_has_info(udev_device);
-        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/run/udev/data/", id, NULL);
-
-        /* do not store anything for otherwise empty devices */
-        if (!has_info &&
-            major(udev_device_get_devnum(udev_device)) == 0 &&
-            udev_device_get_ifindex(udev_device) == 0) {
-                unlink(filename);
+gid_t udev_device_get_devnode_gid(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        gid_t gid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_devnode_gid(udev_device->device, &gid);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return 0;
         }
 
-        /* write a database file */
-        strscpyl(filename_tmp, sizeof(filename_tmp), filename, ".tmp", NULL);
-        mkdir_parents(filename_tmp, 0755);
-        f = fopen(filename_tmp, "we");
-        if (f == NULL)
-                return log_debug_errno(errno, "unable to create temporary db file '%s': %m", filename_tmp);
-
-        /*
-         * set 'sticky' bit to indicate that we should not clean the
-         * database when we transition from initramfs to the real root
-         */
-        if (udev_device_get_db_persist(udev_device))
-                fchmod(fileno(f), 01644);
-
-        if (has_info) {
-                struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-                if (major(udev_device_get_devnum(udev_device)) > 0) {
-                        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_devlinks_list_entry(udev_device))
-                                fprintf(f, "S:%s\n", udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry) + strlen("/dev/"));
-                        if (udev_device_get_devlink_priority(udev_device) != 0)
-                                fprintf(f, "L:%i\n", udev_device_get_devlink_priority(udev_device));
-                        if (udev_device_get_watch_handle(udev_device) >= 0)
-                                fprintf(f, "W:%i\n", udev_device_get_watch_handle(udev_device));
-                }
-
-                if (udev_device_get_usec_initialized(udev_device) > 0)
-                        fprintf(f, "I:"USEC_FMT"\n", udev_device_get_usec_initialized(udev_device));
-
-                udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(udev_device)) {
-                        if (!udev_list_entry_get_num(list_entry))
-                                continue;
-                        fprintf(f, "E:%s=%s\n",
-                                udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry),
-                                udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry));
-                }
-
-                udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(udev_device))
-                        fprintf(f, "G:%s\n", udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry));
+        return gid;
+}
+
+void udev_device_ensure_usec_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device, struct udev_device *udev_device_old) {
+        sd_device *device_old = NULL;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        if (udev_device_old)
+                device_old = udev_device_old->device;
+
+        device_ensure_usec_initialized(udev_device->device, device_old);
+}
+
+char **udev_device_get_properties_envp(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        char **envp;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_properties_strv(udev_device->device, &envp);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
         }
 
-        fclose(f);
-        r = rename(filename_tmp, filename);
+        return envp;
+}
+
+ssize_t udev_device_get_properties_monitor_buf(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char **buf) {
+        const char *nulstr;
+        size_t len;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+        assert(buf);
+
+        r = device_get_properties_nulstr(udev_device->device, (const uint8_t **)&nulstr, &len);
         if (r < 0)
-                return -1;
-        log_debug("created %s file '%s' for '%s'", has_info ? "db" : "empty",
-             filename, udev_device_get_devpath(udev_device));
+                return r;
+
+        *buf = nulstr;
+
+        return len;
+}
+
+int udev_device_get_devlink_priority(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        int priority, r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_devlink_priority(udev_device->device, &priority);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return priority;
+}
+
+int udev_device_get_watch_handle(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        int handle, r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_watch_handle(udev_device->device, &handle);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return handle;
+}
+
+void udev_device_set_is_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_set_is_initialized(udev_device->device);
+}
+
+int udev_device_rename(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *name) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_rename(udev_device->device, name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         return 0;
 }
 
-int udev_device_delete_db(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        const char *id;
-        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+struct udev_device *udev_device_shallow_clone(struct udev_device *old_device) {
+        struct udev_device *device;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(old_device);
+
+        device = udev_device_new(old_device->udev);
+        if (!device)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = device_shallow_clone(old_device->device, &device->device);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                udev_device_unref(device);
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return device;
+}
+
+struct udev_device *udev_device_clone_with_db(struct udev_device *udev_device_old) {
+        struct udev_device *udev_device;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device_old);
+
+        udev_device = udev_device_new(udev_device_old->udev);
+        if (!udev_device)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = device_clone_with_db(udev_device_old->device, &udev_device->device);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                udev_device_unref(udev_device);
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return udev_device;
+}
+
+struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_nulstr(struct udev *udev, char *nulstr, ssize_t buflen) {
+        struct udev_device *device;
+        int r;
+
+        device = udev_device_new(udev);
+        if (!device)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = device_new_from_nulstr(&device->device, (uint8_t*)nulstr, buflen);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                udev_device_unref(device);
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return device;
+}
+
+struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_synthetic_event(struct udev *udev, const char *syspath, const char *action) {
+        struct udev_device *device;
+        int r;
+
+        device = udev_device_new(udev);
+        if (!device)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = device_new_from_synthetic_event(&device->device, syspath, action);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                udev_device_unref(device);
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return device;
+}
+
+int udev_device_copy_properties(struct udev_device *udev_device_dst, struct udev_device *udev_device_src) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device_dst);
+        assert(udev_device_src);
+
+        r = device_copy_properties(udev_device_dst->device, udev_device_src->device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+const char *udev_device_get_id_filename(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        const char *filename;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_get_id_filename(udev_device->device, &filename);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return filename;
+}
+
+int udev_device_set_watch_handle(struct udev_device *udev_device, int handle) {
 
-        id = udev_device_get_id_filename(udev_device);
-        if (id == NULL)
-                return -1;
-        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/run/udev/data/", id, NULL);
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_set_watch_handle(udev_device->device, handle);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void udev_device_set_db_persist(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_set_db_persist(udev_device->device);
+}
+
+int udev_device_set_devlink_priority(struct udev_device *udev_device, int priority) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_set_devlink_priority(udev_device->device, priority);
 
-        unlink(filename);
         return 0;
 }
+
+int udev_device_add_devlink(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *devlink) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_add_devlink(udev_device->device, devlink);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int udev_device_add_property(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *property, const char *value) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_add_property(udev_device->device, property, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int udev_device_add_tag(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *tag) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        r = device_add_tag(udev_device->device, tag);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void udev_device_remove_tag(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *tag) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_remove_tag(udev_device->device, tag);
+}
+
+void udev_device_cleanup_tags_list(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_cleanup_tags(udev_device->device);
+}
+
+void udev_device_cleanup_devlinks_list(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_cleanup_devlinks(udev_device->device);
+}
+
+void udev_device_set_info_loaded(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        assert(udev_device);
+
+        device_seal(udev_device->device);
+}
diff --git a/src/libudev/libudev-device.c b/src/libudev/libudev-device.c
index d510b47..a55cd25 100644
--- a/src/libudev/libudev-device.c
+++ b/src/libudev/libudev-device.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   This file is part of systemd.
 
   Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2015 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
 
   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -33,13 +34,13 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <linux/sockios.h>
 
+#include "sd-device.h"
+#include "device-util.h"
+#include "device-private.h"
+
 #include "libudev.h"
 #include "libudev-private.h"
-
-static int udev_device_read_uevent_file(struct udev_device *udev_device);
-static int udev_device_read_db(struct udev_device *udev_device);
-static int udev_device_set_devnode(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *devnode);
-static struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_add_property_internal(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *key, const char *value);
+#include "libudev-device-internal.h"
 
 /**
  * SECTION:libudev-device
@@ -52,59 +53,6 @@ static struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_add_property_internal(struct udev_dev
  */
 
 /**
- * udev_device:
- *
- * Opaque object representing one kernel sys device.
- */
-struct udev_device {
-        struct udev *udev;
-        struct udev_device *parent_device;
-        char *syspath;
-        const char *devpath;
-        char *sysname;
-        const char *sysnum;
-        char *devnode;
-        mode_t devnode_mode;
-        uid_t devnode_uid;
-        gid_t devnode_gid;
-        char *subsystem;
-        char *devtype;
-        char *driver;
-        char *action;
-        char *devpath_old;
-        char *id_filename;
-        char **envp;
-        char *monitor_buf;
-        size_t monitor_buf_len;
-        struct udev_list devlinks_list;
-        struct udev_list properties_list;
-        struct udev_list sysattr_value_list;
-        struct udev_list sysattr_list;
-        struct udev_list tags_list;
-        unsigned long long int seqnum;
-        usec_t usec_initialized;
-        int devlink_priority;
-        int refcount;
-        dev_t devnum;
-        int ifindex;
-        int watch_handle;
-        int maj, min;
-        bool parent_set;
-        bool subsystem_set;
-        bool devtype_set;
-        bool devlinks_uptodate;
-        bool envp_uptodate;
-        bool tags_uptodate;
-        bool driver_set;
-        bool info_loaded;
-        bool db_loaded;
-        bool uevent_loaded;
-        bool is_initialized;
-        bool sysattr_list_read;
-        bool db_persist;
-};
-
-/**
  * udev_device_get_seqnum:
  * @udev_device: udev device
  *
@@ -115,36 +63,27 @@ struct udev_device {
  **/
 _public_ unsigned long long int udev_device_get_seqnum(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return 0;
-        return udev_device->seqnum;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_seqnum(struct udev_device *udev_device, unsigned long long int seqnum)
-{
-        char num[32];
+        const char *seqnum;
+        unsigned long long ret;
+        int r;
 
-        udev_device->seqnum = seqnum;
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%llu", seqnum);
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "SEQNUM", num);
-        return 0;
-}
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, 0, EINVAL);
 
-int udev_device_get_ifindex(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->ifindex;
-}
+        r = sd_device_get_property_value(udev_device->device, "SEQNUM", &seqnum);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        else if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return 0;
+        }
 
-static int udev_device_set_ifindex(struct udev_device *udev_device, int ifindex)
-{
-        char num[32];
+        r = safe_atollu(seqnum, &ret);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return 0;
+        }
 
-        udev_device->ifindex = ifindex;
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", ifindex);
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "IFINDEX", num);
-        return 0;
+        return ret;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -157,45 +96,18 @@ static int udev_device_set_ifindex(struct udev_device *udev_device, int ifindex)
  **/
 _public_ dev_t udev_device_get_devnum(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return makedev(0, 0);
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->devnum;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_devnum(struct udev_device *udev_device, dev_t devnum)
-{
-        char num[32];
-
-        udev_device->devnum = devnum;
-
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u", major(devnum));
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "MAJOR", num);
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u", minor(devnum));
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "MINOR", num);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-const char *udev_device_get_devpath_old(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        return udev_device->devpath_old;
-}
+        dev_t devnum;
+        int r;
 
-static int udev_device_set_devpath_old(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *devpath_old)
-{
-        const char *pos;
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, makedev(0, 0), EINVAL);
 
-        free(udev_device->devpath_old);
-        udev_device->devpath_old = strdup(devpath_old);
-        if (udev_device->devpath_old == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVPATH_OLD", udev_device->devpath_old);
+        r = sd_device_get_devnum(udev_device->device, &devnum);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return makedev(0, 0);
+        }
 
-        pos = strrchr(udev_device->devpath_old, '/');
-        if (pos == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        return 0;
+        return devnum;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -208,27 +120,18 @@ static int udev_device_set_devpath_old(struct udev_device *udev_device, const ch
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_driver(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        char driver[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
+        const char *driver;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
 
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        r = sd_device_get_driver(udev_device->device, &driver);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        if (!udev_device->driver_set) {
-                udev_device->driver_set = true;
-                if (util_get_sys_core_link_value(udev_device->udev, "driver", udev_device->syspath, driver, sizeof(driver)) > 0)
-                        udev_device->driver = strdup(driver);
         }
-        return udev_device->driver;
-}
 
-static int udev_device_set_driver(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *driver)
-{
-        free(udev_device->driver);
-        udev_device->driver = strdup(driver);
-        if (udev_device->driver == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device->driver_set = true;
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DRIVER", udev_device->driver);
-        return 0;
+        return driver;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -241,35 +144,18 @@ static int udev_device_set_driver(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *d
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_devtype(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        const char *devtype;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_devtype(udev_device->device, &devtype);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        if (!udev_device->devtype_set) {
-                udev_device->devtype_set = true;
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
         }
-        return udev_device->devtype;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_devtype(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *devtype)
-{
-        free(udev_device->devtype);
-        udev_device->devtype = strdup(devtype);
-        if (udev_device->devtype == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device->devtype_set = true;
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVTYPE", udev_device->devtype);
-        return 0;
-}
 
-static int udev_device_set_subsystem(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *subsystem)
-{
-        free(udev_device->subsystem);
-        udev_device->subsystem = strdup(subsystem);
-        if (udev_device->subsystem == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device->subsystem_set = true;
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "SUBSYSTEM", udev_device->subsystem);
-        return 0;
+        return devtype;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -283,292 +169,18 @@ static int udev_device_set_subsystem(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_subsystem(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        char subsystem[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        if (!udev_device->subsystem_set) {
-                udev_device->subsystem_set = true;
-                /* read "subsystem" link */
-                if (util_get_sys_core_link_value(udev_device->udev, "subsystem", udev_device->syspath, subsystem, sizeof(subsystem)) > 0) {
-                        udev_device_set_subsystem(udev_device, subsystem);
-                        return udev_device->subsystem;
-                }
-                /* implicit names */
-                if (startswith(udev_device->devpath, "/module/")) {
-                        udev_device_set_subsystem(udev_device, "module");
-                        return udev_device->subsystem;
-                }
-                if (strstr(udev_device->devpath, "/drivers/") != NULL) {
-                        udev_device_set_subsystem(udev_device, "drivers");
-                        return udev_device->subsystem;
-                }
-                if (startswith(udev_device->devpath, "/subsystem/") ||
-                    startswith(udev_device->devpath, "/class/") ||
-                    startswith(udev_device->devpath, "/bus/")) {
-                        udev_device_set_subsystem(udev_device, "subsystem");
-                        return udev_device->subsystem;
-                }
-        }
-        return udev_device->subsystem;
-}
-
-mode_t udev_device_get_devnode_mode(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->devnode_mode;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_devnode_mode(struct udev_device *udev_device, mode_t mode)
-{
-        char num[32];
-
-        udev_device->devnode_mode = mode;
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%#o", mode);
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVMODE", num);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-uid_t udev_device_get_devnode_uid(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->devnode_uid;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_devnode_uid(struct udev_device *udev_device, uid_t uid)
-{
-        char num[32];
-
-        udev_device->devnode_uid = uid;
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u", uid);
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVUID", num);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-gid_t udev_device_get_devnode_gid(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->devnode_gid;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_devnode_gid(struct udev_device *udev_device, gid_t gid)
-{
-        char num[32];
-
-        udev_device->devnode_gid = gid;
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u", gid);
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVGID", num);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_add_property_internal(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *key, const char *value)
-{
-        udev_device->envp_uptodate = false;
-        if (value == NULL) {
-                struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-                list_entry = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(udev_device);
-                list_entry = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, key);
-                if (list_entry != NULL)
-                        udev_list_entry_delete(list_entry);
-                return NULL;
-        }
-        return udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->properties_list, key, value);
-}
-
-
-int udev_device_add_property(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *key, const char *value)
-{
-        struct udev_list_entry *property;
-
-        property = udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, key, value);
-
-        /* store in db, skip private keys */
-        if (key[0] != '.')
-                udev_list_entry_set_num(property, true);
-
-        return 0;
-}
+        const char *subsystem;
+        int r;
 
-static struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_add_property_from_string(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *property)
-{
-        char name[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
-        char *val;
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
 
