[PATCH v6] lib: Add a simple prime number generator

Chris Wilson chris at chris-wilson.co.uk
Mon Dec 19 10:05:47 UTC 2016


Prime numbers are interesting for testing components that use multiplies
and divides, such as testing DRM's struct drm_mm alignment computations.

v2: Move to lib/, add selftest
v3: Fix initial constants (exclude 0/1 from being primes)
v4: More RCU markup to keep 0day/sparse happy
v5: Fix RCU unwind on module exit, add to kselftests
v6: Tidy computation of bitmap size

Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris at chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Lukas Wunner <lukas at wunner.de>
---
 include/linux/prime_numbers.h                |  23 +++
 lib/Kconfig                                  |   7 +
 lib/Makefile                                 |   2 +
 lib/prime_numbers.c                          | 266 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/lib/prime_numbers.sh |  15 ++
 5 files changed, 313 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/prime_numbers.h
 create mode 100644 lib/prime_numbers.c
 create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/lib/prime_numbers.sh

diff --git a/include/linux/prime_numbers.h b/include/linux/prime_numbers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6ba642c3f95d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/prime_numbers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef __LINUX_PRIME_NUMBERS_H
+#define __LINUX_PRIME_NUMBERS_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+bool is_prime_number(unsigned long x);
+unsigned long next_prime_number(unsigned long x);
+
+/**
+ * for_each_prime_number - iterate over each prime upto a value
+ * @prime: the current prime number in this iteration
+ * @max: the upper limit
+ *
+ * Starting from 1 (which is only considered prime for convenience
+ * of using for_each_prime_number(), a useful white lie), iterate over each
+ * prime number up to the @max value. On each iteration, @prime is set to the
+ * current prime number. @max should be less than ULONG_MAX to ensure
+ * termination.
+ */
+#define for_each_prime_number(prime, max) \
+	for (prime = 1;	prime <= (max); prime = next_prime_number(prime))
+
+#endif /* !__LINUX_PRIME_NUMBERS_H */
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig b/lib/Kconfig
index 260a80e313b9..1788a1f50d28 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig
+++ b/lib/Kconfig
@@ -550,4 +550,11 @@ config STACKDEPOT
 config SBITMAP
 	bool
 
+config PRIME_NUMBERS
+	tristate "Prime number generator"
+	default n
+	help
+	  Provides a helper module to generate prime numbers. Useful for writing
+	  test code, especially when checking multiplication and divison.
+
 endmenu
diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
index 50144a3aeebd..c664143fd917 100644
--- a/lib/Makefile
+++ b/lib/Makefile
@@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ASN1) += asn1_decoder.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_FONT_SUPPORT) += fonts/
 
+obj-$(CONFIG_PRIME_NUMBERS) += prime_numbers.o
+
 hostprogs-y	:= gen_crc32table
 clean-files	:= crc32table.h
 
