[PATCH v4 4/4] drm/msm/dp: Introduce link training per-segment for LTTPRs

Abhinav Kumar quic_abhinavk at quicinc.com
Thu May 1 02:10:53 UTC 2025



On 4/29/2025 5:09 PM, Aleksandrs Vinarskis wrote:
> DisplayPort requires per-segment link training when LTTPR are switched
> to non-transparent mode, starting with LTTPR closest to the source.
> Only when each segment is trained individually, source can link train
> to sink.
> 
> Implement per-segment link traning when LTTPR(s) are detected, to
> support external docking stations. On higher level, changes are:
> 
> * Pass phy being trained down to all required helpers
> * Run CR, EQ link training per phy
> * Set voltage swing, pre-emphasis levels per phy
> 
> This ensures successful link training both when connected directly to
> the monitor (single LTTPR onboard most X1E laptops) and via the docking
> station (at least two LTTPRs).
> 
> Fixes: 72d0af4accd9 ("drm/msm/dp: Add support for LTTPR handling")
> 

Thanks for the patch to improve and add support for link training in 
non-transparent mode.

Some questions below as the DP 2.1a spec documentation is not very clear 
about segmented link training as you noted in the cover letter, so I am 
also only reviewing i915 as reference here.


> Tested-by: Johan Hovold <johan+linaro at kernel.org>
> Tested-by: Rob Clark <robdclark at gmail.com>
> Tested-by: Stefan Schmidt <stefan.schmidt at linaro.org>
> Signed-off-by: Aleksandrs Vinarskis <alex.vinarskis at gmail.com>
> Reviewed-by: Abel Vesa <abel.vesa at linaro.org>
> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov at oss.qualcomm.com>
> ---
>   drivers/gpu/drm/msm/dp/dp_ctrl.c | 126 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------
>   1 file changed, 89 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/dp/dp_ctrl.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/dp/dp_ctrl.c
> index d8633a596f8d..35b28c2fcd64 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/dp/dp_ctrl.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/dp/dp_ctrl.c
> @@ -1034,10 +1034,12 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_set_vx_px(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   	return 0;
>   }
>   
> -static int msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
> +static int msm_dp_ctrl_update_phy_vx_px(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
> +					enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy)
>   {
>   	struct msm_dp_link *link = ctrl->link;
> -	int ret = 0, lane, lane_cnt;
> +	int lane, lane_cnt, reg;
> +	int ret = 0;
>   	u8 buf[4];
>   	u32 max_level_reached = 0;
>   	u32 voltage_swing_level = link->phy_params.v_level;
> @@ -1075,8 +1077,13 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
>   
>   	drm_dbg_dp(ctrl->drm_dev, "sink: p|v=0x%x\n",
>   			voltage_swing_level | pre_emphasis_level);
> -	ret = drm_dp_dpcd_write(ctrl->aux, DP_TRAINING_LANE0_SET,
> -					buf, lane_cnt);
> +
> +	if (dp_phy == DP_PHY_DPRX)
> +		reg = DP_TRAINING_LANE0_SET;
> +	else
> +		reg = DP_TRAINING_LANE0_SET_PHY_REPEATER(dp_phy);
> +
> +	ret = drm_dp_dpcd_write(ctrl->aux, reg, buf, lane_cnt);

For the max voltage and swing levels, it seems like we need to use the 
source (DPTX) or the DPRX immediately upstream of the RX we are trying 
to train. i915 achieves it with below:

         /*
          * Get voltage_max from the DPTX_PHY (source or LTTPR) upstream 
from
          * the DPRX_PHY we train.
          */
         if (intel_dp_phy_is_downstream_of_source(intel_dp, dp_phy))
                 voltage_max = intel_dp->voltage_max(intel_dp, crtc_state);
         else
                 voltage_max = intel_dp_lttpr_voltage_max(intel_dp, 
dp_phy + 1);


But I do not see (unless I missed) how this patch takes care of this 
requirement.

Same holds true for preemph too

         if (intel_dp_phy_is_downstream_of_source(intel_dp, dp_phy))
                 preemph_max = intel_dp->preemph_max(intel_dp);
         else
                 preemph_max = intel_dp_lttpr_preemph_max(intel_dp, 
dp_phy + 1);

         drm_WARN_ON_ONCE(display->drm,
                          preemph_max != DP_TRAIN_PRE_EMPH_LEVEL_2 &&
                          preemph_max != DP_TRAIN_PRE_EMPH_LEVEL_3);


