[systemd-commits] 11 commits - .gitignore Makefile.am TODO configure.ac src/journal src/libsystemd-bus src/shared src/stdio-bridge

Lennart Poettering lennart at kemper.freedesktop.org
Wed Mar 20 15:08:40 PDT 2013


 .gitignore                              |    4 
 Makefile.am                             |   70 
 TODO                                    |    3 
 configure.ac                            |    4 
 src/journal/journal-gatewayd.c          |    1 
 src/libsystemd-bus/Makefile             |    1 
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c        |  336 +++
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c          |  170 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h          |   29 
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.c       |   22 
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h       |  106 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c        | 2766 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h        |  130 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.c      |  141 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.h      |   31 
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.c           |  163 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.h           |   34 
 src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c             |  106 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h    |  105 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c             | 1529 +++++++++++++++++
 src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h             |  152 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-chat.c      |  242 ++
 src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c   |  170 +
 src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-signature.c |   74 
 src/shared/macro.h                      |    4 
 src/shared/util.c                       |   89 +
 src/shared/util.h                       |    4 
 src/stdio-bridge/stdio-bridge.c         |    2 
 28 files changed, 6484 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

New commits:
commit 09f727eebd87661f263d3c2c1e0de7b7771acd40
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Wed Mar 20 22:57:55 2013 +0100

    update TODO

diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index b441700..1915412 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ Features:
   - Use for seamless upgrades, by running the new server before stopping the
     old.
 
+* after all byte-wise realloc() is slow, even on glibc, so i guess we
+  need manual exponential loops after all
+
 * BootLoaderSpec: drop allowing ext234 for $BOOT. Clarify that the
   kernel has to be in $BOOT. Clarify that the boot loader should be
   installed to the ESP. Define a way how an installer can figure out

commit 89ffcd2ad5bf87866314e96c4179ba622851cd6e
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Wed Mar 20 22:56:25 2013 +0100

    bus: hook up client with socket communication

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 917b066..2d95f14 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 /ata_id
 /bootctl
 /build-aux
+/busctl
 /cdrom_id
 /collect
 /gtk-doc.make
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@
 /tags
 /test-bus-marshal
 /test-bus-signature
+/test-bus-chat
 /test-calendarspec
 /test-catalog
 /test-cgroup
diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index c94c192..d8e9b16 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -1654,12 +1654,19 @@ libsystemd_bus_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.c \
 	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.h
 
+libsystemd_bus_la_LIBADD =  \
+	libsystemd-id128-internal.la
+
 noinst_LTLIBRARIES += \
         libsystemd-bus.la
 
 noinst_tests += \
 	test-bus-marshal \
-	test-bus-signature
+	test-bus-signature \
+	test-bus-chat
+
+noinst_PROGRAMS += \
+	busctl
 
 test_bus_marshal_SOURCES = \
 	src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
@@ -1682,6 +1689,25 @@ test_bus_signature_LDADD = \
 	libsystemd-shared.la \
 	libsystemd-bus.la
 
+test_bus_chat_SOURCES = \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-chat.c
+
+test_bus_chat_CFLAGS = \
+	$(AM_CFLAGS) \
+	-pthread
+
+test_bus_chat_LDADD = \
+	libsystemd-shared.la \
+	libsystemd-bus.la \
+	libsystemd-id128-internal.la
+
+busctl_SOURCES = \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c
+
+busctl_LDADD = \
+	libsystemd-shared.la \
+	libsystemd-bus.la
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if ENABLE_GTK_DOC
 SUBDIRS += \
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c
index e4cc251..50e1a2c 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ int sd_bus_release_name(sd_bus *bus, const char *name) {
 
 int sd_bus_list_names(sd_bus *bus, char ***l) {
         _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m1 = NULL, *reply1 = NULL, *m2 = NULL, *reply2 = NULL;
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL, **b = NULL;
         char **x = NULL;
         int r;
 
@@ -144,17 +143,17 @@ int sd_bus_list_names(sd_bus *bus, char ***l) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply1, "as", &a);
-        if (r < 0)
+        r = bus_message_read_strv_extend(reply1, &x);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                strv_free(x);
                 return r;
+        }
 
-        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply2, "as", &b);
-        if (r < 0)
+        r = bus_message_read_strv_extend(reply2, &x);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                strv_free(x);
                 return r;
-
-        x = strv_merge(a, b);
-        if (!x)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
 