-        strscpy(name, sizeof(name), property);
-        val = strchr(name, '=');
-        if (val == NULL)
+        r = sd_device_get_subsystem(udev_device->device, &subsystem);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        val[0] = '\0';
-        val = &val[1];
-        if (val[0] == '\0')
-                val = NULL;
-        return udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, name, val);
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_syspath(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *syspath)
-{
-        const char *pos;
-        size_t len;
-
-        free(udev_device->syspath);
-        udev_device->syspath = strdup(syspath);
-        if (udev_device->syspath ==  NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device->devpath = udev_device->syspath + strlen("/sys");
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVPATH", udev_device->devpath);
-
-        pos = strrchr(udev_device->syspath, '/');
-        if (pos == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        udev_device->sysname = strdup(&pos[1]);
-        if (udev_device->sysname == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        /* some devices have '!' in their name, change that to '/' */
-        len = 0;
-        while (udev_device->sysname[len] != '\0') {
-                if (udev_device->sysname[len] == '!')
-                        udev_device->sysname[len] = '/';
-                len++;
-        }
-
-        /* trailing number */
-        while (len > 0 && isdigit(udev_device->sysname[--len]))
-                udev_device->sysnum = &udev_device->sysname[len];
-
-        /* sysname is completely numeric */
-        if (len == 0)
-                udev_device->sysnum = NULL;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static void udev_device_set_usec_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device, usec_t usec_initialized)
-{
-        char num[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t)];
-
-        udev_device->usec_initialized = usec_initialized;
-        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), USEC_FMT, usec_initialized);
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "USEC_INITIALIZED", num);
-}
-
-void udev_device_ensure_usec_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device, struct udev_device *old_device)
-{
-        if (old_device && old_device->usec_initialized != 0)
-                udev_device_set_usec_initialized(udev_device, old_device->usec_initialized);
-        else
-                udev_device_set_usec_initialized(udev_device, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
-}
-
-static int udev_device_set_action(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *action)
-{
-        free(udev_device->action);
-        udev_device->action = strdup(action);
-        if (udev_device->action == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "ACTION", udev_device->action);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * parse property string, and if needed, update internal values accordingly
- *
- * udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse_finish() needs to be
- * called after adding properties, and its return value checked
- *
- * udev_device_set_info_loaded() needs to be set, to avoid trying
- * to use a device without a DEVPATH set
- */
-static void udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *property)
-{
-        if (startswith(property, "DEVPATH=")) {
-                char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys", &property[8], NULL);
-                udev_device_set_syspath(udev_device, path);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "SUBSYSTEM=")) {
-                udev_device_set_subsystem(udev_device, &property[10]);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVTYPE=")) {
-                udev_device_set_devtype(udev_device, &property[8]);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVNAME=")) {
-                udev_device_set_devnode(udev_device, &property[8]);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVLINKS=")) {
-                char devlinks[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                char *slink;
-                char *next;
-
-                strscpy(devlinks, sizeof(devlinks), &property[9]);
-                slink = devlinks;
-                next = strchr(slink, ' ');
-                while (next != NULL) {
-                        next[0] = '\0';
-                        udev_device_add_devlink(udev_device, slink);
-                        slink = &next[1];
-                        next = strchr(slink, ' ');
-                }
-                if (slink[0] != '\0')
-                        udev_device_add_devlink(udev_device, slink);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "TAGS=")) {
-                char tags[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                char *next;
-
-                strscpy(tags, sizeof(tags), &property[5]);
-                next = strchr(tags, ':');
-                if (next != NULL) {
-                        next++;
-                        while (next[0] != '\0') {
-                                char *tag;
-
-                                tag = next;
-                                next = strchr(tag, ':');
-                                if (next == NULL)
-                                        break;
-                                next[0] = '\0';
-                                next++;
-                                udev_device_add_tag(udev_device, tag);
-                        }
-                }
-        } else if (startswith(property, "USEC_INITIALIZED=")) {
-                udev_device_set_usec_initialized(udev_device, strtoull(&property[19], NULL, 10));
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DRIVER=")) {
-                udev_device_set_driver(udev_device, &property[7]);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "ACTION=")) {
-                udev_device_set_action(udev_device, &property[7]);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "MAJOR=")) {
-                udev_device->maj = strtoull(&property[6], NULL, 10);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "MINOR=")) {
-                udev_device->min = strtoull(&property[6], NULL, 10);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVPATH_OLD=")) {
-                udev_device_set_devpath_old(udev_device, &property[12]);
-        } else if (startswith(property, "SEQNUM=")) {
-                udev_device_set_seqnum(udev_device, strtoull(&property[7], NULL, 10));
-        } else if (startswith(property, "IFINDEX=")) {
-                udev_device_set_ifindex(udev_device, strtoull(&property[8], NULL, 10));
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVMODE=")) {
-                udev_device_set_devnode_mode(udev_device, strtoul(&property[8], NULL, 8));
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVUID=")) {
-                udev_device_set_devnode_uid(udev_device, strtoul(&property[7], NULL, 10));
-        } else if (startswith(property, "DEVGID=")) {
-                udev_device_set_devnode_gid(udev_device, strtoul(&property[7], NULL, 10));
-        } else {
-                udev_device_add_property_from_string(udev_device, property);
         }
-}
-
-static int udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse_finish(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (udev_device->maj > 0)
-                udev_device_set_devnum(udev_device, makedev(udev_device->maj, udev_device->min));
-        udev_device->maj = 0;
-        udev_device->min = 0;
 
-        if (udev_device->devpath == NULL || udev_device->subsystem == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        return 0;
+        return subsystem;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -582,162 +194,36 @@ static int udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse_finish(struct udev_device
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_property_value(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *key)
 {
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        if (key == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-
-        list_entry = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(udev_device);
-        list_entry = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, key);
-        return udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
-}
-
-static int udev_device_read_db(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
-        const char *id;
-        FILE *f;
-
-        if (udev_device->db_loaded)
-                return 0;
-
-        udev_device->db_loaded = true;
-
-        id = udev_device_get_id_filename(udev_device);
-        if (id == NULL)
-                return -1;
-
-        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/run/udev/data/", id, NULL);
-
-        f = fopen(filename, "re");
-        if (f == NULL)
-                return log_debug_errno(errno, "no db file to read %s: %m", filename);
-
-        /* devices with a database entry are initialized */
-        udev_device->is_initialized = true;
-
-        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
-                ssize_t len;
-                const char *val;
-                struct udev_list_entry *entry;
-
-                len = strlen(line);
-                if (len < 4)
-                        break;
-                line[len-1] = '\0';
-                val = &line[2];
-                switch(line[0]) {
-                case 'S':
-                        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", val, NULL);
-                        udev_device_add_devlink(udev_device, filename);
-                        break;
-                case 'L':
-                        udev_device_set_devlink_priority(udev_device, atoi(val));
-                        break;
-                case 'E':
-                        entry = udev_device_add_property_from_string(udev_device, val);
-                        udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
-                        break;
-                case 'G':
-                        udev_device_add_tag(udev_device, val);
-                        break;
-                case 'W':
-                        udev_device_set_watch_handle(udev_device, atoi(val));
-                        break;
-                case 'I':
-                        udev_device_set_usec_initialized(udev_device, strtoull(val, NULL, 10));
-                        break;
-                }
-        }
-        fclose(f);
-
-        log_trace("device %p filled with db file data", udev_device);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_read_uevent_file(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        FILE *f;
-        char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
-        int maj = 0;
-        int min = 0;
+        const char *value = NULL;
+        int r;
 
-        if (udev_device->uevent_loaded)
-                return 0;
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device && key, NULL, EINVAL);
 
-        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device->syspath, "/uevent", NULL);
-        f = fopen(filename, "re");
-        if (f == NULL)
-                return -errno;
-        udev_device->uevent_loaded = true;
-
-        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
-                char *pos;
-
-                pos = strchr(line, '\n');
-                if (pos == NULL)
-                        continue;
-                pos[0] = '\0';
-
-                if (startswith(line, "DEVTYPE=")) {
-                        udev_device_set_devtype(udev_device, &line[8]);
-                        continue;
-                }
-                if (startswith(line, "IFINDEX=")) {
-                        udev_device_set_ifindex(udev_device, strtoull(&line[8], NULL, 10));
-                        continue;
-                }
-                if (startswith(line, "DEVNAME=")) {
-                        udev_device_set_devnode(udev_device, &line[8]);
-                        continue;
-                }
-
-                if (startswith(line, "MAJOR="))
-                        maj = strtoull(&line[6], NULL, 10);
-                else if (startswith(line, "MINOR="))
-                        min = strtoull(&line[6], NULL, 10);
-                else if (startswith(line, "DEVMODE="))
-                        udev_device->devnode_mode = strtoul(&line[8], NULL, 8);
-
-                udev_device_add_property_from_string(udev_device, line);
+        r = sd_device_get_property_value(udev_device->device, key, &value);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
         }
 
-        udev_device->devnum = makedev(maj, min);
-        fclose(f);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-void udev_device_set_info_loaded(struct udev_device *device)
-{
-        device->info_loaded = true;
+        return value;
 }
 
-static struct udev_device *udev_device_new(struct udev *udev)
-{
+struct udev_device *udev_device_new(struct udev *udev) {
         struct udev_device *udev_device;
 
-        if (udev == NULL) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-                return NULL;
-        }
+        assert_return_errno(udev, NULL, EINVAL);
 
         udev_device = new0(struct udev_device, 1);
-        if (udev_device == NULL) {
+        if (!udev_device) {
                 errno = ENOMEM;
                 return NULL;
         }
         udev_device->refcount = 1;
         udev_device->udev = udev;
-        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->devlinks_list, true);
-        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->properties_list, true);
-        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->sysattr_value_list, true);
-        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->sysattr_list, false);
-        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->tags_list, true);
-        udev_device->watch_handle = -1;
+        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->properties, true);
+        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->tags, true);
+        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->sysattrs, true);
+        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_device->devlinks, true);
 
         return udev_device;
 }
@@ -756,68 +242,21 @@ static struct udev_device *udev_device_new(struct udev *udev)
  *
  * Returns: a new udev device, or #NULL, if it does not exist
  **/
-_public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_syspath(struct udev *udev, const char *syspath)
-{
-        const char *subdir;
-        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        char *pos;
-        struct stat statbuf;
+_public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_syspath(struct udev *udev, const char *syspath) {
         struct udev_device *udev_device;
+        int r;
 
-        if (udev == NULL) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        if (syspath == NULL) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        /* path starts in sys */
-        if (!startswith(syspath, "/sys")) {
-                log_debug("not in sys :%s", syspath);
-                errno = EINVAL;
+        udev_device = udev_device_new(udev);
+        if (!udev_device)
                 return NULL;
-        }
 
-        /* path is not a root directory */
-        subdir = syspath + strlen("/sys");
-        pos = strrchr(subdir, '/');
-        if (pos == NULL || pos[1] == '\0' || pos < &subdir[2]) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
+        r = sd_device_new_from_syspath(&udev_device->device, syspath);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                udev_device_unref(udev_device);
                 return NULL;
         }
 
-        /* resolve possible symlink to real path */
-        strscpy(path, sizeof(path), syspath);
-        util_resolve_sys_link(udev, path, sizeof(path));
-
-        if (startswith(path + strlen("/sys"), "/devices/")) {
-                char file[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                /* all "devices" require a "uevent" file */
-                strscpyl(file, sizeof(file), path, "/uevent", NULL);
-                if (stat(file, &statbuf) != 0)
-                        return NULL;
-        } else {
-                /* everything else just needs to be a directory */
-                if (stat(path, &statbuf) != 0)
-                        return NULL;
-
-                if (!S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
-                        errno = EISDIR;
-                        return NULL;
-                }
-        }
-
-        udev_device = udev_device_new(udev);
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-
-        udev_device_set_syspath(udev_device, path);
-        log_trace("device %p has devpath '%s'", udev_device, udev_device_get_devpath(udev_device));
-
         return udev_device;
 }
 
@@ -839,22 +278,21 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_syspath(struct udev *udev, con
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_devnum(struct udev *udev, char type, dev_t devnum)
 {
-        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        const char *type_str;
-
-        if (type == 'b')
-                type_str = "block";
-        else if (type == 'c')
-                type_str = "char";
-        else {
-                errno = EINVAL;
+        struct udev_device *udev_device;
+        int r;
+
+        udev_device = udev_device_new(udev);
+        if (!udev_device)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = sd_device_new_from_devnum(&udev_device->device, type, devnum);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                udev_device_unref(udev_device);
                 return NULL;
         }
 
-        /* use /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min> link */
-        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/dev/%s/%u:%u",
-                 type_str, major(devnum), minor(devnum));
-        return udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path);
+        return udev_device;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -877,65 +315,21 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_devnum(struct udev *udev, char
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_device_id(struct udev *udev, const char *id)
 {
-        char type;
-        int maj, min;
-        char subsys[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        char *sysname;
-
-        switch(id[0]) {
-        case 'b':
-        case 'c':
-                if (sscanf(id, "%c%i:%i", &type, &maj, &min) != 3)
-                        return NULL;
-                return udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, type, makedev(maj, min));
-        case 'n': {
-                int sk;
-                struct ifreq ifr;
-                struct udev_device *dev;
-                int ifindex;
-
-                ifindex = strtoul(&id[1], NULL, 10);
-                if (ifindex <= 0) {
-                        errno = EINVAL;
-                        return NULL;
-                }
-
-                sk = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
-                if (sk < 0)
-                        return NULL;
-                memzero(&ifr, sizeof(struct ifreq));
-                ifr.ifr_ifindex = ifindex;
-                if (ioctl(sk, SIOCGIFNAME, &ifr) != 0) {
-                        close(sk);
-                        return NULL;
-                }
-                close(sk);
-
-                dev = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(udev, "net", ifr.ifr_name);
-                if (dev == NULL)
-                        return NULL;
-                if (udev_device_get_ifindex(dev) == ifindex)
-                        return dev;
-
-                /* this is racy, so we may end up with the wrong device */
-                udev_device_unref(dev);
-                errno = ENODEV;
+        struct udev_device *udev_device;
+        int r;
+
+        udev_device = udev_device_new(udev);
+        if (!udev_device)
                 return NULL;
-        }
-        case '+':
-                strscpy(subsys, sizeof(subsys), &id[1]);
-                sysname = strchr(subsys, ':');
-                if (sysname == NULL) {
-                        errno = EINVAL;
-                        return NULL;
-                }
-                sysname[0] = '\0';
-                sysname = &sysname[1];
-                return udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(udev, subsys, sysname);
-        default:
-                errno = EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_device_new_from_device_id(&udev_device->device, id);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                udev_device_unref(udev_device);
                 return NULL;
         }
+
+        return udev_device;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -955,69 +349,21 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_device_id(struct udev *udev, c
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(struct udev *udev, const char *subsystem, const char *sysname)
 {
-        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        struct stat statbuf;
-
-        if (streq(subsystem, "subsystem")) {
-                strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/subsystem/", sysname, NULL);
-                if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                        goto found;
-
-                strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/", sysname, NULL);
-                if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                        goto found;
-
-                strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/", sysname, NULL);
-                if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                        goto found;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (streq(subsystem, "module")) {
-                strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/module/", sysname, NULL);
-                if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                        goto found;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (streq(subsystem, "drivers")) {
-                char subsys[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
-                char *driver;
-
-                strscpy(subsys, sizeof(subsys), sysname);
-                driver = strchr(subsys, ':');
-                if (driver != NULL) {
-                        driver[0] = '\0';
-                        driver = &driver[1];
-
-                        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/subsystem/", subsys, "/drivers/", driver, NULL);
-                        if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                                goto found;
+        struct udev_device *udev_device;
+        int r;
 