>   	if (ret == lane_cnt)
>   		ret = 0;
>   
> @@ -1084,9 +1091,10 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
>   }
>   
>   static bool msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
> -		u8 pattern)
> +		u8 pattern, enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy)
>   {
>   	u8 buf;
> +	int reg;
>   	int ret = 0;
>   
>   	drm_dbg_dp(ctrl->drm_dev, "sink: pattern=%x\n", pattern);
> @@ -1096,7 +1104,12 @@ static bool msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   	if (pattern && pattern != DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_4)
>   		buf |= DP_LINK_SCRAMBLING_DISABLE;
>   
> -	ret = drm_dp_dpcd_writeb(ctrl->aux, DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_SET, buf);
> +	if (dp_phy == DP_PHY_DPRX)
> +		reg = DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_SET;
> +	else
> +		reg = DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_SET_PHY_REPEATER(dp_phy);
> +
> +	ret = drm_dp_dpcd_writeb(ctrl->aux, reg, buf);
>   	return ret == 1;
>   }
>   
> @@ -1115,12 +1128,16 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_read_link_status(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   }
>   
>   static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
> -			int *training_step)
> +			int *training_step, enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy)
>   {
> +	int delay_us;
>   	int tries, old_v_level, ret = 0;
>   	u8 link_status[DP_LINK_STATUS_SIZE];
>   	int const maximum_retries = 4;
>   
> +	delay_us = drm_dp_read_clock_recovery_delay(ctrl->aux,
> +						    ctrl->panel->dpcd, dp_phy, false);
> +
>   	msm_dp_catalog_ctrl_state_ctrl(ctrl->catalog, 0);
>   
>   	*training_step = DP_TRAINING_1;
> @@ -1129,18 +1146,19 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   	if (ret)
>   		return ret;
>   	msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(ctrl, DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_1 |
> -		DP_LINK_SCRAMBLING_DISABLE);
> +		DP_LINK_SCRAMBLING_DISABLE, dp_phy);
>   
> -	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(ctrl);
> +	msm_dp_link_reset_phy_params_vx_px(ctrl->link);
> +	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_update_phy_vx_px(ctrl, dp_phy);
>   	if (ret)
>   		return ret;
>   
>   	tries = 0;
>   	old_v_level = ctrl->link->phy_params.v_level;
>   	for (tries = 0; tries < maximum_retries; tries++) {
> -		drm_dp_link_train_clock_recovery_delay(ctrl->aux, ctrl->panel->dpcd);
> +		fsleep(delay_us);
>   
> -		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_read_link_status(ctrl, link_status);
> +		ret = drm_dp_dpcd_read_phy_link_status(ctrl->aux, dp_phy, link_status);
>   		if (ret)
>   			return ret;
>   
> @@ -1161,7 +1179,7 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   		}
>   
>   		msm_dp_link_adjust_levels(ctrl->link, link_status);
> -		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(ctrl);
> +		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_update_phy_vx_px(ctrl, dp_phy);
>   		if (ret)
>   			return ret;
>   	}
> @@ -1213,21 +1231,31 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_lane_down_shift(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
>   	return 0;
>   }
>   
> -static void msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
> +static void msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
> +					       enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy)
>   {
> -	msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(ctrl, DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_DISABLE);
> -	drm_dp_link_train_channel_eq_delay(ctrl->aux, ctrl->panel->dpcd);
> +	int delay_us;
> +
> +	msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(ctrl, DP_TRAINING_PATTERN_DISABLE, dp_phy);
> +
> +	delay_us = drm_dp_read_channel_eq_delay(ctrl->aux,
> +						ctrl->panel->dpcd, dp_phy, false);
> +	fsleep(delay_us);
>   }
>   
>   static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_2(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
> -			int *training_step)
> +			int *training_step, enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy)
>   {
> +	int delay_us;
>   	int tries = 0, ret = 0;
>   	u8 pattern;
>   	u32 state_ctrl_bit;
>   	int const maximum_retries = 5;
>   	u8 link_status[DP_LINK_STATUS_SIZE];
>   
> +	delay_us = drm_dp_read_channel_eq_delay(ctrl->aux,
> +						ctrl->panel->dpcd, dp_phy, false);
> +
>   	msm_dp_catalog_ctrl_state_ctrl(ctrl->catalog, 0);
>   
>   	*training_step = DP_TRAINING_2;
> @@ -1247,12 +1275,12 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_2(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   	if (ret)
>   		return ret;
>   
> -	msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(ctrl, pattern);
> +	msm_dp_ctrl_train_pattern_set(ctrl, pattern, dp_phy);
>   
>   	for (tries = 0; tries <= maximum_retries; tries++) {
> -		drm_dp_link_train_channel_eq_delay(ctrl->aux, ctrl->panel->dpcd);
> +		fsleep(delay_us);
>   
> -		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_read_link_status(ctrl, link_status);
> +		ret = drm_dp_dpcd_read_phy_link_status(ctrl->aux, dp_phy, link_status);
>   		if (ret)
>   			return ret;
>   
> @@ -1262,7 +1290,7 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_2(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   		}
