[PATCH v3] tests/drm_virtgpu: Add functional coverage for core VirtIO-GPU ioctls

Dorinda Bassey dbassey at redhat.com
Fri May 30 09:02:20 UTC 2025


This test suite adds coverage for multiple DRM ioctls specific
to the VirtIO-GPU driver, verifying functionality such as
resource creation, memory mapping, 3D transfers, context
initialization, and parameter querying.
Each test validates a key ioctl to ensure correct behavior from
user space and backend implementations. Each subtest is
self-contained and can be executed independently.

Included subtests:
  - drm-virtgpu-map
  - drm-virtgpu-execbuffer
  - drm-virtgpu-resource-info
  - drm-virtgpu-3d-transfer-to-host
  - drm-virtgpu-3d-transfer-from-host
  - drm-virtgpu-3d-wait
  - drm-virtgpu-resource-create-blob
  - drm-virtgpu-get-caps
  - drm-virtgpu-context-init
  - drm-virtgpu-getparam

How to Test with QEMU virtio-vga-gl or rustvmm vhost-device-gpu

1. Launch a QEMU guest with virtio-vga-gl
./build/qemu-system-x86_64 \
  -enable-kvm \
  -cpu host \
  -m 4096 \
  -machine q35 \
  -display gtk,gl=on \
  -vga none \
  -device virtio-vga-gl \
  -drive file=image.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
  -netdev user,id=n0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
  -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n0

ssh into the guest and run the tests.

2. Start the vhost-device-gpu backend and Launch a QEMU
guest with vhost-user-gpu-pci or vhost-user-vga, see guide on:
https://crates.io/crates/vhost-device-gpu

Signed-off-by: Dorinda Bassey <dbassey at redhat.com>
---
v3:
Fix resource format and clarify capset IDs

 tests/drm_virtgpu.c | 420 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/meson.build   |   1 +
 2 files changed, 421 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/drm_virtgpu.c