         *l = strv_uniq(x);
         return 0;
@@ -162,6 +161,7 @@ int sd_bus_list_names(sd_bus *bus, char ***l) {
 
 int sd_bus_get_owner(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char **owner) {
         _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        const char *found;
         int r;
 
         if (!bus)
@@ -187,7 +187,21 @@ int sd_bus_get_owner(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char **owner) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        return sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", owner);
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &found);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (owner) {
+                char *t;
+
+                t = strdup(found);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *owner = t;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
 int sd_bus_get_owner_uid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, uid_t *uid) {
@@ -245,7 +259,7 @@ int sd_bus_get_owner_pid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, pid_t *pid) {
                         "org.freedesktop.DBus",
                         "/",
                         "org.freedesktop.DBus",
-                        "GetConnectionUnixUser",
+                        "GetConnectionUnixProcessID",
                         &m);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
index 015fae7..f86da62 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
 }
 
 int sd_bus_error_copy(sd_bus_error *dest, const sd_bus_error *e) {
+        char *x, *y = NULL;
+
         if (!dest)
                 return 0;
         if (bus_error_is_dirty(dest))
@@ -93,27 +95,21 @@ int sd_bus_error_copy(sd_bus_error *dest, const sd_bus_error *e) {
         if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
                 return 0;
 
-        if (e->need_free) {
-                char *x, *y = NULL;
+        x = strdup(e->name);
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOMEM;
 
-                x = strdup(e->name);
-                if (!x)
+        if (e->message) {
+                y = strdup(e->message);
+                if (!y) {
+                        free(x);
                         return -ENOMEM;
-
-                if (e->message) {
-                        y = strdup(e->message);
-                        if (!y) {
-                                free(x);
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-                        }
                 }
+        }
 
-                dest->name = x;
-                dest->message = y;
-                dest->need_free = true;
-        } else
-                *dest = *e;
-
+        dest->name = x;
+        dest->message = y;
+        dest->need_free = true;
         return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h
index d8cdc48..9a12d66 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ enum bus_state {
         BUS_OPENING,
         BUS_AUTHENTICATING,
         BUS_HELLO,
-        BUS_RUNNING,
-        BUS_CLOSED
+        BUS_RUNNING
 };
 
 struct sd_bus {
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ struct sd_bus {
         int fd;
         int message_version;
         bool can_fds:1;
-        bool send_hello:1;
+        bool sent_hello:1;
 
         void *rbuffer;
         size_t rbuffer_size;
@@ -99,3 +98,9 @@ struct sd_bus {
         size_t auth_size;
         char *auth_uid;
 };
+
+static inline void bus_unrefp(sd_bus **b) {
+        sd_bus_unref(*b);
+}
+
+#define _cleanup_bus_unref_ __attribute__((cleanup(bus_unrefp)))
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
index 5f3dbdb..c385ef5 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "util.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
+#include "strv.h"
 
 #include "sd-bus.h"
 #include "bus-message.h"
@@ -322,6 +323,8 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_signal(
         if (!t)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        t->header->flags |= SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED;
+
         r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_PATH, SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, path, &t->path);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
@@ -409,6 +412,7 @@ static int message_new_reply(
         if (!t)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        t->header->flags |= SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED;
         t->reply_serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(call);
 
         r = message_append_field_uint32(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL, t->reply_serial);
@@ -424,6 +428,7 @@ static int message_new_reply(
         t->dont_send = !!(call->header->flags & SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED);
 
         *m = t;
+        return 0;
 
 fail:
         message_free(t);
@@ -1891,7 +1896,7 @@ eof:
         return 0;
 }
 
-int sd_bus_message_rewind(sd_bus_message *m, bool complete) {
+int sd_bus_message_rewind(sd_bus_message *m, int complete) {
         struct bus_container *c;
 
         if (!m)
@@ -2424,6 +2429,10 @@ static int message_parse_fields(sd_bus_message *m) {
                 break;
         }
 
+        /* Try to read the error message, but if we can't it's a non-issue */
+        if (m->header->type == SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR)
+                sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &m->error.message);
+
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2724,3 +2733,34 @@ int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz) {
 
         return 0;
 }
+
+int bus_message_read_strv_extend(sd_bus_message *m, char ***l) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(l);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "s");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *s;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, 's', &s);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = strv_extend(l, s);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
index 3035efc..0184d18 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ static inline void bus_message_unrefp(sd_bus_message **m) {
 
 #define _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ __attribute__((cleanup(bus_message_unrefp)))
 