diff --git a/lib/prime_numbers.c b/lib/prime_numbers.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..02795aa0e820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/prime_numbers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "prime numbers: " fmt "\n"
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/prime_numbers.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#define bitmap_size(nbits) (BITS_TO_LONGS(nbits) * sizeof(unsigned long))
+
+struct primes {
+	struct rcu_head rcu;
+	unsigned long last, sz;
+	unsigned long primes[];
+};
+
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
+static const struct primes small_primes = {
+	.last = 61,
+	.sz = 64,
+	.primes = { 0x28208a20a08a28acUL }
+};
+#elif BITS_PER_LONG == 32
+static const struct primes small_primes = {
+	.last = 31,
+	.sz = 32,
+	.primes = { 0xa08a28acUL }
+};
+#else
+#error "unhandled BITS_PER_LONG"
+#endif
+
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(lock);
+static const struct primes __rcu *primes = RCU_INITIALIZER(&small_primes);
+
+static unsigned long selftest_max;
+
+static bool slow_is_prime_number(unsigned long x)
+{
+	unsigned long y = int_sqrt(x);
+
+	while (y > 1) {
+		if ((x % y) == 0)
+			break;
+		y--;
+	}
+
+	return y == 1;
+}
+
+static unsigned long slow_next_prime_number(unsigned long x)
+{
+	while (x < ULONG_MAX && !slow_is_prime_number(++x))
+		;
+
+	return x;
+}
+
+static unsigned long mark_multiples(unsigned long x,
+				    unsigned long *p,
+				    unsigned long start,
+				    unsigned long end)
+{
+	unsigned long m;
+
+	m = 2 * x;
+	if (m < start)
+		m = roundup(start, x);
+
+	while (m < end) {
+		__clear_bit(m, p);
+		m += x;
+	}
+
+	return x;
+}
+
+static const struct primes *expand_to_next_prime(unsigned long x)
+{
+	const struct primes *p;
+	struct primes *new;
+	unsigned long sz, y;
+
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	/* Betrand's Theorem states:
+	 * 	For all n > 1, there exists a prime p: n < p <= 2*n.
+	 */
+	sz = 2 * x + 1;
+	if (sz < x)
+		return NULL;
+
+	sz = round_up(sz, BITS_PER_LONG);
+	new = kmalloc(sizeof(*new) + bitmap_size(sz), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!new)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mutex_lock(&lock);
+	p = rcu_dereference_protected(primes, lockdep_is_held(&lock));
+	if (x < p->last) {
+		kfree(new);
+		goto relock;
+	}
+
+	/* Where memory permits, track the primes using the
+	 * Sieve of Eratosthenes.
+	 */
+	bitmap_copy(new->primes, p->primes, p->sz);
+	memset(new->primes + BITS_TO_LONGS(p->sz), -1, bitmap_size(sz - p->sz));
+	for (y = 2UL; y < sz; y = find_next_bit(new->primes, sz, y + 1))
+		new->last = mark_multiples(y, new->primes, p->sz, sz);
+	new->sz = sz;
+
+	BUG_ON(new->last <= x);
+
+	rcu_assign_pointer(primes, new);
+	if (p != &small_primes)
+		kfree_rcu((struct primes *)p, rcu);
+	p = new;
+
+relock:
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	mutex_unlock(&lock);
+	return p;
+}
+
+static const struct primes *get_primes(unsigned long x)
+{
+	const struct primes *p;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	p = rcu_dereference(primes);
+	if (!p || x >= p->last)
+		p = expand_to_next_prime(x);
+
+	/* returns under RCU iff p != NULL */
+	return p;
+}
+
+/**
+ * next_prime_number - return the next prime number
+ * @x: the starting point for searching to test
+ *
+ * A prime number is an integer greater than 1 that is only divisible by
+ * itself and 1.  The set of prime numbers is computed using the Sieve of
+ * Eratoshenes (on finding a prime, all multiples of that prime are removed
+ * from the set) enabling a fast lookup of the next prime number larger than
+ * @x. If the seive fails (memory limitation), the search falls back to using
+ * slow trial-divison, up to the value of ULONG_MAX (which is reported as the
+ * final prime as a sentinel).
+ *
+ * Returns: the next prime number larger than @x
+ */
+unsigned long next_prime_number(unsigned long x)
+{
+	const struct primes *p;
+
+	p = get_primes(x);
+	if (unlikely(!p))
+		return slow_next_prime_number(x);
+
+	x = find_next_bit(p->primes, p->last, x + 1);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return x;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(next_prime_number);
+
+/**
+ * is_prime_number - test whether the given number is prime
+ * @x: the number to test
+ *
+ * A prime number is an integer greater than 1 that is only divisible by
+ * itself and 1. Internally a cache of prime numbers is kept (to speed up
+ * searching for sequential primes, see next_prime_number()), but if the number
+ * falls outside of that cache, its primality is tested using trial-divison.
+ *
+ * Returns: true if @x is prime, false for composite numbers.
+ */
+bool is_prime_number(unsigned long x)
+{
+	const struct primes *p;
+	bool result;
+
+	p = get_primes(x);
+	if (unlikely(!p))
+		return slow_is_prime_number(x);
+
+	result = test_bit(x, p->primes);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_prime_number);
+
+static void dump_primes(void)
+{
+	const struct primes *p;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	p = rcu_dereference(primes);
+	pr_info("primes.{last=%lu, .sz=%lu, .primes[]=...x%lx}",
+		p->last, p->sz, p->primes[BITS_TO_LONGS(p->sz) - 1]);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+
+static int selftest(unsigned long max)
+{
+	unsigned long x, last;
+
+	if (!max)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (last = 0, x = 2; x < max; x++) {
+		bool slow = slow_is_prime_number(x);
+		bool fast = is_prime_number(x);
+
+		if (slow != fast) {
+			pr_err("inconsistent result for is-prime(%lu): slow=%s, fast=%s!",
+			       x, slow ? "yes" : "no", fast ? "yes" : "no");
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		if (!slow)
+			continue;
+
+		if (next_prime_number(last) != x) {
+			pr_err("incorrect result for next-prime(%lu): expected %lu, got %lu",
+			       last, x, next_prime_number(last));
+			goto err;
+		}
+		last = x;
+	}
+
+	pr_info("selftest(%lu) passed, last prime was %lu", x, last);
+	return 0;
+
+err:
+	dump_primes();
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int __init primes_init(void)
+{
+	return selftest(selftest_max);
+}
+
+static void __exit primes_exit(void)
+{
+	const struct primes *p;
+
+	mutex_lock(&lock);
+	p = rcu_dereference_protected(primes, lockdep_is_held(&lock));
+	if (p != &small_primes) {
+		rcu_assign_pointer(primes, &small_primes);
+		kfree_rcu((struct primes *)p, rcu);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&lock);
+}
+
+module_init(primes_init);
+module_exit(primes_exit);
+
+module_param_named(selftest, selftest_max, ulong, 0400);
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Intel Corporation");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/lib/prime_numbers.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/lib/prime_numbers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..da4cbcd766f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/lib/prime_numbers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Checks fast/slow prime_number generation for inconsistencies
+
+if ! /sbin/modprobe -q -r prime_numbers; then
+	echo "prime_numbers: [SKIP]"
+	exit 77
+fi
+
+if /sbin/modprobe -q prime_numbers selftest=65536; then
+	/sbin/modprobe -q -r prime_numbers
+	echo "prime_numbers: ok"
+else
+	echo "prime_numbers: [FAIL]"
+	exit 1
+fi
-- 
2.11.0



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