diff --git a/tests/drm_virtgpu.c b/tests/drm_virtgpu.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d7c9e8f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/drm_virtgpu.c
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2025 Red Hat Inc.
+ *
+ * Authors: Dorinda Bassey <dbassey at redhat.com>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * TEST: drm virtgpu ioctls
+ * Description: Testing of the virtIO-GPU driver DRM ioctls
+ * Category: Core
+ * Mega feature: General Core features
+ * Sub-category:  virtIO-GPU DRM ioctls
+ * Functionality: drm_ioctls
+ * Feature: Virtualization graphics support
+ * Test category: functionality test
+ */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include "drm.h"
+#include "virtgpu_drm.h"
+#include "igt.h"
+
+/**
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-map
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-execbuffer
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-resource-info
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-3d-transfer-to-host
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-3d-transfer-from-host
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-3d-wait
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-resource-create
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-resource-create-blob
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-get-caps
+
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-context-init
+ *
+ * SUBTEST: drm-virtgpu-getparam
+ */
+
+IGT_TEST_DESCRIPTION("Testing of the virtIO-GPU driver DRM ioctls");
+
+#define VIRTGPU_DEVICE "/dev/dri/card0"
+
+#define CAPS_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+#define MAX_CARDS 16
+
+int drm_fd;
+struct drm_virtgpu_resource_create args;
+bool resource_created;
+
+static int open_virtgpu_device(void)
+{
+	drmVersionPtr version;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CARDS; i++) {
+		char path[64];
+
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/dri/card%d", i);
+		drm_fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+		if (drm_fd < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		version = drmGetVersion(drm_fd);
+		if (version && strcmp(version->name, "virtio_gpu") == 0) {
+			drmFreeVersion(version);
+			return drm_fd;
+		}
+
+		drmFreeVersion(version);
+		close(drm_fd);
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const struct {
+	const char *name;
+	uint64_t id;
+} params[] = {
+	{"3D_FEATURES", VIRTGPU_PARAM_3D_FEATURES},
+	{"CAPSET_QUERY_FIX", VIRTGPU_PARAM_CAPSET_QUERY_FIX},
+	{"RESOURCE_BLOB", VIRTGPU_PARAM_RESOURCE_BLOB},
+	{"HOST_VISIBLE", VIRTGPU_PARAM_HOST_VISIBLE},
+	{"CROSS_DEVICE", VIRTGPU_PARAM_CROSS_DEVICE},
+	{"CONTEXT_INIT", VIRTGPU_PARAM_CONTEXT_INIT},
+	{"SUPPORTED_CAPSET_IDs", VIRTGPU_PARAM_SUPPORTED_CAPSET_IDs},
+	{"EXPLICIT_DEBUG_NAME", VIRTGPU_PARAM_EXPLICIT_DEBUG_NAME},
+};
+
+static void test_capset(int fd, uint32_t capset_id)
+{
+	uint8_t *caps_buf;
+	struct drm_virtgpu_get_caps caps;
+	int ret;
+	int i;
+
+	caps_buf = malloc(CAPS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	igt_require(caps_buf);
+	memset(caps_buf, 0, CAPS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+	memset(&caps, 0, sizeof(caps));
+	caps.cap_set_id = capset_id;
+	caps.size = CAPS_BUFFER_SIZE;
+	caps.addr = (uintptr_t) caps_buf;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS, &caps);
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		igt_info("Capset ID %u: SUCCESS\n", capset_id);
+		igt_info("  Reported size: %u\n", caps.size);
+		igt_info("  First 16 bytes: ");
+		for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+			igt_info("%02x ", caps_buf[i]);
+		igt_info("\n");
+	} else {
+		igt_info("Capset ID %u: FAILED - %s\n", capset_id,
+			 strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	free(caps_buf);
+}
+
+static void create_resource_if_needed(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (resource_created)
+		return;
+
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.target = 2;
+	args.format = 67;
+	args.bind = (1 << 0);
+	args.width = 64;
+	args.height = 64;
+	args.depth = 1;
+	args.array_size = 1;
+
+	ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE, &args);
+	igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "RESOURCE_CREATE failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+	igt_assert_neq(args.res_handle, 0);
+
+	resource_created = true;
+	igt_info("Created resource: res_handle=%u, bo_handle=%u\n",
+			args.res_handle, args.bo_handle);
+}
+
+igt_main {
+	void *caps_buf = NULL;
+
+	igt_fixture {
+		drm_fd = open_virtgpu_device();
+		igt_require(drm_fd >= 0);
+
+		caps_buf = malloc(CAPS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+		igt_require(caps_buf);
+		memset(caps_buf, 0, CAPS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Maps a buffer object and tests read/write access via mmap.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-map") {
+		struct drm_virtgpu_map map = { };
+		void *map_ptr;
+		int ret;
+
+		create_resource_if_needed();
+		memset(&map, 0, sizeof(map));
+		map.handle = args.bo_handle;
+
+		/* Request mmap offset */
+		ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAP, &map);
+		igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "MAP ioctl failed: %s\n",
+			     strerror(errno));
+		igt_assert(map.offset != 0);
+
+		/* Try mmap */
+		map_ptr =
+		    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, drm_fd,
+			 map.offset);
+		igt_assert(map_ptr != MAP_FAILED);
+
+		igt_info("Successfully mmap'ed BO: offset=0x%lx\n",
+			 (unsigned long)map.offset);
+
+		/* Simple test: write and read */
+		memset(map_ptr, 0xaa, 4096);
+		igt_assert(((uint8_t *) map_ptr)[0] == 0xaa);
+
+		munmap(map_ptr, 4096);
+	}
+
+	igt_describe("Submits a dummy execbuffer to the GPU.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-execbuffer") {
+		struct drm_virtgpu_execbuffer execbuf = { };
+		uint32_t handles[1];
+		int ret;
+
+		create_resource_if_needed();
+		handles[0] = args.bo_handle;
+
+		/* Submit dummy execbuffer */
+		execbuf.flags = 0;
+		execbuf.size = 0;       /* No command */
+		execbuf.command = 0;    /* No command buffer */
+		execbuf.bo_handles = (uintptr_t) handles;
+		execbuf.num_bo_handles = 1;
+		execbuf.fence_fd = -1;  /* No fence */
+		execbuf.ring_idx = 0;   /* Default ring */
+
+		ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER, &execbuf);
+		igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "EXECBUFFER ioctl failed: %s\n",
+			     strerror(errno));
+
+		igt_info("EXECBUFFER submitted successfully.\n");
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Validates that the GPU resource info ioctl returns expected metadata.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-resource-info") {