-int bus_message_parse(sd_bus_message *m);
 int bus_message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial);
 int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m);
 int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz);
 int bus_message_from_malloc(void *buffer, size_t length, sd_bus_message **ret);
+int bus_message_read_strv_extend(sd_bus_message *m, char ***l);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c
index 88446fc..7348894 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c
@@ -19,15 +19,22 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+
 #include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
         char **i;
         int r;
+        size_t max_i = 0;
 
-        r = bus_open_system(&bus);
+        r = sd_bus_open_user(&bus);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to connect to bus: %s", strerror(-r));
                 goto fail;
@@ -39,26 +46,57 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 goto fail;
         }
 
+        strv_sort(l);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                max_i = MAX(max_i, strlen(*i));
+
+        printf("%-*s %*s %-*s %-*s CONNECTION\n",
+               (int) max_i, "NAME", 10, "PID", 15, "PROCESS", 16, "USER");
+
         STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *owner = NULL;
-                pid_t pid = 0;
+                pid_t pid;
                 uid_t uid;
-                bool uid_valid;
 
-                r = sd_bus_get_owner(bus, *i, &owner);
-                if (r == -ENXIO)
-                        continue;
+                /* if ((*i)[0] == ':') */
+                /*         continue; */
+
+                printf("%-*s", (int) max_i, *i);
 
-                r = sd_get_owner_pid(bus, *i, &pid);
-                if (r == -ENXIO)
-                        continue;
+                r = sd_bus_get_owner_pid(bus, *i, &pid);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *comm = NULL;
 
-                r = sd_get_owner_uid(bus, *i, &pid);
-                if (r == -ENXIO)
-                        continue;
-                uid_valid = r >= 0;
+                        printf(" %10lu", (unsigned long) pid);
 
-                printf("%s (%s) %llu %llu\n", *i, owner, (unsigned long long) pid, (unsigned long long) uid);
+                        get_process_comm(pid, &comm);
+                        printf(" %-15s", strna(comm));
+                } else
+                        printf("          - -              ");
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_owner_uid(bus, *i, &uid);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+
+                        u = uid_to_name(uid);
+                        if (!u) {
+                                log_oom();
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (strlen(u) > 16)
+                                u[16] = 0;
+
+                        printf(" %-16s", u);
+                } else
+                        printf(" -               ");
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_owner(bus, *i, &owner);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        printf(" %s\n", owner);
+                else
+                        printf(" -\n");
         }
 
         r = 0;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
index c5cbb56..f27d47c 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 
 static void bus_free(sd_bus *b) {
         struct filter_callback *f;
+        unsigned i;
 
         assert(b);
 
@@ -46,9 +47,17 @@ static void bus_free(sd_bus *b) {
                 close_nointr_nofail(b->fd);
 
         free(b->rbuffer);
+        free(b->unique_name);
+        free(b->auth_uid);
+        free(b->address);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < b->rqueue_size; i++)
+                sd_bus_message_unref(b->rqueue[i]);
         free(b->rqueue);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < b->wqueue_size; i++)
+                sd_bus_message_unref(b->wqueue[i]);
         free(b->wqueue);
-        free(b->unique_name);
 
         hashmap_free_free(b->reply_callbacks);
 
@@ -122,24 +131,19 @@ static int bus_send_hello(sd_bus *bus) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        return 0;
+        bus->sent_hello = true;
+        return r;
 }
 
 static int bus_start_running(sd_bus *bus) {
-        int r;
-
         assert(bus);
 
-        if (bus->send_hello) {
+        if (bus->sent_hello) {
                 bus->state = BUS_HELLO;
-
-                r = bus_send_hello(bus);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
+                return 0;
         }
 
         bus->state = BUS_RUNNING;
-
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ static int parse_address_key(const char **p, const char *key, char **value) {
         assert(value);
 
         l = strlen(key);
-        if (!strncmp(*p, key, l) != 0)
+        if (strncmp(*p, key, l) != 0)
                 return 0;
 
         if ((*p)[l] != '=')
@@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ static int parse_address_key(const char **p, const char *key, char **value) {
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         a = *p + l + 1;
-        while (*a != ';' && *a != 0) {
+        while (*a != ',' && *a != 0) {
                 char c, *t;
 
                 if (*a == '%') {
@@ -182,12 +186,14 @@ static int parse_address_key(const char **p, const char *key, char **value) {
                                 return y;
                         }
 
-                        a += 3;
                         c = (char) ((x << 4) | y);
-                } else
+                        a += 3;
+                } else {
                         c = *a;
+                        a++;
+                }
 
