[PATCH] drm/xe: Add WA BB to capture active context utilization

Lucas De Marchi lucas.demarchi at intel.com
Tue Apr 29 21:39:33 UTC 2025


On Fri, Apr 25, 2025 at 12:10:39PM -0700, Umesh Nerlige Ramappa wrote:
>Context Timestamp (CTX_TIMESTAMP) in the lrc accumulates the run ticks
>of the context, but only gets updated when the context switches out. In
>order to check how long a context has been active before it switches
>out, two things are required:
>
>(1) Determine if the context is running:
>
>To do so, we program the wa bb to set an initial value for CTX_TIMESTAMP
>in the lrc. The value chosen is 1 since 0 is the initial value when the
>lrc is initialized. During a query, we just check for this value to
>determine if the context is active. If the context switched out, it
>would overwrite this location with the actual CTX_TIMESTAMP MMIO value.
>Note that wa bb will run after the context has been restored, so reusing

AFAICS it's part of the "context restore" which is composed by, in
order: Ring Context Restore, Engine Context Restore (with possible jump
to Indirect Ctx, controlled by the INDIRECT_CTX_OFFSET) and lastly
Context Restore Batch Buffer.

>this lrc location will not clobber anything.
>
>(2) Calculate the time that the context has been active for:
>
>The CTX_TIMESTAMP ticks only when the context is active. If a context is
>active, we just use the CTX_TIMESTAMP MMIO as the new value of
>utilization. While doing so, we need to read the CTX_TIMESTAMP MMIO
>for the specific engine instance. Since we do not know which instance
>the context is running on until it is scheduled, we also read the
>ENGINE_ID MMIO in the wa bb and store it in the PPHSWP.
>
>Using the above 2 instructions in a WA BB, capture active context
>utilization.
>
>Signed-off-by: Umesh Nerlige Ramappa <umesh.nerlige.ramappa at intel.com>
>---
> .../gpu/drm/xe/instructions/xe_mi_commands.h  |   4 +
> drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_engine_regs.h      |   4 +
> drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_lrc_layout.h       |   1 +
> drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc.c                   | 168 +++++++++++++++++-
> drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc_types.h             |   6 +
> 5 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
>diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/instructions/xe_mi_commands.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/instructions/xe_mi_commands.h
>index eba582058d55..9153a7cd2ceb 100644
>--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/instructions/xe_mi_commands.h
>+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/instructions/xe_mi_commands.h
>@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@
> #define MI_LOAD_REGISTER_MEM		(__MI_INSTR(0x29) | XE_INSTR_NUM_DW(4))
> #define   MI_LRM_USE_GGTT		REG_BIT(22)
>
>+#define MI_STORE_REGISTER_MEM		(__MI_INSTR(0x24) | XE_INSTR_NUM_DW(4))
>+#define   MI_SRM_USE_GGTT		REG_BIT(22)
>+#define   MI_SRM_ADD_CS_OFFSET		REG_BIT(19)
>+
> #define MI_LOAD_REGISTER_REG		(__MI_INSTR(0x2a) | XE_INSTR_NUM_DW(3))
> #define   MI_LRR_DST_CS_MMIO		REG_BIT(19)
> #define   MI_LRR_SRC_CS_MMIO		REG_BIT(18)
>diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_engine_regs.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_engine_regs.h
>index da713634d6a0..cc698136a6f6 100644
>--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_engine_regs.h
>+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_engine_regs.h
>@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
> #define XEHPC_BCS8_RING_BASE			0x3ee000
> #define GSCCS_RING_BASE				0x11a000
>
>+#define ENGINE_ID(base)				XE_REG((base) + 0x8c)
>+#define   ENGINE_INSTANCE_ID			REG_GENMASK(9, 4)
>+#define   ENGINE_CLASS_ID			REG_GENMASK(2, 0)
>+
> #define RING_TAIL(base)				XE_REG((base) + 0x30)
> #define   TAIL_ADDR				REG_GENMASK(20, 3)
>
>diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_lrc_layout.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_lrc_layout.h
>index 57944f90bbf6..210be0ef12f2 100644
>--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_lrc_layout.h
>+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/regs/xe_lrc_layout.h
>@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
> #define CTX_RING_TAIL			(0x06 + 1)
> #define CTX_RING_START			(0x08 + 1)
> #define CTX_RING_CTL			(0x0a + 1)
>+#define CTX_BB_PER_CTX_PTR		(0x12 + 1)
> #define CTX_TIMESTAMP			(0x22 + 1)
