<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"> </div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Mar 4, 2022 at 9:43 AM Aleksander Morgado <<a href="mailto:aleksander@aleksander.es">aleksander@aleksander.es</a>> wrote: </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Hey, > I need some help in establishing simultaneous interfaces to multiple APNs. > > I have an Ubuntu 20.04 system with a single cellular modem attached via USB in an IoT application. My problem is that I need to drive traffic through two different APNs when registered to the same cellular network. Each APN serves a different purpose -- different services with different billing are to occur on each. > > I've tried multiple ways to do this. While I can get connected with two APNs, I can only get an interface name for one of the connections. I need a separate interface name for each so that I can place the respective flow of traffic through the appropriate interface and onto the correct APN. My application needs both to be available simultaneously. Going back and forth between building up and tearing down each of them is not an acceptable solution. > > I tried three different things and none have brought happiness: > > (1) Using mmcli in debug mode with a set of AT commands for each APN: using the sequence AT+GDCONT, AT+XGAUTH, and AT+CGACT with parameters relevant for the first APN and then again with the sequence AT+GDCONT, AT+XGAUTH, and AT+CGACT for the second APN. This is successful, and I obtain assigned IP addresses for each APN. However, neither of the APNs are assigned to an interface and I don't know how to funnel traffic to each. > > (2) I have used the bearer features of mmcli. I have run "mmcli -m <modem-number> --create-bearer=<key-value pairs>" two times, each with the proper key-value pairs for the respective APNs. When I later run "mmcli -m <modem_number>", I see both bearers. I then run "mmcli -m <modem-number> --bearer <bearer-number> --connect". This works the first time for the first APN/bearer, and I have an interface assigned. But I get the following error when next running " mmcli -m <modem-number> --bearer <bearer-number> --connect" for the second APN/bearer: > error: couldn't connect the bearer: 'GDBusError: org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Error.Core.NotFound: No valid data port to launch connection' > > (3) I've put multiple connection keyfiles in the /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections directory. I run "nmcli con reload" and then "nmcli --wait 120 con up id <name_of_first_connection>". This works as I get connected to the first APN, get assigned an IP address, and get an interface association (wwan0). However, when I run "nmcli --wait 120 con up id <name_of_second_connection>", this works, but it displaces the first connection, so I am only left with the second connection on interface wwan0. The first connection is no longer available. > > My Ubuntu 20.04 system has mmcli 1.16.6 and nmcli 1.22.10. I could also install mbimcli 1.24.8, although it is not currently part of the system image. > > Ideas on how to accomplish what I am after? Your modem needs to be QMI or MBIM based, and you need to install ModemManager 1.18, which is the first version supporting multiplexing. Once you have that, you can: * run Modem.SimpleConnect() with"multiplex=required" Or: * start the ModemManager daemon with the additional --test-multiplex-requested option. My suggestion is to use the 2nd option, just start MM with --test-multiplex-requested so that any attempt to start a connection (e.g. via NetworkManager) will trigger the multiplex setup. When running with multiplex enabled, ModemManager will create a new virtual network interface for each APN connection, and then you can handle custom routing rules in the host for each of them. I talked a bit about this feature in the FOSDEM2022 talk earlier this year, if you're interested: <a href="https://fosdem.org/2022/schedule/event/mobile_modemmanager/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://fosdem.org/2022/schedule/event/mobile_modemmanager/</a> -- Aleksander <a href="https://aleksander.es" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://aleksander.es</a></blockquote> I attempted to use mmcli 1.18.6 and nmcli 1.36.0 with network manager and keyfiles to create multiple simultaneous connections to two different APNs with a USB cellular modem on an Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish 22.04 system. The ModemManager.service file had the debug and test-multiplex-requested options activated on the ExecStart line. Short summary of results: This sequence of commands (sudo nmcli con reload, sudo nmcli --wait 300 con up id conn1, sudo nmcli --wait 300 con up id conn2) did not produce multiple simultaneous packet data network connections, but rather the second connection displaced the first. More details starting from the beginning: After booting and logging in, I plugged in the modem into the system, it reported this configuration: <pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~$ ifconfig</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet6 fe80::ad94:11a5:b4a6:eada prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> ether 00:0c:29:df:a4:a1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX packets 43 bytes 7024 (7.0 KB)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> device interrupt 19 base 0x2000 </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX packets 407 bytes 30924 (30.9 KB)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX packets 407 bytes 30924 (30.9 KB)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0</pre> <pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ ip link list</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/ether 00:0c:29:df:a4:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> altname enp2s1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">4: wwan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP> mtu 1428 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ route</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Kernel IP routing table</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""><empty></pre> I placed two files, named conn1 and conn2, into /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections. These files were both structured like the following, although the id, uuid, apn, username and password were set to appropriately different values: <pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">[connection]</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">id=conn1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">uuid=201846b6-5c29-4475-8d07-91fca39beb35</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">type=gsm</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">autoconnect=false</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">secondaries=</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">interface-name=cdc-wdm0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">[gsm]</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">apn=apnname1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">number=*99#</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">password-flags=0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">username=apnuser1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">password=apnpass1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">[ppp]</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">noauth=false</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">refuse-chap=true</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">refuse-eap=true</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">refuse-mschap=true</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">refuse-mschapv2=true</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">[ipv4]</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">dns-search=</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">method=auto</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">[ipv6]</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">dns-search=</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">ip6-privacy=0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">method=ignore</pre> I ran “sudo nmcli con reload” and then “sudo nmcli --wait 300 con up id conn1”. This worked. This was the result on the networking arrangements: <pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ ifconfig</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""><ens33 and lo omitted for brevity’s sake; they are identical to first listing></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">mbimmux0.1: flags=4291<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1428</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet 10.3.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.3.1.255</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX packets 28 bytes 3117 (3.1 KB)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">wwan0: flags=67<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING> mtu 1428</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet6 fe80::28b3:6eff:fe9a:d36a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX packets 33 bytes 3169 (3.1 KB)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ ip link list</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""><1: lo and 2: ens33 omitted for brevity’s sake; they are identical to first listing></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">4: wwan0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1428 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">5: mbimmux0.1@wwan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1428 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ route</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Kernel IP routing table</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">default _gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 20700 0 0 mbimmux0.1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">10.3.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 700 0 0 mbimmux0.1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">link-local 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 mbimmux0.1</pre> The connectivity through this connection to the first APN worked fine. I then attempted to establish a connection to the second APN with “sudo nmcli --wait 300 con up id conn2”. The command reported “Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/14)”. However, the connection to the first APN no longer worked and my connectivity was only to the second APN. This was the result on the networking arrangements: <pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ ifconfig</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""><ens33 and lo omitted for brevity’s sake; they are identical to first listing></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">mbimmux0.1: flags=67<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING> mtu 1428</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet 10.3.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.3.1.255</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX packets 3 bytes 126 (126.0 B)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">wwan0: flags=67<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING> mtu 1428</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> inet6 fe80::28b3:6eff:fe9a:d36a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX packets 39 bytes 3556 (3.5 KB)</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ ip link list</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""><1: lo and 2: ens33 omitted for brevity’s sake; they are identical to first listing></pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">4: wwan0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1428 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">6: mbimmux0.1@wwan0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1428 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> link/ether 2a:b3:6e:9a:d3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">user@ubuntu22a:~/Documents$ route</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Kernel IP routing table</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">default _gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 20700 0 0 mbimmux0.1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">10.3.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 700 0 0 mbimmux0.1</pre><pre style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New"">link-local 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 mbimmux0.1</pre> Notice that in comparing the output from “ip link list” that the index number for “mbimmux0.1@wwan0” has changed from 5 to 6. Thus, using this sequence of commands, sudo nmcli con reload nmcli --wait 300 con up id conn1 nmcli --wait 300 con up id conn2 did not achieve two simultaneous packet data network connections, but rather the second connection has displaced the first. This seems to have involved the multiplexing in some way, as evidenced by the mbimmux.0.1 appearing in the “ifconfig” and “ip link list” outputs. <div>Any suggestions on how to make this work using the nmcli and connection keyfiles? </div></div></div>