-                t = realloc(r, n + 1);
+                t = realloc(r, n + 2);
                 if (!t) {
                         free(r);
                         return -ENOMEM;
@@ -197,6 +203,16 @@ static int parse_address_key(const char **p, const char *key, char **value) {
                 r[n++] = c;
         }
 
+        if (!r) {
+                r = strdup("");
+                if (!r)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else
+                r[n] = 0;
+
+        if (*a == ',')
+                a++;
+
         *p = a;
         *value = r;
         return 1;
@@ -206,7 +222,10 @@ static void skip_address_key(const char **p) {
         assert(p);
         assert(*p);
 
-        *p += strcspn(*p, ";");
+        *p += strcspn(*p, ",");
+
+        if (**p == ',')
+                (*p) ++;
 }
 
 static int bus_parse_next_address(sd_bus *b) {
@@ -231,7 +250,7 @@ static int bus_parse_next_address(sd_bus *b) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *abstract = NULL;
 
                 p = a + 5;
-                while (*p != 0 && *p != ';') {
+                while (*p != 0) {
                         r = parse_address_key(&p, "guid", &guid);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
@@ -272,13 +291,13 @@ static int bus_parse_next_address(sd_bus *b) {
                 } else if (abstract) {
                         size_t l;
 
-                        l = strlen(path);
+                        l = strlen(abstract);
                         if (l > sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path) - 1)
                                 return -E2BIG;
 
                         b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
                         b->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
-                        strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, path, sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
+                        strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, abstract, sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
                         b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + l;
                 }
 
@@ -287,7 +306,7 @@ static int bus_parse_next_address(sd_bus *b) {
                 struct addrinfo hints, *result;
 
                 p = a + 4;
-                while (*p != 0 && *p != ';') {
+                while (*p != 0) {
                         r = parse_address_key(&p, "guid", &guid);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
@@ -409,7 +428,7 @@ static int bus_auth_verify(sd_bus *b) {
         if (!e)
                 return 0;
 
-        f = memmem(e, b->rbuffer_size - (e - (char*) b->rbuffer), "\r\n", 2);
+        f = memmem(e + 2, b->rbuffer_size - (e - (char*) b->rbuffer) - 2, "\r\n", 2);
         if (!f)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -423,7 +442,7 @@ static int bus_auth_verify(sd_bus *b) {
                 int x, y;
 
                 x = unhexchar(((char*) b->rbuffer)[3 + i]);
-                y = unhexchar(((char*) b->rbuffer)[3 + i + 2]);
+                y = unhexchar(((char*) b->rbuffer)[3 + i + 1]);
 
                 if (x < 0 || y < 0)
                         return -EINVAL;
@@ -446,6 +465,8 @@ static int bus_auth_verify(sd_bus *b) {
                 memmove(b->rbuffer, f + 2, b->rbuffer_size);
         }
 
+        b->rbuffer_size = 0;
+
         r = bus_start_running(b);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
@@ -459,6 +480,7 @@ static int bus_read_auth(sd_bus *b) {
         size_t n;
         ssize_t k;
         int r;
+        void *p;
 
         assert(b);
 
@@ -467,6 +489,11 @@ static int bus_read_auth(sd_bus *b) {
                 return r;
 
         n = MAX(3 + 32 + 2 + sizeof("AGREE_UNIX_FD") - 1 + 2, b->rbuffer_size * 2);
+        p = realloc(b->rbuffer, n);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b->rbuffer = p;
 
         zero(iov);
         iov.iov_base = (uint8_t*) b->rbuffer + b->rbuffer_size;
@@ -490,7 +517,7 @@ static int bus_read_auth(sd_bus *b) {
 }
 
 static int bus_start_auth(sd_bus *b) {
-        static const char auth_prefix[] = "\0AUTH_EXTERNAL ";
+        static const char auth_prefix[] = "\0AUTH EXTERNAL ";
         static const char auth_suffix[] = "\r\nNEGOTIATE_UNIX_FD\r\nBEGIN\r\n";
 
         char text[20 + 1]; /* enough space for a 64bit integer plus NUL */
@@ -570,25 +597,25 @@ int sd_bus_open_system(sd_bus **ret) {
                 r = sd_bus_open_address(e, &b);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
+        } else {
+                b = bus_new();
+                if (!b)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-                b->send_hello = true;
-                *ret = b;
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        b = bus_new();
-        if (!b)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        b->send_hello = true;
+                b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+                strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket", sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path));
+                b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof("/run/dbus/system_bus_socket") - 1;
 