> #define CTX_INDIRECT_RING_STATE		(0x26 + 1)
> #define CTX_PDP0_UDW			(0x30 + 1)
>diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc.c
>index 855c8acaf3f1..11eabe4216ef 100644
>--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc.c
>+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc.c
>@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
> #include "xe_hw_fence.h"
> #include "xe_map.h"
> #include "xe_memirq.h"
>+#include "xe_mmio.h"
> #include "xe_sriov.h"
> #include "xe_trace_lrc.h"
> #include "xe_vm.h"
>@@ -654,6 +655,7 @@ u32 xe_lrc_pphwsp_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> #define LRC_START_SEQNO_PPHWSP_OFFSET (LRC_SEQNO_PPHWSP_OFFSET + 8)
> #define LRC_CTX_JOB_TIMESTAMP_OFFSET (LRC_START_SEQNO_PPHWSP_OFFSET + 8)
> #define LRC_PARALLEL_PPHWSP_OFFSET 2048
>+#define LRC_ENGINE_ID_PPHWSP_OFFSET 2096
>
> u32 xe_lrc_regs_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> {
>@@ -697,11 +699,21 @@ static inline u32 __xe_lrc_parallel_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> 	return xe_lrc_pphwsp_offset(lrc) + LRC_PARALLEL_PPHWSP_OFFSET;
> }
>
>+static inline u32 __xe_lrc_engine_id_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
>+{
>+	return xe_lrc_pphwsp_offset(lrc) + LRC_ENGINE_ID_PPHWSP_OFFSET;
>+}
>+
> static u32 __xe_lrc_ctx_timestamp_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> {
> 	return __xe_lrc_regs_offset(lrc) + CTX_TIMESTAMP * sizeof(u32);
> }
>
>+static u32 __xe_lrc_bb_per_ctx_ptr_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
>+{
>+	return __xe_lrc_regs_offset(lrc) + CTX_BB_PER_CTX_PTR * sizeof(u32);
>+}
>+
> static inline u32 __xe_lrc_indirect_ring_offset(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> {
> 	/* Indirect ring state page is at the very end of LRC */
>@@ -731,6 +743,8 @@ DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS(ctx_job_timestamp)
> DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS(ctx_timestamp)
> DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS(parallel)
> DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS(indirect_ring)
>+DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS(bb_per_ctx_ptr)
>+DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS(engine_id)
>
> #undef DECL_MAP_ADDR_HELPERS
>
>@@ -880,6 +894,58 @@ static void xe_lrc_finish(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> 	xe_bo_unpin(lrc->bo);
> 	xe_bo_unlock(lrc->bo);
> 	xe_bo_put(lrc->bo);
>+	xe_bo_unpin_map_no_vm(lrc->bb_per_ctx_bo);
>+}
>+
>+/*
>+ * xe_lrc_setup_utilization() - Setup wa bb to assist in calculating active
>+ * context run ticks.
>+ * @lrc: Pointer to the lrc.
>+ *
>+ * Context Timestamp (CTX_TIMESTAMP) in the lrc accumulates the run ticks of the
>+ * context, but only gets updated when the context switches out. In order to
>+ * check how long a context has been running before it switches out, two things
>+ * are required:
>+ *
>+ * (1) Determine if the context is running
>+ * To do so, we program the wa bb to set an initial value for CTX_TIMESTAMP in
>+ * the lrc. The value chosen is 1 since 0 is the initial value when the lrc is
>+ * initialized. During a query, we just check for this value to determine if the
>+ * context is active. If the context switched out, it would overwrite this
>+ * location with the actual CTX_TIMESTAMP MMIO value. Note that wa bb will run
>+ * after the context has been restored, so reusing this lrc location will not
>+ * clobber anything.
>+ *
>+ * (2) Calculate the time that the context has been running for
>+ * The CTX_TIMESTAMP ticks only when the context is active. If a context is
>+ * active, we just use the CTX_TIMESTAMP MMIO as the new value of utilization.
>+ * While doing so, we need to read the CTX_TIMESTAMP MMIO from the specific
>+ * engine instance. Since we do not know which instance the context is running
>+ * on until it is scheduled, we also read the ENGINE_ID MMIO in the wa bb and
>+ * store it in the PPHSWP.
>+ */
>+
>+static void xe_lrc_setup_utilization(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
>+{
>+	u32 *cmd;
>+
>+	cmd = lrc->bb_per_ctx_bo->vmap.vaddr;
>+
>+	*cmd++ = MI_STORE_REGISTER_MEM | MI_SRM_USE_GGTT | MI_SRM_ADD_CS_OFFSET;
>+	*cmd++ = ENGINE_ID(0).addr;
>+	*cmd++ = __xe_lrc_engine_id_ggtt_addr(lrc);
>+	*cmd++ = 0;
>+
>+        *cmd++ = MI_STORE_DATA_IMM | MI_SDI_GGTT | MI_SDI_NUM_DW(1);
>+        *cmd++ = __xe_lrc_ctx_timestamp_ggtt_addr(lrc);
>+        *cmd++ = 0;
>+        *cmd++ = 1;