+		struct drm_virtgpu_resource_info info;
+		int ret;
+
+		create_resource_if_needed();
+		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+		info.bo_handle = args.bo_handle;
+
+		ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFO, &info);
+		igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "RESOURCE_INFO failed: %s\n",
+			     strerror(errno));
+		igt_assert_eq(info.res_handle, args.res_handle);
+		igt_assert(info.size > 0);
+
+		igt_info("Queried resource info:\n");
+		igt_info("  size:      %u bytes\n", info.size);
+		igt_info("  res_handle %u\n", info.res_handle);
+		igt_info("  blob_mem:  %u\n", info.blob_mem);
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Transfers buffer contents from guest memory to the host.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-3d-transfer-to-host") {
+		int ret;
+		struct drm_virtgpu_3d_transfer_to_host xfer;
+
+		create_resource_if_needed();
+
+		memset(&xfer, 0, sizeof(xfer));
+		xfer.bo_handle = args.bo_handle;
+		xfer.box.x = 0;
+		xfer.box.y = 0;
+		xfer.box.z = 0;
+		xfer.box.w = args.width;
+		xfer.box.h = args.height;
+		xfer.box.d = 1;
+		xfer.level = 0;
+		xfer.offset = 0;
+		xfer.stride = 0;
+		xfer.layer_stride = 0;
+
+		ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOST, &xfer);
+		igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "TRANSFER_TO_HOST failed: %s\n",
+			     strerror(errno));
+		igt_info("TRANSFER_TO_HOST completed\n");
+	}
+
+	igt_describe("Transfers buffer contents from the host to guest memory.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-3d-transfer-from-host")
+	{
+		int ret;
+		struct drm_virtgpu_3d_transfer_from_host xfer_in;
+
+		create_resource_if_needed();
+		memset(&xfer_in, 0, sizeof(xfer_in));
+		xfer_in.bo_handle = args.bo_handle;
+		xfer_in.box.x = 0;
+		xfer_in.box.y = 0;
+		xfer_in.box.z = 0;
+		xfer_in.box.w = args.width;
+		xfer_in.box.h = args.height;
+		xfer_in.box.d = 1;
+		xfer_in.level = 0;
+		xfer_in.offset = 0;
+		xfer_in.stride = 0;
+		xfer_in.layer_stride = 0;
+
+		ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST, &xfer_in);
+		igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "TRANSFER_FROM_HOST failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		igt_info("TRANSFER_FROM_HOST completed\n");
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Waits for a GPU operation to complete on a specific resource.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-3d-wait") {
+		struct drm_virtgpu_3d_wait wait = {.handle = args.bo_handle };
+
+		int ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAIT, &wait);
+
+		if (ret == 0)
+			igt_info("WAIT succeeded.\n");
+		else
+			igt_info("WAIT failed as expected (%s).\n",
+				 strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+		("Creates a standard 2D GPU resource using RESOURCE_CREATE ioctl.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-resource-create") {
+		create_resource_if_needed();
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Creates a GPU resource using the blob interface with memory flags.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-resource-create-blob") {
+		struct drm_virtgpu_resource_create_blob blob = {
+			.blob_mem = VIRTGPU_BLOB_MEM_GUEST,
+			.blob_flags =
+			    VIRTGPU_BLOB_FLAG_USE_MAPPABLE |
+			    VIRTGPU_BLOB_FLAG_USE_SHAREABLE,
+			.size = 4096,
+			.blob_id = 0,
+			.cmd_size = 0,
+			.cmd = (uintptr_t) NULL,
+		};
+
+		int ret =
+		    ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB,
+			  &blob);
+		igt_assert_f(ret == 0, "Blob creation ioctl failed: %s\n",
+			     strerror(errno));
+		igt_assert_eq(ret, 0);
+		igt_assert_neq(blob.res_handle, 0);
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Queries different GPU capsets and prints the response payload.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-get-caps") {
+		/* Test multiple capsets */
+		test_capset(drm_fd, 1); /* VirGL */
+		test_capset(drm_fd, 2); /* VirGL2 */
+		test_capset(drm_fd, 3); /* GFXSTREAM_VULKAN */
+		test_capset(drm_fd, 9999); /* Invalid (expect failure) */
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Initializes a GPU context with parameters like capset ID and debug name.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-context-init") {
+		struct drm_virtgpu_context_set_param ctx_params[2];
+		struct drm_virtgpu_context_init ctx_init;
+		int ret;
+
+		memset(ctx_params, 0, sizeof(ctx_params));
+
+		ctx_params[0].param = VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_PARAM_CAPSET_ID;
+		ctx_params[0].value = 1;
+
+		ctx_params[1].param = VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_PARAM_DEBUG_NAME;
+		ctx_params[1].value = (uintptr_t) "IGT-Test-Context";
+
+		memset(&ctx_init, 0, sizeof(ctx_init));
+		ctx_init.num_params = 2;
+		ctx_init.ctx_set_params = (uintptr_t)&ctx_params[0];
+
+		ret = ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_INIT, &ctx_init);
+		if (ret == -1 && errno == EEXIST) {
+			igt_info
+			    ("CONTEXT_INIT with params failed as expected (already initialized)\n");
+		} else {
+			igt_assert_f(ret == 0,
+				     "CONTEXT_INIT with params ioctl failed: %s\n",
+				     strerror(errno));
+			igt_info("CONTEXT_INIT with parameters succeeded\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	igt_describe
+	    ("Verifies which VirtIO-GPU features are supported by querying driver parameters.");
+	igt_subtest("drm-virtgpu-getparam") {
+		bool found_supported = false;
+		uint64_t actual_value = 0;
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(params); i++) {
+			struct drm_virtgpu_getparam gp = {
+				.param = params[i].id,
+				.value = (uintptr_t)&actual_value,
+			};
+
+			int ret =
+			    ioctl(drm_fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GETPARAM, &gp);
+			if (ret == 0) {
+				found_supported = true;
+				igt_info("GETPARAM %s (ID=%lu): value = %llu\n",
+					 params[i].name, params[i].id,
+					 gp.value);
+			} else {
+				igt_info("GETPARAM %s (ID=%lu): failed - %s\n",
+					 params[i].name, params[i].id,
+					 strerror(errno));
+			}
+		}
+
+		igt_assert_f(found_supported,
+			     "No GETPARAM query returned a value.");
+	}
+
+	igt_fixture {
+		free(caps_buf);
+		close(drm_fd);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/meson.build b/tests/meson.build
index 20ddddb89..ac85cac30 100644
--- a/tests/meson.build
+++ b/tests/meson.build
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ test_progs = [
 	'drm_buddy',
 	'drm_mm',
 	'drm_read',
+	'drm_virtgpu',
 	'fbdev',
 	'kms_3d',
 	'kms_addfb_basic',
-- 
2.48.1



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