-        b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
-        strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket", sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path));
-        b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof("/run/dbus/system_bus_socket") - 1;
+                r = bus_start_connect(b);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        bus_free(b);
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
 
-        r = bus_start_connect(b);
+        r = bus_send_hello(b);
         if (r < 0) {
-                bus_free(b);
+                sd_bus_unref(b);
                 return r;
         }
 
@@ -610,33 +637,33 @@ int sd_bus_open_user(sd_bus **ret) {
                 r = sd_bus_open_address(e, &b);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
+        } else {
+                e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOENT;
 
-                b->send_hello = true;
-                *ret = b;
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
-        if (!e)
-                return -ENOENT;
-
-        l = strlen(e);
-        if (l + 4 > sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path))
-                return -E2BIG;
+                l = strlen(e);
+                if (l + 4 > sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path))
+                        return -E2BIG;
 
-        b = bus_new();
-        if (!b)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                b = bus_new();
+                if (!b)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-        b->send_hello = true;
+                b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+                memcpy(mempcpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, e, l), "/bus", 4);
+                b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + l + 4;
 
-        b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
-        memcpy(mempcpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, e, l), "/bus", 4);
-        b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + l + 4;
+                r = bus_start_connect(b);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        bus_free(b);
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
 
-        r = bus_start_connect(b);
+        r = bus_send_hello(b);
         if (r < 0) {
-                bus_free(b);
+                sd_bus_unref(b);
                 return r;
         }
 
@@ -747,6 +774,8 @@ int sd_bus_can_send(sd_bus *bus, char type) {
 
         if (!bus)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (bus->state != BUS_RUNNING && bus->state != BUS_HELLO)
+                return -EAGAIN;
 
         if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD)
                 return bus->can_fds;
@@ -757,6 +786,9 @@ int sd_bus_can_send(sd_bus *bus, char type) {
 static int bus_seal_message(sd_bus *b, sd_bus_message *m) {
         assert(m);
 
+        if (m->header->version > b->message_version)
+                return -EPERM;
+
         if (m->sealed)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -773,6 +805,7 @@ static int message_write(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, size_t *idx) {
         assert(bus);
         assert(m);
         assert(idx);
+        assert(bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO);
 
         n = m->n_iovec * sizeof(struct iovec);
         iov = alloca(n);
@@ -792,7 +825,7 @@ static int message_write(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, size_t *idx) {
         *idx += (size_t) k;
         iovec_advance(iov, &j, *idx);
 
-        return j > m->n_iovec;
+        return j >= m->n_iovec;
 }
 
 static int message_read_need(sd_bus *bus, size_t *need) {
@@ -801,8 +834,9 @@ static int message_read_need(sd_bus *bus, size_t *need) {
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(need);
+        assert(bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO);
 
-        if (bus->rbuffer_size <= sizeof(struct bus_header)) {
+        if (bus->rbuffer_size < sizeof(struct bus_header)) {
                 *need = sizeof(struct bus_header);
                 return 0;
         }
@@ -818,9 +852,9 @@ static int message_read_need(sd_bus *bus, size_t *need) {
                 a = be32toh(a);
                 b = be32toh(b);
         } else
-                return -EIO;
+                return -EBADMSG;
 
-        *need = sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(a, 8) + b;
+        *need = sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(b, 8) + a;
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -832,6 +866,7 @@ static int message_make(sd_bus *bus, size_t size, sd_bus_message **m) {
         assert(bus);
         assert(m);
         assert(bus->rbuffer_size >= size);
+        assert(bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO);
 
         if (bus->rbuffer_size > size) {
                 b = memdup((const uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + size, bus->rbuffer_size - size);
@@ -850,12 +885,6 @@ static int message_make(sd_bus *bus, size_t size, sd_bus_message **m) {
         bus->rbuffer = b;
         bus->rbuffer_size -= size;
 