some wrong indentantion here.

>+
>+	*cmd++ = MI_BATCH_BUFFER_END;
>+
>+	xe_lrc_write_ctx_reg(lrc, CTX_BB_PER_CTX_PTR,
>+			     xe_bo_ggtt_addr(lrc->bb_per_ctx_bo) | 1);
>+
> }
>
> #define PVC_CTX_ASID		(0x2e + 1)
>@@ -900,6 +966,7 @@ static int xe_lrc_init(struct xe_lrc *lrc, struct xe_hw_engine *hwe,
> 	int err;
>
> 	kref_init(&lrc->refcount);
>+	lrc->gt = gt;
> 	lrc->flags = 0;
> 	lrc_size = ring_size + xe_gt_lrc_size(gt, hwe->class);
> 	if (xe_gt_has_indirect_ring_state(gt))
>@@ -920,6 +987,14 @@ static int xe_lrc_init(struct xe_lrc *lrc, struct xe_hw_engine *hwe,
> 	if (IS_ERR(lrc->bo))
> 		return PTR_ERR(lrc->bo);
>
>+	lrc->bb_per_ctx_bo = xe_bo_create_pin_map(xe, tile, NULL, SZ_4K,
>+						  ttm_bo_type_kernel,
>+						  bo_flags);
>+	if (IS_ERR(lrc->bb_per_ctx_bo)) {
>+		err = PTR_ERR(lrc->bb_per_ctx_bo);
>+		goto err_lrc_finish;
>+	}
>+
> 	lrc->size = lrc_size;
> 	lrc->tile = gt_to_tile(hwe->gt);
> 	lrc->ring.size = ring_size;
>@@ -1026,6 +1101,8 @@ static int xe_lrc_init(struct xe_lrc *lrc, struct xe_hw_engine *hwe,
> 	map = __xe_lrc_start_seqno_map(lrc);
> 	xe_map_write32(lrc_to_xe(lrc), &map, lrc->fence_ctx.next_seqno - 1);
>
>+	xe_lrc_setup_utilization(lrc);
>+
> 	return 0;
>
> err_lrc_finish:
>@@ -1245,6 +1322,21 @@ struct iosys_map xe_lrc_parallel_map(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
> 	return __xe_lrc_parallel_map(lrc);
> }
>
>+/**
>+ * xe_lrc_engine_id() - Read engine id value
>+ * @lrc: Pointer to the lrc.
>+ *
>+ * Returns: context id value
>+ */
>+static u32 xe_lrc_engine_id(struct xe_lrc *lrc)
>+{
>+	struct xe_device *xe = lrc_to_xe(lrc);
>+	struct iosys_map map;
>+
>+	map = __xe_lrc_engine_id_map(lrc);
>+	return xe_map_read32(xe, &map);
>+}
>+
> static int instr_dw(u32 cmd_header)
> {
> 	/* GFXPIPE "SINGLE_DW" opcodes are a single dword */
>@@ -1792,21 +1884,93 @@ void xe_lrc_snapshot_free(struct xe_lrc_snapshot *snapshot)
> 	kfree(snapshot);
> }
>
>+static u32 get_ctx_timestamp(struct xe_lrc *lrc, u32 engine_id)
>+{
>+	static u32 base[XE_ENGINE_CLASS_MAX][XE_HW_ENGINE_MAX_INSTANCE] = {
>+		{
>+			RENDER_RING_BASE,
>+		},
>+		{
>+			BSD_RING_BASE,
>+			BSD2_RING_BASE,
>+			BSD3_RING_BASE,
>+			BSD4_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHP_BSD5_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHP_BSD6_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHP_BSD7_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHP_BSD8_RING_BASE,
>+		},
>+		{
>+			VEBOX_RING_BASE,
>+			VEBOX2_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHP_VEBOX3_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHP_VEBOX4_RING_BASE,
>+		},
>+		{
>+			BLT_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS1_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS2_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS3_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS4_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS5_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS6_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS7_RING_BASE,
>+			XEHPC_BCS8_RING_BASE,
>+		},
>+		{ 0 },
>+		{
>+			COMPUTE0_RING_BASE,
>+			COMPUTE1_RING_BASE,
>+			COMPUTE2_RING_BASE,
>+			COMPUTE3_RING_BASE,
>+		},
>+	};
>+	u32 c = REG_FIELD_GET(ENGINE_CLASS_ID, engine_id);
>+	u32 i = REG_FIELD_GET(ENGINE_INSTANCE_ID, engine_id);