-                        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/", subsys, "/drivers/", driver, NULL);
-                        if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                                goto found;
-                } else
-                        errno = EINVAL;
+        udev_device = udev_device_new(udev);
+        if (!udev_device)
+                return NULL;
 
-                goto out;
+        r = sd_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(&udev_device->device, subsystem, sysname);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                udev_device_unref(udev_device);
+                return NULL;
         }
 
-        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/subsystem/", subsystem, "/devices/", sysname, NULL);
-        if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                goto found;
-
-        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/bus/", subsystem, "/devices/", sysname, NULL);
-        if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                goto found;
-
-        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/", subsystem, "/", sysname, NULL);
-        if (stat(path, &statbuf) == 0)
-                goto found;
-out:
-        return NULL;
-found:
-        return udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path);
+        return udev_device;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1036,48 +382,45 @@ found:
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_environment(struct udev *udev)
 {
-        int i;
         struct udev_device *udev_device;
+        int r;
 
         udev_device = udev_device_new(udev);
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        if (!udev_device)
                 return NULL;
-        udev_device_set_info_loaded(udev_device);
-
-        for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++)
-                udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse(udev_device, environ[i]);
 
-        if (udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse_finish(udev_device) < 0) {
-                log_debug("missing values, invalid device");
+        r = device_new_from_strv(&udev_device->device, environ);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 udev_device_unref(udev_device);
-                udev_device = NULL;
+                return NULL;
         }
 
         return udev_device;
 }
 
-static struct udev_device *device_new_from_parent(struct udev_device *udev_device)
+static struct udev_device *device_new_from_parent(struct udev_device *child)
 {
-        struct udev_device *udev_device_parent = NULL;
-        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        const char *subdir;
-
-        strscpy(path, sizeof(path), udev_device->syspath);
-        subdir = path + strlen("/sys/");
-        for (;;) {
-                char *pos;
-
-                pos = strrchr(subdir, '/');
-                if (pos == NULL || pos < &subdir[2])
-                        break;
-                pos[0] = '\0';
-                udev_device_parent = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev_device->udev, path);
-                if (udev_device_parent != NULL)
-                        return udev_device_parent;
+        struct udev_device *parent;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(child, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        parent = udev_device_new(child->udev);
+        if (!parent)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = sd_device_get_parent(child->device, &parent->device);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                udev_device_unref(parent);
+                return NULL;
         }
 
-        errno = ENOENT;
-        return NULL;
+        /* the parent is unref'ed with the child, so take a ref from libudev as well */
+        sd_device_ref(parent->device);
+
+        return parent;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1100,15 +443,15 @@ static struct udev_device *device_new_from_parent(struct udev_device *udev_devic
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_get_parent(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-                return NULL;
-        }
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
         if (!udev_device->parent_set) {
                 udev_device->parent_set = true;
-                udev_device->parent_device = device_new_from_parent(udev_device);
+                udev_device->parent = device_new_from_parent(udev_device);
         }
-        return udev_device->parent_device;
+
+        /* TODO: errno will differ here in case parent == NULL */
+        return udev_device->parent;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1134,33 +477,30 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_get_parent(struct udev_device *udev_dev
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *subsystem, const char *devtype)
 {
-        struct udev_device *parent;
+        sd_device *parent;
+        int r;
 
-        if (subsystem == NULL) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        /* this relies on the fact that finding the subdevice of a parent or the
+           parent of a subdevice commute */
+
+        /* first find the correct sd_device */
+        r = sd_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype(udev_device->device, subsystem, devtype, &parent);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
         }
 
-        parent = udev_device_get_parent(udev_device);
-        while (parent != NULL) {
-                const char *parent_subsystem;
-                const char *parent_devtype;
-
-                parent_subsystem = udev_device_get_subsystem(parent);
-                if (parent_subsystem != NULL && streq(parent_subsystem, subsystem)) {
-                        if (devtype == NULL)
-                                break;
-                        parent_devtype = udev_device_get_devtype(parent);
-                        if (parent_devtype != NULL && streq(parent_devtype, devtype))
-                                break;
-                }
-                parent = udev_device_get_parent(parent);
+        /* then walk the chain of udev_device parents until the correspanding
+           one is found */
+        while ((udev_device = udev_device_get_parent(udev_device))) {
+                if (udev_device->device == parent)
+                        return udev_device;
         }
 
-        if (!parent)
-                errno = ENOENT;
-
-        return parent;
+        errno = ENOENT;
+        return NULL;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1173,8 +513,8 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype(struc
  **/
 _public_ struct udev *udev_device_get_udev(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
         return udev_device->udev;
 }
 
@@ -1188,9 +528,9 @@ _public_ struct udev *udev_device_get_udev(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_ref(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        udev_device->refcount++;
+        if (udev_device)
+                udev_device->refcount++;
+
         return udev_device;
 }
 
@@ -1205,30 +545,18 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_ref(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_unref(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        udev_device->refcount--;
-        if (udev_device->refcount > 0)
-                return NULL;
-        if (udev_device->parent_device != NULL)
-                udev_device_unref(udev_device->parent_device);
-        free(udev_device->syspath);
-        free(udev_device->sysname);
-        free(udev_device->devnode);
-        free(udev_device->subsystem);
-        free(udev_device->devtype);
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->devlinks_list);
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->properties_list);
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->sysattr_value_list);
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->sysattr_list);
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->tags_list);
-        free(udev_device->action);
-        free(udev_device->driver);
-        free(udev_device->devpath_old);
-        free(udev_device->id_filename);
-        free(udev_device->envp);
-        free(udev_device->monitor_buf);
-        free(udev_device);
+        if (udev_device && (-- udev_device->refcount) == 0) {
+                sd_device_unref(udev_device->device);
+                udev_device_unref(udev_device->parent);
+
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->properties);
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->sysattrs);
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->tags);
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->devlinks);
+
+                free(udev_device);
+        }
+
         return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1243,9 +571,18 @@ _public_ struct udev_device *udev_device_unref(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_devpath(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        const char *devpath;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_devpath(udev_device->device, &devpath);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        return udev_device->devpath;
+        }
+
+        return devpath;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1259,9 +596,18 @@ _public_ const char *udev_device_get_devpath(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_syspath(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        const char *syspath;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_syspath(udev_device->device, &syspath);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        return udev_device->syspath;
+        }
+
+        return syspath;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1274,9 +620,18 @@ _public_ const char *udev_device_get_syspath(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_sysname(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        const char *sysname;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_sysname(udev_device->device, &sysname);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        return udev_device->sysname;
+        }
+
+        return sysname;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1289,9 +644,18 @@ _public_ const char *udev_device_get_sysname(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_sysnum(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        const char *sysnum;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_sysnum(udev_device->device, &sysnum);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        return udev_device->sysnum;
+        }
+
+        return sysnum;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1305,13 +669,18 @@ _public_ const char *udev_device_get_sysnum(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_devnode(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+        const char *devnode;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_devname(udev_device->device, &devnode);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        if (udev_device->devnode != NULL)
-                return udev_device->devnode;
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->devnode;
+        }
+
+        return devnode;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1329,21 +698,24 @@ _public_ const char *udev_device_get_devnode(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_get_devlinks_list_entry(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->devlinks_list);
-}
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
 
-void udev_device_cleanup_devlinks_list(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        udev_device->devlinks_uptodate = false;
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->devlinks_list);
+        if (device_get_devlinks_generation(udev_device->device) != udev_device->devlinks_generation) {
+                const char *devlink;
+
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->devlinks);
+
+                FOREACH_DEVICE_DEVLINK(udev_device->device, devlink)
+                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->devlinks, devlink, NULL);
+
+                udev_device->devlinks_generation = device_get_devlinks_generation(udev_device->device);
+        }
+
+        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->devlinks);
 }
 
 /**
- * udev_device_get_properties_list_entry:
+ * udev_device_get_event_properties_entry:
  * @udev_device: udev device
  *
  * Retrieve the list of key/value device properties of the udev
@@ -1356,45 +728,20 @@ void udev_device_cleanup_devlinks_list(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded) {
-                udev_device_read_uevent_file(udev_device);
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        }
-        if (!udev_device->devlinks_uptodate) {
-                char symlinks[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-                udev_device->devlinks_uptodate = true;
-                list_entry = udev_device_get_devlinks_list_entry(udev_device);
-                if (list_entry != NULL) {
-                        char *s;
-                        size_t l;
-
-                        s = symlinks;
-                        l = strpcpyl(&s, sizeof(symlinks), udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), NULL);
-                        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_entry_get_next(list_entry))
-                                l = strpcpyl(&s, l, " ", udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), NULL);
-                        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVLINKS", symlinks);
-                }
-        }
-        if (!udev_device->tags_uptodate) {
-                udev_device->tags_uptodate = true;
-                if (udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(udev_device) != NULL) {
-                        char tags[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-                        char *s;
-                        size_t l;
-
-                        s = tags;
-                        l = strpcpyl(&s, sizeof(tags), ":", NULL);
-                        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(udev_device))
-                                l = strpcpyl(&s, l, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), ":", NULL);
-                        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "TAGS", tags);
-                }
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        if (device_get_properties_generation(udev_device->device) != udev_device->properties_generation) {
+                const char *key, *value;
+
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->properties);
+
+                FOREACH_DEVICE_PROPERTY(udev_device->device, key, value)
+                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->properties, key, value);
+
+                udev_device->properties_generation = device_get_properties_generation(udev_device->device);
         }
-        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->properties_list);
+
+        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->properties);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1407,11 +754,19 @@ _public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(struct ud
  *
  * Returns: the kernel action value, or #NULL if there is no action value available.
  **/
-_public_ const char *udev_device_get_action(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
+_public_ const char *udev_device_get_action(struct udev_device *udev_device) {
+        const char *action = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_property_value(udev_device->device, "ACTION", &action);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT) {
+                errno = -r;
                 return NULL;
-        return udev_device->action;
+        }
+
+        return action;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1428,23 +783,18 @@ _public_ const char *udev_device_get_action(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ unsigned long long int udev_device_get_usec_since_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        usec_t now_ts;
+        usec_t ts;
+        int r;
 
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return 0;
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        if (udev_device->usec_initialized == 0)
-                return 0;
-        now_ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-        if (now_ts == 0)
+        assert_return(udev_device, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_usec_since_initialized(udev_device->device, &ts);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
                 return 0;
-        return now_ts - udev_device->usec_initialized;
-}
+        }
 
-usec_t udev_device_get_usec_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        return udev_device->usec_initialized;
+        return ts;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1459,76 +809,18 @@ usec_t udev_device_get_usec_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ const char *udev_device_get_sysattr_value(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *sysattr)
 {
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        char value[4096];
-        struct stat statbuf;
-        int fd;
-        ssize_t size;
-        const char *val = NULL;
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        if (sysattr == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+        const char *value;
+        int r;
 
-        /* look for possibly already cached result */
-        list_entry = udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->sysattr_value_list);
-        list_entry = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, sysattr);
-        if (list_entry != NULL)
-                return udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
 
-        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), udev_device_get_syspath(udev_device), "/", sysattr, NULL);
-        if (lstat(path, &statbuf) != 0) {
-                udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->sysattr_value_list, sysattr, NULL);
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (S_ISLNK(statbuf.st_mode)) {
-                /*
-                 * Some core links return only the last element of the target path,
-                 * these are just values, the paths should not be exposed.
-                 */
-                if (streq(sysattr, "driver") ||
-                    streq(sysattr, "subsystem") ||
-                    streq(sysattr, "module")) {
-                        if (util_get_sys_core_link_value(udev_device->udev, sysattr,
-                                                         udev_device->syspath, value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
-                                return NULL;
-                        list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->sysattr_value_list, sysattr, value);
-                        val = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
-                        goto out;
-                }
-
-                goto out;
+        r = sd_device_get_sysattr_value(udev_device->device, sysattr, &value);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
+                return NULL;
         }
 
-        /* skip directories */
-        if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
-                goto out;
-
-        /* skip non-readable files */
-        if ((statbuf.st_mode & S_IRUSR) == 0)
-                goto out;
-
-        /* read attribute value */
-        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                goto out;
-        size = read(fd, value, sizeof(value));
-        close(fd);
-        if (size < 0)
-                goto out;
-        if (size == sizeof(value))
-                goto out;
-
-        /* got a valid value, store it in cache and return it */
-        value[size] = '\0';
-        util_remove_trailing_chars(value, '\n');
-        list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->sysattr_value_list, sysattr, value);
-        val = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
-out:
-        return val;
+        return value;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1543,116 +835,15 @@ out:
  **/
 _public_ int udev_device_set_sysattr_value(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *sysattr, char *value)
 {
-        struct udev_device *dev;
-        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        struct stat statbuf;
-        int fd;
-        ssize_t size, value_len;
-        int ret = 0;
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        dev = udev_device;
-        if (sysattr == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        if (value == NULL)
-                value_len = 0;
-        else
-                value_len = strlen(value);
-
-        strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), "/", sysattr, NULL);
-        if (lstat(path, &statbuf) != 0) {
-                udev_list_entry_add(&dev->sysattr_value_list, sysattr, NULL);
-                ret = -ENXIO;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (S_ISLNK(statbuf.st_mode)) {
-                ret = -EINVAL;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        /* skip directories */
-        if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
-                ret = -EISDIR;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        /* skip non-readable files */
-        if ((statbuf.st_mode & S_IRUSR) == 0) {
-                ret = -EACCES;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        /* Value is limited to 4k */
-        if (value_len > 4096) {
-                ret = -EINVAL;
-                goto out;
-        }
-        util_remove_trailing_chars(value, '\n');
-
-        /* write attribute value */
-        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
-        if (fd < 0) {
-                ret = -errno;
-                goto out;
-        }
-        size = write(fd, value, value_len);
-        close(fd);
-        if (size < 0) {
-                ret = -errno;
-                goto out;
-        }
-        if (size < value_len) {
-                ret = -EIO;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        /* wrote a valid value, store it in cache and return it */
-        udev_list_entry_add(&dev->sysattr_value_list, sysattr, value);
-out:
-        if (dev != udev_device)
-                udev_device_unref(dev);
-        return ret;
-}
-
-static int udev_device_sysattr_list_read(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        struct dirent *dent;
-        DIR *dir;
-        int num = 0;
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        if (udev_device->sysattr_list_read)
-                return 0;
-
-        dir = opendir(udev_device_get_syspath(udev_device));
-        if (!dir)
-                return -errno;
-
-        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
-                char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                struct stat statbuf;
-
-                /* only handle symlinks and regular files */
-                if (dent->d_type != DT_LNK && dent->d_type != DT_REG)
-                        continue;
+        int r;
 
-                strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), udev_device_get_syspath(udev_device), "/", dent->d_name, NULL);
-                if (lstat(path, &statbuf) != 0)
-                        continue;
-                if ((statbuf.st_mode & S_IRUSR) == 0)
-                        continue;
+        assert_return(udev_device, -EINVAL);
 
-                udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->sysattr_list, dent->d_name, NULL);
-                num++;
-        }
-
-        closedir(dir);
-        udev_device->sysattr_list_read = true;
+        r = sd_device_set_sysattr_value(udev_device->device, sysattr, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        return num;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1667,74 +858,20 @@ static int udev_device_sysattr_list_read(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_get_sysattr_list_entry(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (!udev_device->sysattr_list_read) {
-                int ret;
-                ret = udev_device_sysattr_list_read(udev_device);
-                if (0 > ret)
-                        return NULL;
-        }
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
 