-        r = bus_message_parse(t);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                sd_bus_message_unref(t);
-                return r;
-        }
-
         *m = t;
         return 1;
 }
@@ -870,6 +899,7 @@ static int message_read(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m) {
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(m);
+        assert(bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO);
 
         r = message_read_need(bus, &need);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -882,6 +912,8 @@ static int message_read(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m) {
         if (!b)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        bus->rbuffer = b;
+
         zero(iov);
         iov.iov_base = (uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + bus->rbuffer_size;
         iov.iov_len = need - bus->rbuffer_size;
@@ -910,6 +942,7 @@ static int dispatch_wqueue(sd_bus *bus) {
         int r, c = 0;
 
         assert(bus);
+        assert(bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO);
 
         if (bus->fd < 0)
                 return -ENOTCONN;
@@ -951,6 +984,7 @@ static int dispatch_rqueue(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m) {
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(m);
+        assert(bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO);
 
         if (bus->fd < 0)
                 return -ENOTCONN;
@@ -983,8 +1017,6 @@ int sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial) {
                 return -ENOTCONN;
         if (!m)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (m->header->version > bus->message_version)
-                return -EPERM;
 
         r = bus_seal_message(bus, m);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -995,7 +1027,7 @@ int sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial) {
         if (m->dont_send && !serial)
                 return 0;
 
-        if (bus->wqueue_size <= 0) {
+        if ((bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO) && bus->wqueue_size <= 0) {
                 size_t idx = 0;
 
                 r = message_write(bus, m, &idx);
@@ -1057,14 +1089,20 @@ int sd_bus_send_with_reply(
 
         if (!bus)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (!bus->fd < 0)
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
                 return -ENOTCONN;
         if (!m)
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!callback)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (!m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+        if (m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->header->flags & SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&bus->reply_callbacks, uint64_hash_func, uint64_compare_func);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         r = bus_seal_message(bus, m);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -1111,6 +1149,30 @@ int sd_bus_send_with_reply_cancel(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t serial) {
         return 1;
 }
 
+static int ensure_running(sd_bus *bus) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        r = sd_bus_is_running(bus);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                r = sd_bus_process(bus, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_is_running(bus);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
 int sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 sd_bus_message *m,
@@ -1125,14 +1187,20 @@ int sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(
 
         if (!bus)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (!bus->fd < 0)
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
                 return -ENOTCONN;
         if (!m)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (!m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+        if (m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (sd_bus_error_is_dirty(error))
+        if (m->header->flags & SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (bus_error_is_dirty(error))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = ensure_running(bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, &serial);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -1162,6 +1230,9 @@ int sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
                 if (r > 0) {
+                        /* bus_message_dump(incoming); */
+                        /* sd_bus_message_rewind(incoming, true); */
+
                         if (incoming->reply_serial == serial) {
                                 /* Found a match! */
 
@@ -1223,7 +1294,7 @@ int sd_bus_get_fd(sd_bus *bus) {
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         if (bus->fd < 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return -ENOTCONN;
 
         return bus->fd;
 }
@@ -1233,13 +1304,19 @@ int sd_bus_get_events(sd_bus *bus) {
 
         if (!bus)
                 return -EINVAL;
-
         if (bus->fd < 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return -ENOTCONN;
 
         if (bus->state == BUS_OPENING)
                 flags |= POLLOUT;
-        else if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO) {
+        else if (bus->state == BUS_AUTHENTICATING) {
+
+                if (bus->auth_index < ELEMENTSOF(bus->auth_iovec))
+                        flags |= POLLOUT;
+
+                flags |= POLLIN;
+
+        } else if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO) {
                 if (bus->rqueue_size <= 0)
                         flags |= POLLIN;
                 if (bus->wqueue_size > 0)
@@ -1250,7 +1327,6 @@ int sd_bus_get_events(sd_bus *bus) {
 }
 
 int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **ret) {
-        sd_bus_message *m;
         int r;
 
         if (!bus)
@@ -1270,7 +1346,7 @@ int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **ret) {
                         return -errno;
 
                 if (p.revents & (POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP)) {
-                        int error;
+                        int error = 0;
                         socklen_t slen = sizeof(error);
 
                         r = getsockopt(bus->fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &slen);
@@ -1297,13 +1373,14 @@ int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **ret) {
                         return r;
 
                 r = bus_read_auth(bus);
-                if (r <= 0)
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                return bus_start_running(bus);
+                return 0;
 
         } else if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO) {
                 struct filter_callback *l;
+                _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
 
                 r = dispatch_wqueue(bus);
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -1321,31 +1398,40 @@ int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **ret) {
                                 r = c->callback(bus, m, c->userdata);
                                 free(c);
 
-                                if (r != 0) {
-                                        sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+                                if (r != 0)
                                         return r < 0 ? r : 0;
-                                }
                         }
                 }
 