humn... do we really need this mapping? Couldn't we lookup a hwe from
class + instance and then xe_hw_engine_mmio_read32() It doesn't seem like
this lookup belongs here.

>+	u32 mmio_base = base[c][i];
>+
>+	if (xe_gt_WARN_ONCE(lrc->gt, !mmio_base,
>+			    "Unexpected engine c:i %d:%d for context utilization\n",
>+			    c, i))
>+		return 0;
>+
>+	return xe_mmio_read32(&lrc->gt->mmio, RING_CTX_TIMESTAMP(mmio_base));
>+}
>+
> /**
>  * xe_lrc_update_timestamp() - Update ctx timestamp
>  * @lrc: Pointer to the lrc.
>  * @old_ts: Old timestamp value
>  *
>  * Populate @old_ts current saved ctx timestamp, read new ctx timestamp and
>- * update saved value.
>+ * update saved value. With support for active contexts, the calculation may be
>+ * slightly racy, so follow a read-again logic to ensure that the context is
>+ * still active before returning the right timestamp.
>  *
>  * Returns: New ctx timestamp value
>  */
> u32 xe_lrc_update_timestamp(struct xe_lrc *lrc, u32 *old_ts)
> {
>+	u32 ctx_lrc, ctx_reg, engine_id;
>+
> 	*old_ts = lrc->ctx_timestamp;
>
>-	lrc->ctx_timestamp = xe_lrc_ctx_timestamp(lrc);
>+	ctx_lrc = xe_lrc_ctx_timestamp(lrc);
>+	if (ctx_lrc == 1) {

so in the rare case this clashes with a real sched-out value, the
outcome will be that we will read a bogus timestamp and the math will be
totally invalid. Maybe start using the entire u64 counter for this since
it would then not wrap in practice?

Lucas De Marchi

>+		engine_id = xe_lrc_engine_id(lrc);
>+		ctx_reg = get_ctx_timestamp(lrc, engine_id);
>+		if (!ctx_reg)
>+			lrc->ctx_timestamp = *old_ts;
>+		else
>+			lrc->ctx_timestamp = ctx_reg;
>+
>+		/* read lrc again to ensure context is still active */
>+		ctx_lrc = xe_lrc_ctx_timestamp(lrc);
>+	}
>+
>+	/* If context switched out, just use the lrc value */
>+	if (ctx_lrc != 1)
>+		lrc->ctx_timestamp = ctx_lrc;
>
> 	trace_xe_lrc_update_timestamp(lrc, *old_ts);
>
>diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc_types.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc_types.h
>index 71ecb453f811..1c973d71ba98 100644
>--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc_types.h
>+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_lrc_types.h
>@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ struct xe_lrc {
> 	/** @tile: tile which this LRC belongs to */
> 	struct xe_tile *tile;
>
>+	/** @gt: gt which this LRC belongs to */
>+	struct xe_gt *gt;
>+
> 	/** @flags: LRC flags */
> #define XE_LRC_FLAG_INDIRECT_RING_STATE		0x1
> 	u32 flags;
>@@ -53,6 +56,9 @@ struct xe_lrc {
>
> 	/** @ctx_timestamp: readout value of CTX_TIMESTAMP on last update */
> 	u32 ctx_timestamp;
>+
>+	/** @bb_per_ctx_bo: buffer object for per context batch wa buffer */
>+	struct xe_bo *bb_per_ctx_bo;
> };
>
> struct xe_lrc_snapshot;
>-- 
>2.43.0
>


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