[PATCH 01/15] vfio: Add helpers for unifying vfio_device life cycle

[Tian, Kevin]

> From: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg at ziepe.ca>
> Sent: Tuesday, August 30, 2022 11:10 PM
> 
> On Tue, Aug 30, 2022 at 09:42:42AM -0400, Anthony Krowiak wrote:
> 
> > > +/*
> > > + * Alloc and initialize vfio_device so it can be registered to vfio
> > > + * core.
> > > + *
> > > + * Drivers should use the wrapper vfio_alloc_device() for allocation.
> > > + * @size is the size of the structure to be allocated, including any
> > > + * private data used by the driver.
> >
> >
> > It seems the purpose of the wrapper is to ensure that the object being
> > allocated has as its first field a struct vfio_device object and to return
> > its container. Why not just make that a requirement for this function -
> > which I would rename vfio_alloc_device - and document it in the prologue?
> > The caller can then cast the return pointer or use container_of.
> 
> There are three fairly common patterns for this kind of thing
> 
> 1) The caller open codes everything:
> 
>    driver_struct = kzalloc()
>    core_init(&driver_struct->core)
> 
> 2) Some 'get priv' / 'get data' is used instead of container_of():
> 
>    core_struct = core_alloc(sizeof(*driver_struct))
>    driver_struct = core_get_priv(core_struct)
> 
> 3) The allocations and initialization are consolidated in the core,
>    but we continue to use container_of()
> 
>    driver_struct = core_alloc(typeof(*driver_struct))
> 
> #1 has a general drawback that people routinely mess up the lifecycle
> model and get really confused about when to do kfree() vs put(),
> creating bugs.
> 
> #2 has a general drawback of not using container_of() at all, and being
> a bit confusing in some cases
> 
> #3 has the general drawback of being a bit magical, but solves 1 and
> 2's problems.
> 
> I would not fix the struct layout without the BUILD_BUG_ON because
> someone will accidently change the order and that becomes a subtle
> runtime error - so at a minimum the wrapper macro has to exist to
> check that.

Agree. And gvt happened to hit this BUILD_BUG_ON when this series
was being worked on.

> 
> If you want to allow a dynamic struct layout and avoid the pitfall of
> exposing the user to kalloc/kfree, then you still need the macro, and
> it does some more complicated offset stuff.
> 
> Having the wrapper macro be entirely type safe is appealing and
> reduces code in the drivers, IMHO. Tell it what type you are initing
> and get back init'd memory for that type that you always, always free
> with a put operation.
> 
> Jason