                 LIST_FOREACH(callbacks, l, bus->filter_callbacks) {
                         r = l->callback(bus, m, l->userdata);
-                        if (r != 0) {
-                                sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+                        if (r != 0)
                                 return r < 0 ? r : 0;
-                        }
                 }
 
                 if (ret) {
                         *ret = m;
+                        m = NULL;
                         return 1;
                 }
 
-                sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+                if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(m, NULL, NULL)) {
+                        const sd_bus_error e = SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT_CONST("org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownObject", "Unknown object.");
+                        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_error(bus, m, &e, &reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_send(bus, reply, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
                 return 0;
         }
 
-        return -ENOTSUP;
+        assert_not_reached("Unknown state");
 }
 
 int sd_bus_wait(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t timeout_usec) {
@@ -1356,7 +1442,10 @@ int sd_bus_wait(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t timeout_usec) {
         if (!bus)
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (bus->fd < 0)
-                return -ECONNREFUSED;
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+
+        if (bus->rqueue_size > 0)
+                return 0;
 
         e = sd_bus_get_events(bus);
         if (e < 0)
@@ -1368,7 +1457,7 @@ int sd_bus_wait(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t timeout_usec) {
 
         r = ppoll(&p, 1, timeout_usec == (uint64_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, timeout_usec), NULL);
         if (r < 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return -errno;
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -1381,7 +1470,11 @@ int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus) {
         if (bus->fd < 0)
                 return -ENOTCONN;
 
-        if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING && bus->wqueue_size <= 0)
+        r = ensure_running(bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (bus->wqueue_size <= 0)
                 return 0;
 
         for (;;) {
@@ -1389,7 +1482,7 @@ int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus) {
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING && bus->wqueue_size <= 0)
+                if (bus->wqueue_size <= 0)
                         return 0;
 
                 r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
index d892562..03ea4b8 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@
  * - make unix fd passing work
  * - add page donation logic
  * - api for appending/reading fixed arrays
+ * - always verify container depth
+ * - implement method timeout logic
+ * - implicitly set no_reply when a message-call is sent an the serial number ignored
+ * - reduce number of ppoll()s if we can avoid it
+ * - handle NULL strings nicer when appending
+ * - merge busctl into systemctl or so?
  */
 
 typedef struct sd_bus sd_bus;
@@ -117,7 +123,7 @@ int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, void *p);
 int sd_bus_message_enter_container(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const char *contents);
 int sd_bus_message_exit_container(sd_bus_message *m);
 int sd_bus_message_peek_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, const char **contents);
-int sd_bus_message_rewind(sd_bus_message *m, bool complete);
+int sd_bus_message_rewind(sd_bus_message *m, int complete);
 
 /* Bus management */
 
@@ -133,7 +139,8 @@ int sd_bus_remove_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match);
 
 /* Error structures */
 
-#define SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT (NULL, NULL, 0)
+#define SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT {NULL, NULL, 0}
+#define SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT_CONST(name, message) {(name), (message), 0}
 
 void sd_bus_error_free(sd_bus_error *e);
 int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-chat.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-chat.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4260ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-chat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
+
+static int server_init(sd_bus **_bus) {
+        sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(_bus);
+
+        r = sd_bus_open_user(&bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to user bus: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_request_name(bus, "org.freedesktop.systemd.test", 0);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to acquire name: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        *_bus = bus;
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        if (bus)
+                sd_bus_unref(bus);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static void* server(void *p) {
+        sd_bus *bus = p;
+        int r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+
+                r = sd_bus_process(bus, &m);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to process requests: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to wait: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                log_info("Got message! %s", strna(sd_bus_message_get_member(m)));
+                /* bus_message_dump(m); */
+                /* sd_bus_message_rewind(m, true); */
+
+                if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(m, "org.freedesktop.systemd.test", "LowerCase")) {
+                        const char *hello;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *lowercase = NULL;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &hello);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to get parameter: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(bus, m, &reply);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to allocate return: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        lowercase = strdup(hello);
+                        if (!lowercase) {
+                                r = log_oom();
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        ascii_strlower(lowercase);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "s", lowercase);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to append message: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+                } else if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(m, "org.freedesktop.systemd.test", "Exit"))
+                        break;
+                else if (sd_bus_message_is_method_call(m, NULL, NULL)) {
+                        const sd_bus_error e = SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT_CONST("org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownMethod", "Unknown method.");
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_error(bus, m, &e, &reply);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to allocate return: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (reply) {
+                        r = sd_bus_send(bus, reply, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to send reply: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+fail:
+        if (bus)
+                sd_bus_unref(bus);
+
+        return INT_TO_PTR(r);
+}
+
+static int client(void) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT;
+        const char *hello;
+        int r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_open_user(&bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to user bus: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd.test",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd.test",
+                        "LowerCase",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to allocate method call: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", "HELLO");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to append string: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &hello);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to get string: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        assert(streq(hello, "hello"));
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        if (bus) {
+                _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *q;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd.test",
+                                "/",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd.test",
+                                "Exit",
+                                &q);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to allocate method call: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                sd_bus_send(bus, q, NULL);
+                sd_bus_flush(bus);
+                sd_bus_unref(bus);
+        }
+
+        sd_bus_error_free(&error);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        pthread_t t;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        void *p;
+        int q, r;
+
+        r = server_init(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+        r = pthread_create(&t, NULL, server, bus);
+        if (r != 0) {
+                sd_bus_unref(bus);
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        r = client();
+
+        q = pthread_join(t, &p);
+        if (q != 0)
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}