>   
>   		msm_dp_link_adjust_levels(ctrl->link, link_status);
> -		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(ctrl);
> +		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_update_phy_vx_px(ctrl, dp_phy);
>   		if (ret)
>   			return ret;
>   
> @@ -1271,9 +1299,32 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_2(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   	return -ETIMEDOUT;
>   }
>   
> +static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1_2(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
> +				      int *training_step, enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1(ctrl, training_step, dp_phy);
> +	if (ret) {
> +		DRM_ERROR("link training #1 on phy %d failed. ret=%d\n", dp_phy, ret);
> +		return ret;
> +	}
> +	drm_dbg_dp(ctrl->drm_dev, "link training #1 on phy %d successful\n", dp_phy);
> +
> +	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_2(ctrl, training_step, dp_phy);
> +	if (ret) {
> +		DRM_ERROR("link training #2 on phy %d failed. ret=%d\n", dp_phy, ret);
> +		return ret;
> +	}
> +	drm_dbg_dp(ctrl->drm_dev, "link training #2 on phy %d successful\n", dp_phy);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
>   static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   			int *training_step)
>   {
> +	int i;
>   	int ret = 0;
>   	const u8 *dpcd = ctrl->panel->dpcd;
>   	u8 encoding[] = { 0, DP_SET_ANSI_8B10B };
> @@ -1286,8 +1337,6 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   	link_info.rate = ctrl->link->link_params.rate;
>   	link_info.capabilities = DP_LINK_CAP_ENHANCED_FRAMING;
>   
> -	msm_dp_link_reset_phy_params_vx_px(ctrl->link);
> -
>   	msm_dp_aux_link_configure(ctrl->aux, &link_info);
>   
>   	if (drm_dp_max_downspread(dpcd))
> @@ -1302,24 +1351,27 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_train(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl,
>   				&assr, 1);
>   	}
>   
> -	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1(ctrl, training_step);
> +	for (i = ctrl->link->lttpr_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
> +		enum drm_dp_phy dp_phy = DP_PHY_LTTPR(i);
> +
> +		ret = msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1_2(ctrl, training_step, dp_phy);
> +		msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl, dp_phy);
> +
> +		if (ret)
> +			break;
> +	}
> +
>   	if (ret) {
> -		DRM_ERROR("link training #1 failed. ret=%d\n", ret);
> +		DRM_ERROR("link training of LTTPR(s) failed. ret=%d\n", ret);
>   		goto end;
>   	}
>   
> -	/* print success info as this is a result of user initiated action */
> -	drm_dbg_dp(ctrl->drm_dev, "link training #1 successful\n");
> -
> -	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_2(ctrl, training_step);
> +	ret = msm_dp_ctrl_link_train_1_2(ctrl, training_step, DP_PHY_DPRX);
>   	if (ret) {
> -		DRM_ERROR("link training #2 failed. ret=%d\n", ret);
> +		DRM_ERROR("link training on sink failed. ret=%d\n", ret);
>   		goto end;
>   	}
>   
> -	/* print success info as this is a result of user initiated action */
> -	drm_dbg_dp(ctrl->drm_dev, "link training #2 successful\n");
> -
>   end:
>   	msm_dp_catalog_ctrl_state_ctrl(ctrl->catalog, 0);
>   
> @@ -1636,7 +1688,7 @@ static int msm_dp_ctrl_link_maintenance(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
>   	if (ret)
>   		goto end;
>   
> -	msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl);
> +	msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl, DP_PHY_DPRX);
>   
>   	msm_dp_catalog_ctrl_state_ctrl(ctrl->catalog, DP_STATE_CTRL_SEND_VIDEO);
>   
> @@ -1660,7 +1712,7 @@ static bool msm_dp_ctrl_send_phy_test_pattern(struct msm_dp_ctrl_private *ctrl)
>   		return false;
>   	}
>   	msm_dp_catalog_ctrl_send_phy_pattern(ctrl->catalog, pattern_requested);
> -	msm_dp_ctrl_update_vx_px(ctrl);
> +	msm_dp_ctrl_update_phy_vx_px(ctrl, DP_PHY_DPRX);
>   	msm_dp_link_send_test_response(ctrl->link);
>   
>   	pattern_sent = msm_dp_catalog_ctrl_read_phy_pattern(ctrl->catalog);
> @@ -1902,7 +1954,7 @@ int msm_dp_ctrl_on_link(struct msm_dp_ctrl *msm_dp_ctrl)
>   			}
>   
>   			/* stop link training before start re training  */
> -			msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl);
> +			msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl, DP_PHY_DPRX);
>   		}
>   
>   		rc = msm_dp_ctrl_reinitialize_mainlink(ctrl);
> @@ -1926,7 +1978,7 @@ int msm_dp_ctrl_on_link(struct msm_dp_ctrl *msm_dp_ctrl)
>   		 * link training failed
>   		 * end txing train pattern here
>   		 */
> -		msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl);
> +		msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl, DP_PHY_DPRX);
>   
>   		msm_dp_ctrl_deinitialize_mainlink(ctrl);
>   		rc = -ECONNRESET;
> @@ -1997,7 +2049,7 @@ int msm_dp_ctrl_on_stream(struct msm_dp_ctrl *msm_dp_ctrl, bool force_link_train
>   		msm_dp_ctrl_link_retrain(ctrl);
>   
>   	/* stop txing train pattern to end link training */
> -	msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl);
> +	msm_dp_ctrl_clear_training_pattern(ctrl, DP_PHY_DPRX);
>   
>   	/*
>   	 * Set up transfer unit values and set controller state to send



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