-        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->sysattr_list);
-}
+        if (!udev_device->sysattrs_read) {
+                const char *sysattr;
 
-static int udev_device_set_devnode(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *devnode)
-{
-        free(udev_device->devnode);
-        if (devnode[0] != '/') {
-                if (asprintf(&udev_device->devnode, "/dev/%s", devnode) < 0)
-                        udev_device->devnode = NULL;
-        } else {
-                udev_device->devnode = strdup(devnode);
-        }
-        if (udev_device->devnode == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "DEVNAME", udev_device->devnode);
-        return 0;
-}
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->sysattrs);
 
-int udev_device_add_devlink(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *devlink)
-{
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-        udev_device->devlinks_uptodate = false;
-        list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->devlinks_list, devlink, NULL);
-        if (list_entry == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        return 0;
-}
+                FOREACH_DEVICE_SYSATTR(udev_device->device, sysattr)
+                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->properties, sysattr, NULL);
 
-const char *udev_device_get_id_filename(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (udev_device->id_filename == NULL) {
-                if (udev_device_get_subsystem(udev_device) == NULL)
-                        return NULL;
-
-                if (major(udev_device_get_devnum(udev_device)) > 0) {
-                        /* use dev_t -- b259:131072, c254:0 */
-                        if (asprintf(&udev_device->id_filename, "%c%u:%u",
-                                     streq(udev_device_get_subsystem(udev_device), "block") ? 'b' : 'c',
-                                     major(udev_device_get_devnum(udev_device)),
-                                     minor(udev_device_get_devnum(udev_device))) < 0)
-                                udev_device->id_filename = NULL;
-                } else if (udev_device_get_ifindex(udev_device) > 0) {
-                        /* use netdev ifindex -- n3 */
-                        if (asprintf(&udev_device->id_filename, "n%i", udev_device_get_ifindex(udev_device)) < 0)
-                                udev_device->id_filename = NULL;
-                } else {
-                        /*
-                         * use $subsys:$syname -- pci:0000:00:1f.2
-                         * sysname() has '!' translated, get it from devpath
-                         */
-                        const char *sysname;
-                        sysname = strrchr(udev_device->devpath, '/');
-                        if (sysname == NULL)
-                                return NULL;
-                        sysname = &sysname[1];
-                        if (asprintf(&udev_device->id_filename, "+%s:%s", udev_device_get_subsystem(udev_device), sysname) < 0)
-                                udev_device->id_filename = NULL;
-                }
+                udev_device->sysattrs_read = true;
         }
-        return udev_device->id_filename;
+
+        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->sysattrs);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1752,49 +889,18 @@ const char *udev_device_get_id_filename(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ int udev_device_get_is_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->is_initialized;
-}
+        int r, initialized;
 
-void udev_device_set_is_initialized(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        udev_device->is_initialized = true;
-}
+        assert_return(udev_device, -EINVAL);
 
-static bool is_valid_tag(const char *tag)
-{
-        return !strchr(tag, ':') && !strchr(tag, ' ');
-}
+        r = sd_device_get_is_initialized(udev_device->device, &initialized);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                errno = -r;
 
-int udev_device_add_tag(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *tag)
-{
-        if (!is_valid_tag(tag))
-                return -EINVAL;
-        udev_device->tags_uptodate = false;
-        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->tags_list, tag, NULL) != NULL)
                 return 0;
-        return -ENOMEM;
-}
-
-void udev_device_remove_tag(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *tag)
-{
-        struct udev_list_entry *e;
-
-        if (!is_valid_tag(tag))
-                return;
-        e = udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->tags_list);
-        e = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(e, tag);
-        if (e) {
-                udev_device->tags_uptodate = false;
-                udev_list_entry_delete(e);
         }
-}
 
-void udev_device_cleanup_tags_list(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        udev_device->tags_uptodate = false;
-        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->tags_list);
+        return initialized;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1810,11 +916,20 @@ void udev_device_cleanup_tags_list(struct udev_device *udev_device)
  **/
 _public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(struct udev_device *udev_device)
 {
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->tags_list);
+        assert_return_errno(udev_device, NULL, EINVAL);
+
+        if (device_get_tags_generation(udev_device->device) != udev_device->tags_generation) {
+                const char *tag;
+
+                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_device->tags);
+
+                FOREACH_DEVICE_TAG(udev_device->device, tag)
+                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_device->tags, tag, NULL);
+
+                udev_device->tags_generation = device_get_tags_generation(udev_device->device);
+        }
+
+        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_device->tags);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1828,274 +943,7 @@ _public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(struct udev_dev
  **/
 _public_ int udev_device_has_tag(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *tag)
 {
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL)
-                return false;
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        list_entry = udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(udev_device);
-        if (udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, tag) != NULL)
-                return true;
-        return false;
-}
-
-#define ENVP_SIZE                        128
-#define MONITOR_BUF_SIZE                4096
-static int update_envp_monitor_buf(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-        char *s;
-        size_t l;
-        unsigned int i;
-
-        /* monitor buffer of property strings */
-        free(udev_device->monitor_buf);
-        udev_device->monitor_buf_len = 0;
-        udev_device->monitor_buf = malloc(MONITOR_BUF_SIZE);
-        if (udev_device->monitor_buf == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        /* envp array, strings will point into monitor buffer */
-        if (udev_device->envp == NULL)
-                udev_device->envp = malloc(sizeof(char *) * ENVP_SIZE);
-        if (udev_device->envp == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        i = 0;
-        s = udev_device->monitor_buf;
-        l = MONITOR_BUF_SIZE;
-        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(udev_device)) {
-                const char *key;
-
-                key = udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry);
-                /* skip private variables */
-                if (key[0] == '.')
-                        continue;
-
-                /* add string to envp array */
-                udev_device->envp[i++] = s;
-                if (i+1 >= ENVP_SIZE)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* add property string to monitor buffer */
-                l = strpcpyl(&s, l, key, "=", udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry), NULL);
-                if (l == 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                /* advance past the trailing '\0' that strpcpyl() guarantees */
-                s++;
-                l--;
-        }
-        udev_device->envp[i] = NULL;
-        udev_device->monitor_buf_len = s - udev_device->monitor_buf;
-        udev_device->envp_uptodate = true;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-char **udev_device_get_properties_envp(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->envp_uptodate)
-                if (update_envp_monitor_buf(udev_device) != 0)
-                        return NULL;
-        return udev_device->envp;
-}
-
-ssize_t udev_device_get_properties_monitor_buf(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char **buf)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->envp_uptodate)
-                if (update_envp_monitor_buf(udev_device) != 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-        *buf = udev_device->monitor_buf;
-        return udev_device->monitor_buf_len;
-}
-
-int udev_device_get_devlink_priority(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->devlink_priority;
-}
-
-int udev_device_set_devlink_priority(struct udev_device *udev_device, int prio)
-{
-         udev_device->devlink_priority = prio;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int udev_device_get_watch_handle(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        if (!udev_device->info_loaded)
-                udev_device_read_db(udev_device);
-        return udev_device->watch_handle;
-}
-
-int udev_device_set_watch_handle(struct udev_device *udev_device, int handle)
-{
-        udev_device->watch_handle = handle;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-bool udev_device_get_db_persist(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        return udev_device->db_persist;
-}
-
-void udev_device_set_db_persist(struct udev_device *udev_device)
-{
-        udev_device->db_persist = true;
-}
-
-int udev_device_rename(struct udev_device *udev_device, const char *name)
-{
-        _cleanup_free_ char *dirname = NULL;
-        const char *interface;
-        char *new_syspath;
-        int r;
-
-        if (udev_device == NULL || name == NULL)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        dirname = dirname_malloc(udev_device->syspath);
-        if (!dirname)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        new_syspath = strjoina(dirname, "/", name);
-
-        r = udev_device_set_syspath(udev_device, new_syspath);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        interface = udev_device_get_property_value(udev_device, "INTERFACE");
-        if (interface) {
-                /* like DEVPATH_OLD, INTERFACE_OLD is not saved to the db, but only stays around for the current event */
-                udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "INTERFACE_OLD", interface);
-                udev_device_add_property_internal(udev_device, "INTERFACE", name);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-struct udev_device *udev_device_shallow_clone(struct udev_device *old_device)
-{
-        struct udev_device *device;
+        assert_return(udev_device, 0);
 
-        if (old_device == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-
-        device = udev_device_new(old_device->udev);
-        if (!device) {
-                errno = ENOMEM;
-
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        udev_device_set_syspath(device, udev_device_get_syspath(old_device));
-        udev_device_set_subsystem(device, udev_device_get_subsystem(old_device));
-        udev_device_set_devnum(device, udev_device_get_devnum(old_device));
-
-        return device;
-}
-
-struct udev_device *udev_device_clone_with_db(struct udev_device *old_device)
-{
-        struct udev_device *device;
-
-        device = udev_device_shallow_clone(old_device);
-        if (!device)
-                return NULL;
-
-        udev_device_read_db(device);
-        udev_device_set_info_loaded(device);
-
-        return device;
-}
-
-struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_nulstr(struct udev *udev, char *nulstr, ssize_t buflen) {
-        struct udev_device *device;
-        ssize_t bufpos = 0;
-
-        if (nulstr == NULL || buflen <= 0) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        device = udev_device_new(udev);
-        if (!device) {
-                errno = ENOMEM;
-
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        udev_device_set_info_loaded(device);
-
-        while (bufpos < buflen) {
-                char *key;
-                size_t keylen;
-
-                key = nulstr + bufpos;
-                keylen = strlen(key);
-                if (keylen == 0)
-                        break;
-
-                bufpos += keylen + 1;
-                udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse(device, key);
-        }
-
-        if (udev_device_add_property_from_string_parse_finish(device) < 0) {
-                log_debug("missing values, invalid device");
-
-                udev_device_unref(device);
-
-                errno = EINVAL;
-
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        return device;
-}
-
-struct udev_device *udev_device_new_from_synthetic_event(struct udev *udev, const char *syspath, const char *action) {
-        struct udev_device *ret;
-        int r;
-
-        if (!action) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        ret = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, syspath);
-        if (!ret)
-                return NULL;
-
-        r = udev_device_read_uevent_file(ret);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                udev_device_unref(ret);
-                errno = -r;
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        r = udev_device_set_action(ret, action);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                udev_device_unref(ret);
-                errno = -r;
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        return ret;
-}
-
-int udev_device_copy_properties(struct udev_device *dst, struct udev_device *src) {
-        struct udev_list_entry *entry;
-
-        for ((entry = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(src)); entry; entry = udev_list_entry_get_next(entry)) {
-                const char *key, *value;
-
-                key = udev_list_entry_get_name(entry);
-                value = udev_list_entry_get_value(entry);
-
-                udev_device_add_property(dst, key, value);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
+        return sd_device_has_tag(udev_device->device, tag);
 }

commit 9102fdc5c6ce5aad4f891460f725758a934a1071
Author: Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
Date:   Wed Apr 1 14:33:02 2015 +0200

    fsck: port from libudev to sd-device

diff --git a/src/fsck/fsck.c b/src/fsck/fsck.c
index bd17948..7eaf902 100644
--- a/src/fsck/fsck.c
+++ b/src/fsck/fsck.c
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #include "sd-bus.h"
-#include "libudev.h"
+#include "sd-device.h"
 
 #include "util.h"
 #include "special.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
 #include "bus-common-errors.h"
-#include "udev-util.h"
+#include "device-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "socket-util.h"
 #include "fsckd/fsckd.h"
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         pid_t pid;
         int progress_rc;
         siginfo_t status;
-        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
-        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *udev_device = NULL;
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *dev = NULL;
         const char *device, *type;
         bool root_directory;
         _cleanup_close_pair_ int progress_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
@@ -229,12 +228,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        udev = udev_new();
-        if (!udev) {
-                r = log_oom();
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
         if (argc > 1) {
                 device = argv[1];
                 root_directory = false;
@@ -244,9 +237,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                udev_device = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
-                if (!udev_device) {
-                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to detect device %s", device);
+                r = sd_device_new_from_devnum(&dev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to detect device %s: %m", device);
                         goto finish;
                 }
         } else {
@@ -275,15 +268,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                udev_device = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_dev);
-                if (!udev_device) {
-                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to detect root device.");
+                r = sd_device_new_from_devnum(&dev, 'b', st.st_dev);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to detect root device: %m");
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                device = udev_device_get_devnode(udev_device);
-                if (!device) {
-                        log_error("Failed to detect device node of root directory.");
+                r = sd_device_get_devname(dev, &device);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to detect device node of root directory: %m");
                         r = -ENXIO;
                         goto finish;
                 }
@@ -291,8 +284,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 root_directory = true;
         }
 
-        type = udev_device_get_property_value(udev_device, "ID_FS_TYPE");
-        if (type) {
+        r = sd_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_FS_TYPE", &type);
+        if (r >= 0) {
                 r = fsck_exists(type);
                 if (r == -ENOENT) {
                         log_info("fsck.%s doesn't exist, not checking file system on %s", type, device);

commit 9a97aaae3b35a6e7711acd2118249209bead6c54
Author: Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
Date:   Wed Apr 1 14:26:47 2015 +0200

    cryptsetup: port from libudev to sd-device

diff --git a/src/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.c b/src/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.c
index 9e0fef7..ba0ef72 100644
--- a/src/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.c
+++ b/src/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.c
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "ask-password-api.h"
-#include "libudev.h"
-#include "udev-util.h"
+#include "sd-device.h"
+#include "device-util.h"
 
 static const char *arg_type = NULL; /* CRYPT_LUKS1, CRYPT_TCRYPT or CRYPT_PLAIN */
 static char *arg_cipher = NULL;
@@ -224,10 +224,10 @@ static char* disk_description(const char *path) {
                 "ID_MODEL_FROM_DATABASE\0"
                 "ID_MODEL\0";
 
-        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
-        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *device = NULL;
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *device = NULL;
         struct stat st;
         const char *i;
+        int r;
 
         assert(path);
 
@@ -237,19 +237,15 @@ static char* disk_description(const char *path) {
         if (!S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))
                 return NULL;
 
-        udev = udev_new();
-        if (!udev)
-                return NULL;
-
-        device = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
-        if (!device)
+        r = sd_device_new_from_devnum(&device, 'b', st.st_rdev);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return NULL;
 
         NULSTR_FOREACH(i, name_fields) {
                 const char *name;
 
-                name = udev_device_get_property_value(device, i);
-                if (!isempty(name))
+                r = sd_device_get_property_value(device, i, &name);
+                if (r >= 0 && !isempty(name))
                         return strdup(name);
         }
 

commit 914d6c09f1a449c60c8495c179a8bbe012315ba2
Author: Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
Date:   Fri Dec 5 01:16:05 2014 +0100

    networkctl: port from libudev to sd-device

diff --git a/src/network/networkctl.c b/src/network/networkctl.c
index 4665318..9716499 100644
--- a/src/network/networkctl.c
+++ b/src/network/networkctl.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "sd-network.h"
 #include "sd-rtnl.h"
 #include "sd-hwdb.h"
-#include "libudev.h"
+#include "sd-device.h"
 
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "build.h"
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #include "pager.h"
 #include "lldp.h"
 #include "rtnl-util.h"
-#include "udev-util.h"
+#include "device-util.h"
 #include "hwdb-util.h"
 #include "arphrd-list.h"
 #include "local-addresses.h"
@@ -54,17 +54,20 @@ static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
         pager_open(false);
 }
 
-static int link_get_type_string(int iftype, struct udev_device *d, char **ret) {
+static int link_get_type_string(int iftype, sd_device *d, char **ret) {
         const char *t;
         char *p;
 
+        assert(ret);
+
         if (iftype == ARPHRD_ETHER && d) {
                 const char *devtype, *id = NULL;
                 /* WLANs have iftype ARPHRD_ETHER, but we want
                  * to show a more useful type string for
                  * them */
 
-                devtype = udev_device_get_devtype(d);
+                (void)sd_device_get_devtype(d, &devtype);
+
                 if (streq_ptr(devtype, "wlan"))
                         id = "wlan";
                 else if (streq_ptr(devtype, "wwan"))
@@ -189,7 +192,6 @@ static void setup_state_to_color(const char *state, const char **on, const char
 
 static int list_links(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
         _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *req = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
         _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
         _cleanup_free_ LinkInfo *links = NULL;
         int r, c, i;
@@ -200,10 +202,6 @@ static int list_links(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to netlink: %m");
 
-        udev = udev_new();
-        if (!udev)
-                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to connect to udev: %m");
-
         r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &req, RTM_GETLINK, 0);
         if (r < 0)
                 return rtnl_log_create_error(r);
@@ -225,7 +223,7 @@ static int list_links(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
 
         for (i = 0; i < c; i++) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *setup_state = NULL, *operational_state = NULL;
-                _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+                _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *d = NULL;
                 const char *on_color_operational, *off_color_operational,
                            *on_color_setup, *off_color_setup;
                  char devid[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
@@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ static int list_links(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
                 setup_state_to_color(setup_state, &on_color_setup, &off_color_setup);
 
                 sprintf(devid, "n%i", links[i].ifindex);
-                d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, devid);
+                (void)sd_device_new_from_device_id(&d, devid);
 
                 link_get_type_string(links[i].iftype, d, &t);
 
@@ -495,14 +493,12 @@ static void dump_list(const char *prefix, char **l) {
 
 static int link_status_one(
                 sd_rtnl *rtnl,
-                struct udev *udev,
                 sd_hwdb *hwdb,
                 const char *name) {
-
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dns = NULL, **ntp = NULL, **domains = NULL;
         _cleanup_free_ char *setup_state = NULL, *operational_state = NULL;
         _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *req = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *d = NULL;
         char devid[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
         _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *network = NULL;
         const char *driver = NULL, *path = NULL, *vendor = NULL, *model = NULL, *link = NULL;
@@ -517,7 +513,6 @@ static int link_status_one(
         uint32_t mtu;
 
         assert(rtnl);
-        assert(udev);
         assert(name);
 
         if (safe_atoi(name, &ifindex) >= 0 && ifindex > 0)
@@ -589,19 +584,21 @@ static int link_status_one(
         }
 
         sprintf(devid, "n%i", ifindex);
-        d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, devid);
+
+        (void)sd_device_new_from_device_id(&d, devid);
+
         if (d) {
-                link = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_NET_LINK_FILE");
-                driver = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_NET_DRIVER");
-                path = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_PATH");
+                (void)sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_NET_LINK_FILE", &link);
+                (void)sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_NET_DRIVER", &driver);
+                (void)sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_PATH", &path);
 
-                vendor = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE");
-                if (!vendor)
-                        vendor = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_VENDOR");
+                r = sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE", &vendor);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        (void)sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_VENDOR", &vendor);
 
-                model = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_MODEL_FROM_DATABASE");
-                if (!model)
-                        model = udev_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_MODEL");
+                r = sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_MODEL_FROM_DATABASE", &model);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        (void)sd_device_get_property_value(d, "ID_MODEL", &model);
         }
 
         link_get_type_string(iftype, d, &t);
@@ -668,7 +665,6 @@ static int link_status_one(
 
 static int link_status(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
         _cleanup_hwdb_unref_ sd_hwdb *hwdb = NULL;
-        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
         _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
         char **name;
         int r;
@@ -677,10 +673,6 @@ static int link_status(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to netlink: %m");
 
-        udev = udev_new();
-        if (!udev)
-                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to connect to udev: %m");
-
         r = sd_hwdb_new(&hwdb);
         if (r < 0)
                 log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to open hardware database: %m");
@@ -742,14 +734,14 @@ static int link_status(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
                         if (i > 0)
                                 fputc('\n', stdout);
 
-                        link_status_one(rtnl, udev, hwdb, links[i].name);
+                        link_status_one(rtnl, hwdb, links[i].name);
                 }
         } else {
                 STRV_FOREACH(name, argv + 1) {
                         if (name != argv + 1)
                                 fputc('\n', stdout);
 
-                        link_status_one(rtnl, udev, hwdb, *name);
+                        link_status_one(rtnl, hwdb, *name);
                 }
         }
 

commit 57fa1d094cd2c5ac68970526ad0a0754c548e75d
Author: Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
Date:   Wed Apr 1 13:50:31 2015 +0200

    libsystemd: add sd-device library
    
    This provides equivalent functionality to libudev-device, but in the
    systemd style. The public API only caters to creating sd_device objects
    from for devices that already exist in /sys, there is no support for
    listening for monitoring events or creating devices received over
    the udev netlink protocol.
    
    The private API contains the necessary functionality to make sd-device
    a drop-in replacement for libudev-device, but which we would not
    otherwise want to export.

diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 93fdbc2..9509247 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/libsystemd/sd-rtnl \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/libsystemd/sd-network \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/libsystemd/sd-hwdb \
+	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/libsystemd/sd-device \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/libsystemd-network \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/libsystemd-terminal \
 	$(OUR_CPPFLAGS)
@@ -2918,6 +2919,7 @@ libsystemd_internal_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/systemd/sd-path.h \
 	src/systemd/sd-network.h \
 	src/systemd/sd-hwdb.h \
+	src/systemd/sd-device.h \
 	src/libsystemd/sd-bus/sd-bus.c \
 	src/libsystemd/sd-bus/bus-control.c \
 	src/libsystemd/sd-bus/bus-control.h \
@@ -2981,7 +2983,12 @@ libsystemd_internal_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/libsystemd/sd-network/network-util.c \
 	src/libsystemd/sd-hwdb/sd-hwdb.c \
 	src/libsystemd/sd-hwdb/hwdb-util.h \
-	src/libsystemd/sd-hwdb/hwdb-internal.h
+	src/libsystemd/sd-hwdb/hwdb-intenal.h \
+	src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-internal.h \
+	src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-util.h \
+	src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c \
+	src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.c \
+	src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.h
 
 nodist_libsystemd_internal_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/libsystemd/libsystemd.sym
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-internal.h b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59ec1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2014 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "set.h"
+
+struct sd_device {
+        uint64_t n_ref;
+
+        sd_device *parent;
+        bool parent_set; /* no need to try to reload parent */
+
+        OrderedHashmap *properties;
+        Iterator properties_iterator;
+        uint64_t properties_generation; /* changes whenever the properties are changed */
+        uint64_t properties_iterator_generation; /* generation when iteration was started */
+
+        /* the subset of the properties that should be written to the db*/
+        OrderedHashmap *properties_db;
+
+        Hashmap *sysattr_values; /* cached sysattr values */
+
+        Set *sysattrs; /* names of sysattrs */
+        Iterator sysattrs_iterator;
+        bool sysattrs_read; /* don't try to re-read sysattrs once read */
+
+        Set *tags;
+        Iterator tags_iterator;
+        uint64_t tags_generation; /* changes whenever the tags are changed */
+        uint64_t tags_iterator_generation; /* generation when iteration was started */
+        bool property_tags_outdated; /* need to update TAGS= property */
+
+        Set *devlinks;
+        Iterator devlinks_iterator;
+        uint64_t devlinks_generation; /* changes whenever the devlinks are changed */
+        uint64_t devlinks_iterator_generation; /* generation when iteration was started */
+        bool property_devlinks_outdated; /* need to update DEVLINKS= property */
+        int devlink_priority;
+
+        char **properties_strv; /* the properties hashmap as a strv */
+        uint8_t *properties_nulstr; /* the same as a nulstr */
+        size_t properties_nulstr_len;
+        bool properties_buf_outdated; /* need to reread hashmap */
+
+        int watch_handle;
+
+        char *syspath;
+        const char *devpath;
+        const char *sysnum;
+        char *sysname;
+        bool sysname_set; /* don't reread sysname */
+
+        char *devtype;
+        int ifindex;
+        char *devname;
+        dev_t devnum;
+
+        char *subsystem;
+        bool subsystem_set; /* don't reread subsystem */
+        char *driver;
+        bool driver_set; /* don't reread driver */
+
+        char *id_filename;
+
+        bool is_initialized;
+        uint64_t usec_initialized;
+
+        mode_t devmode;
+        uid_t devuid;
+        gid_t devgid;
+
+        bool uevent_loaded; /* don't reread uevent */
+        bool db_loaded; /* don't reread db */
+
+        bool sealed; /* don't read more information from uevent/db */
+        bool db_persist; /* don't clean up the db when switching from initrd to real root */
+};
+
+typedef enum DeviceAction {
+        DEVICE_ACTION_ADD,
+        DEVICE_ACTION_REMOVE,
+        DEVICE_ACTION_CHANGE,
+        DEVICE_ACTION_MOVE,
+        DEVICE_ACTION_ONLINE,
+        DEVICE_ACTION_OFFLINE,
+        _DEVICE_ACTION_MAX,
+        _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID = -1,
+} DeviceAction;
+
+int device_new_aux(sd_device **ret);
+int device_add_property_aux(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char *value, bool db);
+int device_add_property_internal(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char *value);
+int device_read_uevent_file(sd_device *device);
+
+int device_set_syspath(sd_device *device, const char *_syspath, bool verify);
+int device_set_ifindex(sd_device *device, const char *ifindex);
+int device_set_devmode(sd_device *device, const char *devmode);
+int device_set_devname(sd_device *device, const char *_devname);
+int device_set_devtype(sd_device *device, const char *_devtype);
+int device_set_devnum(sd_device *device, const char *major, const char *minor);
+int device_set_subsystem(sd_device *device, const char *_subsystem);
+int device_set_driver(sd_device *device, const char *_driver);
+int device_set_usec_initialized(sd_device *device, const char *initialized);
+
+DeviceAction device_action_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+const char *device_action_to_string(DeviceAction a) _const_;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81b0b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1101 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2014 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "refcnt.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "strxcpyx.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+
+#include "sd-device.h"
+
+#include "device-util.h"
+#include "device-internal.h"
+#include "device-private.h"
+
+int device_add_property(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char *value) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(key);
+
+        r = device_add_property_aux(device, key, value, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (key[0] != '.') {
+                r = device_add_property_aux(device, key, value, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_add_property_internal_from_string(sd_device *device, const char *str) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL;
+        char *value;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(str);
+
+        key = strdup(str);
+        if (!key)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        value = strchr(key, '=');
+        if (!value)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *value = '\0';
+
+        if (isempty(++value))
+                value = NULL;
+
+        return device_add_property_internal(device, key, value);
+}
+
+static int handle_db_line(sd_device *device, char key, const char *value) {
+        char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(value);
+
+        switch (key) {
+        case 'S':
+                path = strjoina("/dev/", value);
+                r = device_add_devlink(device, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'L':
+                r = safe_atoi(value, &device->devlink_priority);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'E':
+                r = device_add_property_internal_from_string(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'G':
+                r = device_add_tag(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'W':
+                r = safe_atoi(value, &device->watch_handle);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'I':
+                r = device_set_usec_initialized(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        default:
+                log_debug("device db: unknown key '%c'", key);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void device_set_devlink_priority(sd_device *device, int priority) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        device->devlink_priority = priority;
+}
+
+void device_set_is_initialized(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        device->is_initialized = true;
+}
+
+int device_ensure_usec_initialized(sd_device *device, sd_device *device_old) {
+        char num[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t)];
+        usec_t usec_initialized;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        if (device_old && device_old->usec_initialized > 0)
+                usec_initialized = device_old->usec_initialized;
+        else
+                usec_initialized = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+        r = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), USEC_FMT, usec_initialized);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = device_set_usec_initialized(device, num);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_read_db(sd_device *device) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *db = NULL;
+        char *path;
+        const char *id, *value;
+        char key;
+        size_t db_len;
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        enum {
+                PRE_KEY,
+                KEY,
+                PRE_VALUE,
+                VALUE,
+                INVALID_LINE,
+        } state = PRE_KEY;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        if (device->db_loaded || device->sealed)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = device_get_id_filename(device, &id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina("/run/udev/data/", id);
+
+        r = read_full_file(path, &db, &db_len);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+                else {
+                        log_debug("sd-device: failed to read db '%s': %s", path, strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* devices with a database entry are initialized */
+        device_set_is_initialized(device);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < db_len; i++) {
+                switch (state) {
+                case PRE_KEY:
+                        if (!strchr(NEWLINE, db[i])) {
+                                key = db[i];
+
+                                state = KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                case KEY:
+                        if (db[i] != ':') {
+                                log_debug("sd-device: ignoring invalid db entry with key '%c'", key);
+
+                                state = INVALID_LINE;
+                        } else {
+                                db[i] = '\0';
+
+                                state = PRE_VALUE;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                case PRE_VALUE:
+                        value = &db[i];
+
+                        state = VALUE;
+
+                        break;
+                case INVALID_LINE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, db[i]))
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+
+                        break;
+                case VALUE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, db[i])) {
+                                db[i] = '\0';
+                                r = handle_db_line(device, key, value);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        log_debug("sd-device: failed to handle db entry '%c:%s': %s", key, value, strerror(-r));
+
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("invalid state when parsing db");
+                }
+        }
+
+        device->db_loaded = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+uint64_t device_get_properties_generation(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        return device->properties_generation;
+}
+
+uint64_t device_get_tags_generation(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        return device->tags_generation;
+}
+
+uint64_t device_get_devlinks_generation(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        return device->devlinks_generation;
+}
+
+int device_get_devnode_mode(sd_device *device, mode_t *mode) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(mode);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *mode = device->devmode;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_devnode_uid(sd_device *device, uid_t *uid) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(uid);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *uid = device->devuid;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_set_devuid(sd_device *device, const char *uid) {
+        unsigned u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(uid);
+
+        r = safe_atou(uid, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVUID", uid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->devuid = u;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_devnode_gid(sd_device *device, gid_t *gid) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(gid);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *gid = device->devgid;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_set_devgid(sd_device *device, const char *gid) {
+        unsigned g;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(gid);
+
+        r = safe_atou(gid, &g);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVGID", gid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->devgid = g;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_ammend(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char *value) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(value);
+
+        if (streq(key, "DEVPATH")) {
+                char *path;
+
+                path = strjoina("/sys", value);
+
+                /* the caller must verify or trust this data (e.g., if it comes from the kernel) */
+                r = device_set_syspath(device, path, false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set syspath to '%s': %m", path);
+        } else if (streq(key, "SUBSYSTEM")) {
+                r = device_set_subsystem(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set subsystem to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVTYPE")) {
+                r = device_set_devtype(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devtype to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVNAME")) {
+                r = device_set_devname(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devname to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "USEC_INITIALIZED")) {
+                r = device_set_usec_initialized(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set usec-initialized to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DRIVER")) {
+                r = device_set_driver(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set driver to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "IFINDEX")) {
+                r = device_set_ifindex(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set ifindex to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVMODE")) {
+                r = device_set_devmode(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devmode to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVUID")) {
+                r = device_set_devuid(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devuid to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVGID")) {
+                r = device_set_devgid(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devgid to '%s': %m", value);
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVLINKS")) {
+                char *devlinks, *next;
+
+                devlinks = strdupa(value);
+
+                while ((next = strchr(devlinks, ' '))) {
+                        next[0] = '\0';
+
+                        r = device_add_devlink(device, devlinks);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not add devlink '%s': %m", devlinks);
+
+                        devlinks = next + 1;
+                }
+        } else if (streq(key, "TAGS")) {
+                char *tags, *next;
+
+                tags = strdupa(value);
+
+                while ((next = strchr(tags, ':'))) {
+                        next[0] = '\0';
+
+                        r = device_add_tag(device, tags);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not add tag '%s': %m", tags);
+
+                        tags = next + 1;
+                }
+        } else {
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, key, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not add property '%s=%s': %m", key, value);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* const device_action_table[_DEVICE_ACTION_MAX] = {
+        [DEVICE_ACTION_ADD] = "add",
+        [DEVICE_ACTION_REMOVE] = "remove",
+        [DEVICE_ACTION_CHANGE] = "change",
+        [DEVICE_ACTION_MOVE] = "move",
+        [DEVICE_ACTION_ONLINE] = "online",
+        [DEVICE_ACTION_OFFLINE] = "offline",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(device_action, DeviceAction);
+
+static int device_append(sd_device *device, char *key, const char **_major, const char **_minor, uint64_t *_seqnum,
+                         DeviceAction *_action) {
+        DeviceAction action = _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID;
+        uint64_t seqnum = 0;
+        const char *major = NULL, *minor = NULL;
+        char *value;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(_major);
+        assert(_minor);
+        assert(_seqnum);
+        assert(_action);
+
+        value = strchr(key, '=');
+        if (!value) {
+                log_debug("sd-device: not a key-value pair: '%s'", key);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        *value = '\0';
+
+        value++;
+
+        if (streq(key, "MAJOR"))
+                major = value;
+        else if (streq(key, "MINOR"))
+                minor = value;
+        else {
+                if (streq(key, "ACTION")) {
+                        action = device_action_from_string(value);
+                        if (action == _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                } else if (streq(key, "SEQNUM")) {
+                        r = safe_atou64(value, &seqnum);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (seqnum == 0)
+                                 /* kernel only sends seqnum > 0 */
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = device_ammend(device, key, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (major != 0)
+                *_major = major;
+
+        if (minor != 0)
+                *_minor = minor;
+
+        if (action != _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID)
+                *_action = action;
+
+        if (seqnum > 0)
+                *_seqnum = seqnum;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void device_seal(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        device->sealed = true;
+}
+
+static int device_verify(sd_device *device, DeviceAction action, uint64_t seqnum) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        if (!device->devpath || !device->subsystem || action == _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID || seqnum == 0) {
+                log_debug("sd-device: device created from strv lacks devpath, subsystem, action or seqnum");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        device->sealed = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_new_from_strv(sd_device **ret, char **strv) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *device = NULL;
+        char **key;
+        const char *major = NULL, *minor = NULL;
+        DeviceAction action = _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID;
+        uint64_t seqnum;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(strv);
+
+        r = device_new_aux(&device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(key, strv) {
+                r = device_append(device, *key, &major, &minor, &seqnum, &action);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (major) {
+                r = device_set_devnum(device, major, minor);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devnum %s:%s: %m", major, minor);
+        }
+
+        r = device_verify(device, action, seqnum);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = device;
+        device = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_new_from_nulstr(sd_device **ret, uint8_t *nulstr, size_t len) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *device = NULL;
+        const char *major = NULL, *minor = NULL;
+        DeviceAction action = _DEVICE_ACTION_INVALID;
+        uint64_t seqnum;
+        unsigned i = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(nulstr);
+        assert(len);
+
+        r = device_new_aux(&device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        while (i < len) {
+                char *key;
+                const char *end;
+
+                key = (char*)&nulstr[i];
+                end = memchr(key, '\0', len - i);
+                if (!end) {
+                        log_debug("sd-device: failed to parse nulstr");
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+                i += end - key + 1;
+
+                r = device_append(device, key, &major, &minor, &seqnum, &action);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (major) {
+                r = device_set_devnum(device, major, minor);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "sd-device: could not set devnum %s:%s: %m", major, minor);
+        }
+
+        r = device_verify(device, action, seqnum);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = device;
+        device = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_update_properties_bufs(sd_device *device) {
+        const char *val, *prop;
+        char **buf_strv = NULL;
+        uint8_t *buf_nulstr = NULL;
+        size_t allocated_nulstr = 0, allocated_strv = 0;
+        size_t nulstr_len = 0, strv_size = 0;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        FOREACH_DEVICE_PROPERTY(device, prop, val) {
+                size_t len = 0;
+
+                len = strlen(prop) + 1 + strlen(val);
+
+                buf_nulstr = GREEDY_REALLOC0(buf_nulstr, allocated_nulstr, nulstr_len + len + 2);
+                if (!buf_nulstr)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                buf_strv = GREEDY_REALLOC0(buf_strv, allocated_strv, strv_size + 2);
+                if (!buf_strv)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                buf_strv[++ strv_size] = (char *)&buf_nulstr[nulstr_len];
+                strscpyl((char *)buf_nulstr + nulstr_len, len + 1, prop, "=", val, NULL);
+                nulstr_len += len + 1;
+        }
+
+        free(device->properties_nulstr);
+        free(device->properties_strv);
+        device->properties_nulstr = buf_nulstr;
+        device->properties_nulstr_len = nulstr_len;
+        device->properties_strv = buf_strv;
+
+        device->properties_buf_outdated = false;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_properties_nulstr(sd_device *device, const uint8_t **nulstr, size_t *len) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(nulstr);
+        assert(len);
+
+        if (device->properties_buf_outdated) {
+                r = device_update_properties_bufs(device);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *nulstr = device->properties_nulstr;
+        *len = device->properties_nulstr_len;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_properties_strv(sd_device *device, char ***strv) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(strv);
+
+        r = device_update_properties_bufs(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *strv = device->properties_strv;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_devlink_priority(sd_device *device, int *priority) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(priority);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *priority = device->devlink_priority;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_watch_handle(sd_device *device, int *handle) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(handle);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *handle = device->watch_handle;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void device_set_watch_handle(sd_device *device, int handle) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        device->watch_handle = handle;
+}
+
+int device_rename(sd_device *device, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dirname = NULL;
+        char *new_syspath;
+        const char *interface;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(name);
+
+        dirname = dirname_malloc(device->syspath);
+        if (!dirname)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        new_syspath = strjoina(dirname, "/", name);
+
+        /* the user must trust that the new name is correct */
+        r = device_set_syspath(device, new_syspath, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_device_get_property_value(device, "INTERFACE", &interface);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, "INTERFACE", name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* like DEVPATH_OLD, INTERFACE_OLD is not saved to the db, but only stays around for the current event */
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, "INTERFACE_OLD", interface);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_shallow_clone(sd_device *old_device, sd_device **new_device) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *ret = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(old_device);
+        assert(new_device);
+
+        r = device_new_aux(&ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_set_syspath(ret, old_device->syspath, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_set_subsystem(ret, old_device->subsystem);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        ret->devnum = old_device->devnum;
+
+        *new_device = ret;
+        ret = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_clone_with_db(sd_device *old_device, sd_device **new_device) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *ret = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(old_device);
+        assert(new_device);
+
+        r = device_shallow_clone(old_device, &ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_read_db(ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        ret->sealed = true;
+
+        *new_device = ret;
+        ret = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_new_from_synthetic_event(sd_device **new_device, const char *syspath, const char *action) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *ret = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(new_device);
+        assert(syspath);
+        assert(action);
+
+        r = sd_device_new_from_syspath(&ret, syspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_read_uevent_file(ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(ret, "ACTION", action);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *new_device = ret;
+        ret = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_copy_properties(sd_device *device_dst, sd_device *device_src) {
+        const char *property, *value;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device_dst);
+        assert(device_src);
+
+        FOREACH_DEVICE_PROPERTY(device_src, property, value) {
+                r = device_add_property(device_dst, property, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void device_cleanup_tags(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        set_free_free(device->tags);
+        device->tags = NULL;
+        device->property_tags_outdated = true;
+        device->tags_generation ++;
+}
+
+void device_cleanup_devlinks(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        set_free_free(device->devlinks);
+        device->devlinks = NULL;
+        device->property_devlinks_outdated = true;
+        device->devlinks_generation ++;
+}
+
+void device_remove_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag) {
+        assert(device);
+        assert(tag);
+
+        free(set_remove(device->tags, tag));
+        device->property_tags_outdated = true;
+        device->tags_generation ++;
+}
+
+static int device_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag, bool add) {
+        const char *id;
+        char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(tag);
+
+        r = device_get_id_filename(device, &id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina("/run/udev/tags/", tag, "/", id);
+
+        if (add) {
+                r = touch_file(path, true, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0444);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else {
+                r = unlink(path);
+                if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_tag_index(sd_device *device, sd_device *device_old, bool add) {
+        const char *tag;
+        int r = 0, k;
+
+        if (add && device_old) {
+                /* delete possible left-over tags */
+                FOREACH_DEVICE_TAG(device_old, tag) {
+                        if (!sd_device_has_tag(device, tag)) {
+                                k = device_tag(device_old, tag, false);
+                                if (r >= 0 && k < 0)
+                                        r = k;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_DEVICE_TAG(device, tag) {
+                k = device_tag(device, tag, add);
+                if (r >= 0 && k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static bool device_has_info(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        if (!set_isempty(device->devlinks))
+                return true;
+
+        if (device->devlink_priority != 0)
+                return true;
+
+        if (!ordered_hashmap_isempty(device->properties_db))
+                return true;
+
+        if (!set_isempty(device->tags))
+                return true;
+
+        if (device->watch_handle >= 0)
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+void device_set_db_persist(sd_device *device) {
+        assert(device);
+
+        device->db_persist = true;
+}
+
+int device_update_db(sd_device *device) {
+        const char *id;
+        char *path;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path_tmp = NULL;
+        bool has_info;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        has_info = device_has_info(device);
+
+        r = device_get_id_filename(device, &id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina("/run/udev/data/", id);
+
+        /* do not store anything for otherwise empty devices */
+        if (!has_info && major(device->devnum) == 0 && device->ifindex == 0) {
+                r = unlink(path);
+                if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* write a database file */
+        r = mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = fopen_temporary(path, &f, &path_tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /*
+         * set 'sticky' bit to indicate that we should not clean the
+         * database when we transition from initramfs to the real root
+         */
+        if (device->db_persist) {
+                r = fchmod(fileno(f), 01644);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+        } else {
+                r = fchmod(fileno(f), 0644);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (has_info) {
+                const char *property, *value, *tag;
+                Iterator i;
+
+                if (major(device->devnum) > 0) {
+                        const char *devlink;
+
+                        FOREACH_DEVICE_DEVLINK(device, devlink)
+                                fprintf(f, "S:%s\n", devlink + strlen("/dev/"));
+
+                        if (device->devlink_priority != 0)
+                                fprintf(f, "L:%i\n", device->devlink_priority);
+
+                        if (device->watch_handle >= 0)
+                                fprintf(f, "W:%i\n", device->watch_handle);
+                }
+
+                if (device->usec_initialized > 0)
+                        fprintf(f, "I:"USEC_FMT"\n", device->usec_initialized);
+
+                ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(value, property, device->properties_db, i)
+                        fprintf(f, "E:%s=%s\n", property, value);
+
+                FOREACH_DEVICE_TAG(device, tag)
+                        fprintf(f, "G:%s\n", tag);
+        }
+
+        r = fflush_and_check(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        r = rename(path_tmp, path);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                r = -errno;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("created %s file '%s' for '%s'", has_info ? "db" : "empty",
+                  path, device->devpath);
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        log_error_errno(r, "failed to create %s file '%s' for '%s'", has_info ? "db" : "empty",
+                        path, device->devpath);
+        unlink(path);
+        unlink(path_tmp);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int device_delete_db(sd_device *device) {
+        const char *id;
+        char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        r = device_get_id_filename(device, &id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina("/run/udev/data/", id);
+
+        r = unlink(path);
+        if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.h b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c6219c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-private.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2014 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+int device_new_from_nulstr(sd_device **ret, uint8_t *nulstr, size_t len);
+int device_new_from_strv(sd_device **ret, char **strv);
+
+int device_get_id_filename(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+
+int device_get_devlink_priority(sd_device *device, int *priority);
+int device_get_watch_handle(sd_device *device, int *handle);
+int device_get_devnode_mode(sd_device *device, mode_t *mode);
+int device_get_devnode_uid(sd_device *device, uid_t *uid);
+int device_get_devnode_gid(sd_device *device, gid_t *gid);
+
+void device_seal(sd_device *device);
+void device_set_is_initialized(sd_device *device);
+void device_set_watch_handle(sd_device *device, int fd);
+void device_set_db_persist(sd_device *device);
+void device_set_devlink_priority(sd_device *device, int priority);
+int device_ensure_usec_initialized(sd_device *devcie, sd_device *device_old);
+int device_add_devlink(sd_device *device, const char *devlink);
+int device_add_property(sd_device *device, const char *property, const char *value);
+int device_add_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag);
+void device_remove_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag);
+void device_cleanup_tags(sd_device *device);
+void device_cleanup_devlinks(sd_device *device);
+
+uint64_t device_get_properties_generation(sd_device *device);
+uint64_t device_get_tags_generation(sd_device *device);
+uint64_t device_get_devlinks_generation(sd_device *device);
+
+int device_get_properties_nulstr(sd_device *device, const uint8_t **nulstr, size_t *len);
+int device_get_properties_strv(sd_device *device, char ***strv);
+
+int device_rename(sd_device *device, const char *name);
+int device_shallow_clone(sd_device *old_device, sd_device **new_device);
+int device_clone_with_db(sd_device *old_device, sd_device **new_device);
+int device_copy_properties(sd_device *device_dst, sd_device *device_src);
+int device_new_from_synthetic_event(sd_device **new_device, const char *syspath, const char *action);
+
+int device_tag_index(sd_device *dev, sd_device *dev_old, bool add);
+int device_update_db(sd_device *device);
+int device_delete_db(sd_device *device);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-util.h b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfbb328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/device-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2014 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(sd_device*, sd_device_unref);
+
+#define _cleanup_device_unref_ _cleanup_(sd_device_unrefp)
+
+#define FOREACH_DEVICE_PROPERTY(device, key, value)                \
+        for (key = sd_device_get_property_first(device, &(value)); \
+             key;                                                  \
+             key = sd_device_get_property_next(device, &(value)))
+
+#define FOREACH_DEVICE_TAG(device, tag)             \
+        for (tag = sd_device_get_tag_first(device); \
+             tag;                                   \
+             tag = sd_device_get_tag_next(device))
+
+#define FOREACH_DEVICE_SYSATTR(device, attr)             \
+        for (attr = sd_device_get_sysattr_first(device); \
+             attr;                                       \
+             attr = sd_device_get_sysattr_next(device))
+
+#define FOREACH_DEVICE_DEVLINK(device, devlink)             \
+        for (devlink = sd_device_get_devlink_first(device); \
+             devlink;                                   \
+             devlink = sd_device_get_devlink_next(device))
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da1052c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-device/sd-device.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1812 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2014 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "strxcpyx.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+#include "sd-device.h"
+
+#include "device-util.h"
+#include "device-private.h"
+#include "device-internal.h"
+
+int device_new_aux(sd_device **ret) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *device = NULL;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        device = new0(sd_device, 1);
+        if (!device)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        device->n_ref = 1;
+        device->watch_handle = -1;
+
+        *ret = device;
+        device = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ sd_device *sd_device_ref(sd_device *device) {
+        if (device)
+                assert_se(++ device->n_ref >= 2);
+
+        return device;
+}
+
+_public_ sd_device *sd_device_unref(sd_device *device) {
+        if (device && -- device->n_ref == 0) {
+                sd_device_unref(device->parent);
+                free(device->syspath);
+                free(device->sysname);
+                free(device->devtype);
+                free(device->devname);
+                free(device->subsystem);
+                free(device->driver);
+                free(device->id_filename);
+                free(device->properties_strv);
+                free(device->properties_nulstr);
+
+                ordered_hashmap_free_free_free(device->properties);
+                ordered_hashmap_free_free_free(device->properties_db);
+                hashmap_free_free_free(device->sysattr_values);
+                set_free_free(device->sysattrs);
+                set_free_free(device->tags);
+                set_free_free(device->devlinks);
+
+                free(device);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int device_add_property_aux(sd_device *device, const char *_key, const char *_value, bool db) {
+        OrderedHashmap **properties;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_key);
+
+        if (db)
+                properties = &device->properties_db;
+        else
+                properties = &device->properties;
+
+        if (_value) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL, *value = NULL, *old_key = NULL, *old_value = NULL;
+                int r;
+
+                r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(properties, &string_hash_ops);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                key = strdup(_key);
+                if (!key)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                value = strdup(_value);
+                if (!value)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                old_value = ordered_hashmap_get2(*properties, key, (void**) &old_key);
+
+                r = ordered_hashmap_replace(*properties, key, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                key = NULL;
+                value = NULL;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+
+                value = ordered_hashmap_remove2(*properties, _key, (void**) &key);
+        }
+
+        if (!db) {
+                device->properties_generation ++;
+                device->properties_buf_outdated = true;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_add_property_internal(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char *value) {
+        return device_add_property_aux(device, key, value, false);
+}
+
+int device_set_syspath(sd_device *device, const char *_syspath, bool verify) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *syspath = NULL;
+        const char *devpath;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_syspath);
+
+        /* must be a subdirectory of /sys */
+        if (!path_startswith(_syspath, "/sys/")) {
+                log_debug("sd-device: syspath '%s' is not a subdirectory of /sys", _syspath);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (verify) {
+                r = readlink_and_canonicalize(_syspath, &syspath);
+                if (r == -EINVAL) {
+                        /* not a symlink */
+                        syspath = canonicalize_file_name(_syspath);
+                        if (!syspath) {
+                                log_debug("sd-device: could not canonicalize '%s': %m", _syspath);
+                                return -errno;
+                        }
+                /* ignore errors due to the link not being a symlink */
+                } else if (r < 0 && r != -EINVAL) {
+                        log_debug("sd-device: could not get target of '%s': %s", _syspath, strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                if (path_startswith(syspath,  "/sys/devices/")) {
+                        char *path;
+
+                        /* all 'devices' require an 'uevent' file */
+                        path = strjoina(syspath, "/uevent");
+                        r = access(path, F_OK);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_debug("sd-device: %s does not have an uevent file: %m", syspath);
+                                return -errno;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        /* everything else just just needs to be a directory */
+                        if (!is_dir(syspath, false)) {
+                                log_debug("sd-device: %s is not a directory", syspath);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                }
+        } else {
+                syspath = strdup(_syspath);
+                if (!syspath)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        devpath = syspath + strlen("/sys");
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVPATH", devpath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free(device->syspath);
+        device->syspath = syspath;
+        syspath = NULL;
+
+        device->devpath = devpath;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_new_from_syspath(sd_device **ret, const char *syspath) {
+        _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *device = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(syspath, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_new_aux(&device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_set_syspath(device, syspath, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = device;
+        device = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_new_from_devnum(sd_device **ret, char type, dev_t devnum) {
+        char *syspath;
+        char id[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) * 2 + 1];
+
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(type == 'b' || type == 'c', -EINVAL);
+
+        /* use /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min> link */
+        snprintf(id, sizeof(id), "%u:%u", major(devnum), minor(devnum));
+
+        syspath = strjoina("/sys/dev/", (type == 'b' ? "block" : "char"), "/", id);
+
+        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(sd_device **ret, const char *subsystem, const char *sysname) {
+        char *syspath;
+
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(subsystem, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(sysname, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (streq(subsystem, "subsystem")) {
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/subsystem/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/bus/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/class/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+        } else  if (streq(subsystem, "module")) {
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/module/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+        } else if (streq(subsystem, "drivers")) {
+                char subsys[PATH_MAX];
+                char *driver;
+
+                strscpy(subsys, sizeof(subsys), sysname);
+                driver = strchr(subsys, ':');
+                if (driver) {
+                        driver[0] = '\0';
+                        driver++;
+
+                        syspath = strjoina("/sys/subsystem/", subsys, "/drivers/", driver);
+                        if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                                return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+
+                        syspath = strjoina("/sys/bus/", subsys, "/drivers/", driver);
+                        if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                                return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+                } else
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        } else {
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/subsystem/", subsystem, "/devices/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/bus/", subsystem, "/devices/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+
+                syspath = strjoina("/sys/class/", subsystem, "/", sysname);
+                if (access(syspath, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, syspath);
+        }
+
+        return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+int device_set_devtype(sd_device *device, const char *_devtype) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *devtype = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_devtype);
+
+        devtype = strdup(_devtype);
+        if (!devtype)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVTYPE", devtype);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free(device->devtype);
+        device->devtype = devtype;
+        devtype = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_set_ifindex(sd_device *device, const char *_ifindex) {
+        int ifindex, r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_ifindex);
+
+        r = safe_atoi(_ifindex, &ifindex);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ifindex <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "IFINDEX", _ifindex);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->ifindex = ifindex;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_set_devname(sd_device *device, const char *_devname) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *devname = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_devname);
+
+        if (_devname[0] != '/') {
+                r = asprintf(&devname, "/dev/%s", _devname);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else {
+                devname = strdup(_devname);
+                if (!devname)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVNAME", devname);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free(device->devname);
+        device->devname = devname;
+        devname = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_set_devmode(sd_device *device, const char *_devmode) {
+        unsigned devmode;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_devmode);
+
+        r = safe_atou(_devmode, &devmode);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (devmode > 07777)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVMODE", _devmode);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->devmode = devmode;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_set_devnum(sd_device *device, const char *major, const char *minor) {
+        unsigned maj = 0, min = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(major);
+
+        r = safe_atou(major, &maj);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!maj)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (minor) {
+                r = safe_atou(minor, &min);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "MAJOR", major);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (minor) {
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, "MINOR", minor);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        device->devnum = makedev(maj, min);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_uevent_line(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char *value, const char **major, const char **minor) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(value);
+        assert(major);
+        assert(minor);
+
+        if (streq(key, "DEVTYPE")) {
+                r = device_set_devtype(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "IFINDEX")) {
+                r = device_set_ifindex(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVNAME")) {
+                r = device_set_devname(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "DEVMODE")) {
+                r = device_set_devmode(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "MAJOR"))
+                *major = value;
+        else if (streq(key, "MINOR"))
+                *minor = value;
+        else {
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, key, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_read_uevent_file(sd_device *device) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *uevent = NULL;
+        const char *syspath, *key, *value, *major = NULL, *minor = NULL;
+        char *path;
+        size_t uevent_len;
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        enum {
+                PRE_KEY,
+                KEY,
+                PRE_VALUE,
+                VALUE,
+                INVALID_LINE,
+        } state = PRE_KEY;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        if (device->uevent_loaded || device->sealed)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_device_get_syspath(device, &syspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina(syspath, "/uevent");
+
+        r = read_full_file(path, &uevent, &uevent_len);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug("sd-device: failed to read uevent file '%s': %s", path, strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < uevent_len; i++) {
+                switch (state) {
+                case PRE_KEY:
+                        if (!strchr(NEWLINE, uevent[i])) {
+                                key = &uevent[i];
+
+                                state = KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                case KEY:
+                        if (uevent[i] == '=') {
+                                uevent[i] = '\0';
+
+                                state = PRE_VALUE;
+                        } else if (strchr(NEWLINE, uevent[i])) {
+                                uevent[i] = '\0';
+                                log_debug("sd-device: ignoring invalid uevent line '%s'", key);
+
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                case PRE_VALUE:
+                        value = &uevent[i];
+
+                        state = VALUE;
+
+                        break;
+                case VALUE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, uevent[i])) {
+                                uevent[i] = '\0';
+
+                                r = handle_uevent_line(device, key, value, &major, &minor);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        log_debug("sd-device: failed to handle uevent entry '%s=%s': %s", key, value, strerror(-r));
+
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("invalid state when parsing uevent file");
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (major) {
+                r = device_set_devnum(device, major, minor);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug("sd-device: could not set 'MAJOR=%s' or 'MINOR=%s' from '%s': %s", major, minor, path, strerror(-r));
+        }
+
+        device->uevent_loaded = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_ifindex(sd_device *device, int *ifindex) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(ifindex, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_read_uevent_file(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ifindex = device->ifindex;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_new_from_device_id(sd_device **ret, const char *id) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(id, -EINVAL);
+
+        switch (id[0]) {
+        case 'b':
+        case 'c':
+        {
+                char type;
+                int maj, min;
+
+                r = sscanf(id, "%c%i:%i", &type, &maj, &min);
+                if (r != 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                return sd_device_new_from_devnum(ret, type, makedev(maj, min));
+        }
+        case 'n':
+        {
+                _cleanup_device_unref_ sd_device *device = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int sk = -1;
+                struct ifreq ifr = {};
+                int ifindex;
+
+                r = safe_atoi(&id[1], &ifr.ifr_ifindex);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (ifr.ifr_ifindex <= 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                sk = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+                if (sk < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = ioctl(sk, SIOCGIFNAME, &ifr);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = sd_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(&device, "net", ifr.ifr_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_device_get_ifindex(device, &ifindex);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* this si racey, so we might end up with the wrong device */
+                if (ifr.ifr_ifindex != ifindex)
+                        return -ENODEV;
+
+                *ret = device;
+                device = NULL;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+        case '+':
+        {
+                char subsys[PATH_MAX];
+                char *sysname;
+
+                (void)strscpy(subsys, sizeof(subsys), id + 1);
+                sysname = strchr(subsys, ':');
+                if (!sysname)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                sysname[0] = '\0';
+                sysname ++;
+
+                return sd_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(ret, subsys, sysname);
+        }
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_syspath(sd_device *device, const char **ret) {
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+
+        assert(path_startswith(device->syspath, "/sys/"));
+
+        *ret = device->syspath;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_new_from_child(sd_device **ret, sd_device *child) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        const char *subdir, *syspath;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(child);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_syspath(child, &syspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strdup(syspath);
+        if (!path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        subdir = path + strlen("/sys");
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *pos;
+
+                pos = strrchr(subdir, '/');
+                if (!pos || pos < subdir + 2)
+                        break;
+
+                *pos = '\0';
+
+                r = sd_device_new_from_syspath(ret, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_parent(sd_device *child, sd_device **ret) {
+
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(child, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (!child->parent_set) {
+                child->parent_set = true;
+
+                (void)device_new_from_child(&child->parent, child);
+        }
+
+        if (!child->parent)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *ret = child->parent;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_set_subsystem(sd_device *device, const char *_subsystem) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *subsystem = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_subsystem);
+
+        subsystem = strdup(_subsystem);
+        if (!subsystem)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "SUBSYSTEM", subsystem);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free(device->subsystem);
+        device->subsystem = subsystem;
+        subsystem = NULL;
+
+        device->subsystem_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_subsystem(sd_device *device, const char **ret) {
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (!device->subsystem_set) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *subsystem = NULL;
+                const char *syspath;
+                char *path;
+                int r;
+
+                /* read 'subsystem' link */
+                r = sd_device_get_syspath(device, &syspath);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                path = strjoina(syspath, "/subsystem");
+                r = readlink_value(path, &subsystem);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        r = device_set_subsystem(device, subsystem);
+                /* use implicit names */
+                else if (path_startswith(device->devpath, "/module/"))
+                        r = device_set_subsystem(device, "module");
+                else if (strstr(device->devpath, "/drivers/"))
+                        r = device_set_subsystem(device, "drivers");
+                else if (path_startswith(device->devpath, "/subsystem/") ||
+                         path_startswith(device->devpath, "/class/") ||
+                         path_startswith(device->devpath, "/buss/"))
+                        r = device_set_subsystem(device, "subsystem");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                device->subsystem_set = true;
+        }
+
+        *ret = device->subsystem;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_devtype(sd_device *device, const char **devtype) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(devtype);
+        assert(device);
+
+        r = device_read_uevent_file(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *devtype = device->devtype;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype(sd_device *child, const char *subsystem, const char *devtype, sd_device **ret) {
+        sd_device *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(child, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(subsystem, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = sd_device_get_parent(child, &parent);
+        while (r >= 0) {
+                const char *parent_subsystem = NULL;
+                const char *parent_devtype = NULL;
+
+                (void)sd_device_get_subsystem(parent, &parent_subsystem);
+                if (streq_ptr(parent_subsystem, subsystem)) {
+                        if (!devtype)
+                                break;
+
+                        (void)sd_device_get_devtype(parent, &parent_devtype);
+                        if (streq_ptr(parent_devtype, devtype))
+                                break;
+                }
+                r = sd_device_get_parent(parent, &parent);
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = parent;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_devnum(sd_device *device, dev_t *devnum) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(devnum, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_read_uevent_file(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *devnum = device->devnum;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_set_driver(sd_device *device, const char *_driver) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *driver = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_driver);
+
+        driver = strdup(_driver);
+        if (!driver)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DRIVER", driver);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free(device->driver);
+        device->driver = driver;
+        driver = NULL;
+
+        device->driver_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_driver(sd_device *device, const char **ret) {
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (!device->driver_set) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *driver = NULL;
+                const char *syspath;
+                char *path;
+                int r;
+
+                r = sd_device_get_syspath(device, &syspath);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                path = strjoina(syspath, "/driver");
+                r = readlink_value(path, &driver);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        r = device_set_driver(device, driver);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = device->driver;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_devpath(sd_device *device, const char **devpath) {
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(devpath, -EINVAL);
+
+        assert(device->devpath);
+        assert(device->devpath[0] == '/');
+
+        *devpath = device->devpath;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_devname(sd_device *device, const char **devname) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(devname, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_read_uevent_file(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!device->devname)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        assert(path_startswith(device->devname, "/dev/"));
+
+        *devname = device->devname;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_set_sysname(sd_device *device) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *sysname = NULL;
+        const char *sysnum;
+        const char *pos;
+        size_t len = 0;
+
+        pos = strrchr(device->devpath, '/');
+        if (!pos)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        pos ++;
+
+        /* devpath is not a root directory */
+        if (*pos == '\0' || pos <= device->devpath)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        sysname = strdup(pos);
+        if (!sysname)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* some devices have '!' in their name, change that to '/' */
+        while (sysname[len] != '\0') {
+                if (sysname[len] == '!')
+                        sysname[len] = '/';
+
+                len ++;
+        }
+
+        /* trailing number */
+        while (len > 0 && isdigit(sysname[--len]))
+                sysnum = &sysname[len];
+
+        if (len == 0)
+                sysnum = NULL;
+
+        free(device->sysname);
+        device->sysname = sysname;
+        sysname = NULL;
+
+        device->sysnum = sysnum;
+
+        device->sysname_set = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_sysname(sd_device *device, const char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (!device->sysname_set) {
+                r = device_set_sysname(device);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = device->sysname;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_sysnum(sd_device *device, const char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(ret, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (!device->sysname_set) {
+                r = device_set_sysname(device);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = device->sysnum;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool is_valid_tag(const char *tag) {
+        assert(tag);
+
+        return !strchr(tag, ':') && !strchr(tag, ' ');
+}
+
+int device_add_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(tag);
+
+        if (!is_valid_tag(tag))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&device->tags, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = set_put_strdup(device->tags, tag);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->tags_generation ++;
+        device->property_tags_outdated = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_add_devlink(sd_device *device, const char *devlink) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(devlink);
+
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&device->devlinks, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = set_put_strdup(device->devlinks, devlink);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->devlinks_generation ++;
+        device->property_devlinks_outdated = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_add_property_internal_from_string(sd_device *device, const char *str) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL;
+        char *value;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(str);
+
+        key = strdup(str);
+        if (!key)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        value = strchr(key, '=');
+        if (!value)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *value = '\0';
+
+        if (isempty(++value))
+                value = NULL;
+
+        return device_add_property_internal(device, key, value);
+}
+
+int device_set_usec_initialized(sd_device *device, const char *initialized) {
+        uint64_t usec_initialized;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(initialized);
+
+        r = safe_atou64(initialized, &usec_initialized);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_add_property_internal(device, "USEC_INITIALIZED", initialized);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        device->usec_initialized = usec_initialized;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_db_line(sd_device *device, char key, const char *value) {
+        char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(value);
+
+        switch (key) {
+        case 'G':
+                r = device_add_tag(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'S':
+                path = strjoina("/dev/", value);
+                r = device_add_devlink(device, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'E':
+                r = device_add_property_internal_from_string(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'I':
+                r = device_set_usec_initialized(device, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'L':
+                r = safe_atoi(value, &device->devlink_priority);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        case 'W':
+                r = safe_atoi(value, &device->watch_handle);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+        default:
+                log_debug("device db: unknown key '%c'", key);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_get_id_filename(sd_device *device, const char **ret) {
+        assert(device);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!device->id_filename) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *id = NULL;
+                const char *subsystem;
+                dev_t devnum;
+                int ifindex, r;
+
+                r = sd_device_get_subsystem(device, &subsystem);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_device_get_devnum(device, &devnum);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_device_get_ifindex(device, &ifindex);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (major(devnum) > 0) {
+                        /* use dev_t -- b259:131072, c254:0 */
+                        r = asprintf(&id, "%c%u:%u",
+                                     streq(subsystem, "block") ? 'b' : 'c',
+                                     major(devnum), minor(devnum));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                } else if (ifindex > 0) {
+                        /* use netdev ifindex -- n3 */
+                        r = asprintf(&id, "n%u", ifindex);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                } else {
+                        /* use $subsys:$sysname -- pci:0000:00:1f.2
+                         * sysname() has '!' translated, get it from devpath
+                         */
+                        const char *sysname;
+
+                        sysname = basename(device->devpath);
+                        if (!sysname)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        r = asprintf(&id, "+%s:%s", subsystem, sysname);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                }
+
+                device->id_filename = id;
+                id = NULL;
+        }
+
+        *ret = device->id_filename;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_read_db(sd_device *device) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *db = NULL;
+        char *path;
+        const char *id, *value;
+        char key;
+        size_t db_len;
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        enum {
+                PRE_KEY,
+                KEY,
+                PRE_VALUE,
+                VALUE,
+                INVALID_LINE,
+        } state = PRE_KEY;
+
+        if (device->db_loaded || device->sealed)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = device_get_id_filename(device, &id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina("/run/udev/data/", id);
+
+        r = read_full_file(path, &db, &db_len);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+                else {
+                        log_debug("sd-device: failed to read db '%s': %s", path, strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* devices with a database entry are initialized */
+        device->is_initialized = true;;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < db_len; i++) {
+                switch (state) {
+                case PRE_KEY:
+                        if (!strchr(NEWLINE, db[i])) {
+                                key = db[i];
+
+                                state = KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                case KEY:
+                        if (db[i] != ':') {
+                                log_debug("sd-device: ignoring invalid db entry with key '%c'", key);
+
+                                state = INVALID_LINE;
+                        } else {
+                                db[i] = '\0';
+
+                                state = PRE_VALUE;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                case PRE_VALUE:
+                        value = &db[i];
+
+                        state = VALUE;
+
+                        break;
+                case INVALID_LINE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, db[i]))
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+
+                        break;
+                case VALUE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, db[i])) {
+                                db[i] = '\0';
+                                r = handle_db_line(device, key, value);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        log_debug("sd-device: failed to handle db entry '%c:%s': %s", key, value, strerror(-r));
+
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("invalid state when parsing db");
+                }
+        }
+
+        device->db_loaded = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_is_initialized(sd_device *device, int *initialized) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(initialized, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *initialized = device->is_initialized;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_usec_since_initialized(sd_device *device, uint64_t *usec) {
+        usec_t now_ts;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(usec, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!device->is_initialized)
+                return -EBUSY;
+
+        if (!device->usec_initialized)
+                return -ENODATA;
+
+        now_ts = now(clock_boottime_or_monotonic());
+
+        if (now_ts < device->usec_initialized)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *usec = now_ts - device->usec_initialized;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_tag_first(sd_device *device) {
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        (void) device_read_db(device);
+
+        device->tags_iterator_generation = device->tags_generation;
+        device->tags_iterator = ITERATOR_FIRST;
+
+        return set_iterate(device->tags, &device->tags_iterator);
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_tag_next(sd_device *device) {
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        (void) device_read_db(device);
+
+        if (device->tags_iterator_generation != device->tags_generation)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return set_iterate(device->tags, &device->tags_iterator);
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_devlink_first(sd_device *device) {
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        (void) device_read_db(device);
+
+        device->devlinks_iterator_generation = device->devlinks_generation;
+        device->devlinks_iterator = ITERATOR_FIRST;
+
+        return set_iterate(device->devlinks, &device->devlinks_iterator);
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_devlink_next(sd_device *device) {
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        (void) device_read_db(device);
+
+        if (device->devlinks_iterator_generation != device->devlinks_generation)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return set_iterate(device->devlinks, &device->devlinks_iterator);
+}
+
+static int device_properties_prepare(sd_device *device) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        r = device_read_uevent_file(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_read_db(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (device->property_devlinks_outdated) {
+                char *devlinks = NULL;
+                const char *devlink;
+
+                devlink = sd_device_get_devlink_first(device);
+                if (devlink)
+                        devlinks = strdupa(devlink);
+
+                while ((devlink = sd_device_get_devlink_next(device)))
+                        devlinks = strjoina(devlinks, " ", devlink);
+
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, "DEVLINKS", devlinks);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                device->property_devlinks_outdated = false;
+        }
+
+        if (device->property_tags_outdated) {
+                char *tags = NULL;
+                const char *tag;
+
+                tag = sd_device_get_tag_first(device);
+                if (tag)
+                        tags = strjoina(":", tag);
+
+                while ((tag = sd_device_get_tag_next(device)))
+                        tags = strjoina(tags, ":", tag);
+
+                tags = strjoina(tags, ":");
+
+                r = device_add_property_internal(device, "TAGS", tags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                device->property_tags_outdated = false;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_property_first(sd_device *device, const char **_value) {
+        const char *key;
+        const char *value;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        r = device_properties_prepare(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        device->properties_iterator_generation = device->properties_generation;
+        device->properties_iterator = ITERATOR_FIRST;
+
+        value = ordered_hashmap_iterate(device->properties, &device->properties_iterator, (const void**)&key);
+
+        if (_value)
+                *_value = value;
+
+        return key;
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_property_next(sd_device *device, const char **_value) {
+        const char *key;
+        const char *value;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        r = device_properties_prepare(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (device->properties_iterator_generation != device->properties_generation)
+                return NULL;
+
+        value = ordered_hashmap_iterate(device->properties, &device->properties_iterator, (const void**)&key);
+
+        if (_value)
+                *_value = value;
+
+        return key;
+}
+
+static int device_sysattrs_read_all(sd_device *device) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
+        const char *syspath;
+        struct dirent *dent;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+
+        if (device->sysattrs_read)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_device_get_syspath(device, &syspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        dir = opendir(syspath);
+        if (!dir)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&device->sysattrs, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
+                char *path;
+                struct stat statbuf;
+
+                /* only handle symlinks and regular files */
+                if (dent->d_type != DT_LNK && dent->d_type != DT_REG)
+                        continue;
+
+                path = strjoina(syspath, "/", dent->d_name);
+
+                if (lstat(path, &statbuf) != 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!(statbuf.st_mode & S_IRUSR))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = set_put_strdup(device->sysattrs, dent->d_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        device->sysattrs_read = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_sysattr_first(sd_device *device) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        if (!device->sysattrs_read) {
+                r = device_sysattrs_read_all(device);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        errno = -r;
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        device->sysattrs_iterator = ITERATOR_FIRST;
+
+        return set_iterate(device->sysattrs, &device->sysattrs_iterator);
+}
+
+_public_ const char *sd_device_get_sysattr_next(sd_device *device) {
+        assert_return(device, NULL);
+
+        if (!device->sysattrs_read)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return set_iterate(device->sysattrs, &device->sysattrs_iterator);
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_has_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag) {
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(tag, -EINVAL);
+
+        (void) device_read_db(device);
+
+        return !!set_contains(device->tags, tag);
+}
+
+_public_ int sd_device_get_property_value(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char **_value) {
+        char *value;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(key, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(_value, -EINVAL);
+
+        r = device_properties_prepare(device);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        value = ordered_hashmap_get(device->properties, key);
+        if (!value)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *_value = value;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* replaces the value if it already exists */
+static int device_add_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *_key, const char *_value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_key);
+
+        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&device->sysattr_values, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        value = hashmap_remove2(device->sysattr_values, _key, (void **)&key);
+        if (!key) {
+                key = strdup(_key);
+                if (!key)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        free(value);
+        value = NULL;
+
+        if (_value) {
+                value = strdup(_value);
+                if (!value)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        r = hashmap_put(device->sysattr_values, key, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        key = NULL;
+        value = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_get_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *_key, const char **_value) {
+        const char *key = NULL, *value;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_key);
+
+        value = hashmap_get2(device->sysattr_values, _key, (void **) &key);
+        if (!key)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        if (_value)
+                *_value = value;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* We cache all sysattr lookups. If an attribute does not exist, it is stored
+ * with a NULL value in the cache, otherwise the returned string is stored */
+_public_ int sd_device_get_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *sysattr, const char **_value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        const char *syspath, *cached_value = NULL;
+        char *path;
+        struct stat statbuf;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(sysattr, -EINVAL);
+
+        /* look for possibly already cached result */
+        r = device_get_sysattr_value(device, sysattr, &cached_value);
+        if (r != -ENOENT) {
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!cached_value)
+                        /* we looked up the sysattr before and it did not exist */
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+                if (_value)
+                        *_value = cached_value;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_device_get_syspath(device, &syspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina(syspath, "/", sysattr);
+        r = lstat(path, &statbuf);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                /* remember that we could not access the sysattr */
+                r = device_add_sysattr_value(device, sysattr, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return -ENOENT;
+        } else if (S_ISLNK(statbuf.st_mode)) {
+                /* Some core links return only the last element of the target path,
+                 * these are just values, the paths should not be exposed. */
+                if (STR_IN_SET(sysattr, "driver", "subsystem", "module")) {
+                        r = readlink_value(path, &value);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                } else
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        } else if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
+                /* skip directories */
+                return -EINVAL;
+        } else if (!(statbuf.st_mode & S_IRUSR)) {
+                /* skip non-readable files */
+                return -EPERM;
+        } else {
+                size_t size;
+
+                /* read attribute value */
+                r = read_full_file(path, &value, &size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* drop trailing newlines */
+                while (size > 0 && value[--size] == '\n')
+                        value[size] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        r = device_add_sysattr_value(device, sysattr, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *_value = value;
+        value = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void device_remove_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *_key) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+
+        assert(device);
+        assert(_key);
+
+        value = hashmap_remove2(device->sysattr_values, _key, (void **) &key);
+
+        return;
+}
+
+/* set the attribute and save it in the cache. If a NULL value is passed the
+ * attribute is cleared from the cache */
+_public_ int sd_device_set_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *sysattr, char *value) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        const char *syspath;
+        char *path;
+        struct stat statbuf;
+        size_t value_len = 0;
+        ssize_t size;
+        int r;
+
+        assert_return(device, -EINVAL);
+        assert_return(sysattr, -EINVAL);
+
+        if (!value) {
+                device_remove_sysattr_value(device, sysattr);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_device_get_syspath(device, &syspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = strjoina(syspath, "/", sysattr);
+        r = lstat(path, &statbuf);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                r = device_add_sysattr_value(device, sysattr, "");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return -ENXIO;
+        }
+
+        if (S_ISLNK(statbuf.st_mode))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* skip directories */
+        if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
+                return -EISDIR;
+
+        /* skip non-readable files */
+        if ((statbuf.st_mode & S_IRUSR) == 0)
+                return -EACCES;
+
+        value_len = strlen(value);
+
+        /* drop trailing newlines */
+        while (value_len > 0 && value[--value_len] == '\n')
+                value[value_len] = '\0';
+
+        /* value length is limited to 4k */
+        if (value_len > 4096)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        size = write(fd, value, value_len);
+        if (size < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if ((size_t)size != value_len)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        r = device_add_sysattr_value(device, sysattr, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/systemd/sd-device.h b/src/systemd/sd-device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d737753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/systemd/sd-device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#ifndef foosddevicehfoo
+#define foosddevicehfoo
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2008-2012 Kay Sievers <kay at vrfy.org>
+  Copyright 2014 Tom Gundersen <teg at jklm.no>
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "_sd-common.h"
+
+_SD_BEGIN_DECLARATIONS;
+
+typedef struct sd_device sd_device;
+
+sd_device *sd_device_ref(sd_device *device);
+sd_device *sd_device_unref(sd_device *device);
+
+int sd_device_new_from_syspath(sd_device **ret, const char *syspath);
+int sd_device_new_from_devnum(sd_device **ret, char type, dev_t devnum);
+int sd_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(sd_device **ret, const char *subsystem, const char *sysname);
+int sd_device_new_from_device_id(sd_device **ret, const char *id);
+
+int sd_device_get_parent(sd_device *child, sd_device **ret);
+int sd_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype(sd_device *child, const char *subsystem, const char *devtype, sd_device **ret);
+
+int sd_device_get_syspath(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_subsystem(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_devtype(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_devnum(sd_device *device, dev_t *devnum);
+int sd_device_get_ifindex(sd_device *device, int *ifindex);
+int sd_device_get_driver(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_devpath(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_devname(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_sysname(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+int sd_device_get_sysnum(sd_device *device, const char **ret);
+
+int sd_device_get_is_initialized(sd_device *device, int *initialized);
+int sd_device_get_usec_since_initialized(sd_device *device, uint64_t *usec);
+
+const char *sd_device_get_tag_first(sd_device *device);
+const char *sd_device_get_tag_next(sd_device *device);
+const char *sd_device_get_devlink_first(sd_device *device);
+const char *sd_device_get_devlink_next(sd_device *device);
+const char *sd_device_get_property_first(sd_device *device, const char **value);
+const char *sd_device_get_property_next(sd_device *device, const char **value);
+const char *sd_device_get_sysattr_first(sd_device *device);
+const char *sd_device_get_sysattr_next(sd_device *device);
+
+int sd_device_has_tag(sd_device *device, const char *tag);
+int sd_device_get_property_value(sd_device *device, const char *key, const char **value);
+int sd_device_get_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *sysattr, const char **_value);
+
+int sd_device_set_sysattr_value(sd_device *device, const char *sysattr, char *value);
+
+_SD_END_DECLARATIONS;
+
+#endif



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