commit fbfa72b0a1276366d50dce223c06efe9db9d6585
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Wed Mar 20 13:10:12 2013 +0100

    bus: introduce bus_error_is_dirty() independently of sd_bus_error_is_set()

diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
index 0832022..015fae7 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@
 #include "sd-bus.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
 
+bool bus_error_is_dirty(sd_bus_error *e) {
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+
+        return e->name || e->message || e->need_free;
+}
+
 void sd_bus_error_free(sd_bus_error *e) {
         if (!e)
                 return;
@@ -51,7 +58,7 @@ int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
 
         if (!e)
                 return 0;
-        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
+        if (bus_error_is_dirty(e))
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!name)
                 return -EINVAL;
@@ -81,7 +88,7 @@ int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
 int sd_bus_error_copy(sd_bus_error *dest, const sd_bus_error *e) {
         if (!dest)
                 return 0;
-        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(dest))
+        if (bus_error_is_dirty(dest))
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
                 return 0;
@@ -113,18 +120,19 @@ int sd_bus_error_copy(sd_bus_error *dest, const sd_bus_error *e) {
 void sd_bus_error_set_const(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *message) {
         if (!e)
                 return;
-        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
+        if (bus_error_is_dirty(e))
                 return;
 
         e->name = name;
         e->message = message;
+        e->need_free = false;
 }
 
 int sd_bus_error_is_set(const sd_bus_error *e) {
         if (!e)
                 return 0;
 
-        return e->name || e->message || e->need_free;
+        return !!e->name;
 }
 
 int sd_bus_error_has_name(const sd_bus_error *e, const char *name) {
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h
index f49e6c7..c6e072e 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h
@@ -25,3 +25,5 @@
 
 int bus_error_to_errno(const sd_bus_error *e);
 int bus_error_from_errno(sd_bus_error *e, int error);
+
+bool bus_error_is_dirty(sd_bus_error *e);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
index a1bae4d..5f3dbdb 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
@@ -447,9 +447,7 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_method_error(
         sd_bus_message *t;
         int r;
 
-        if (!e)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        if (!e->name)
+        if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!m)
                 return -EINVAL;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
index 70288ee..c5cbb56 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ int sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(error))
+        if (sd_bus_error_is_dirty(error))
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, &serial);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
index d655f05..d892562 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ int sd_bus_get_owner_pid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, pid_t *pid);
 int sd_bus_add_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match);
 int sd_bus_remove_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match);
 
-/* Error objects */
+/* Error structures */
 
-#define SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT (NULL, NULL, false)
+#define SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT (NULL, NULL, 0)
 
 void sd_bus_error_free(sd_bus_error *e);
 int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...);

commit 80a46c7313b8fc4682881cb3a2ca9e4d743fcb2b
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Wed Mar 20 05:29:20 2013 +0100

    bus: demarshal header fields properly

diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
index 3a74835..a1bae4d 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 #include "bus-type.h"
 #include "bus-signature.h"
 
-int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void **stored);
+static int message_parse_fields(sd_bus_message *m);
+static int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void **stored);
 
 static void reset_containers(sd_bus_message *m) {
         unsigned i;
@@ -125,8 +126,6 @@ static void *message_extend_fields(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
                         m->destination = (const char*) m->fields + (m->destination - (const char*) o);
                 if (m->sender)
                         m->sender = (const char*) m->fields + (m->sender - (const char*) o);
-                if (m->signature)
-                        m->signature = (const char*) m->fields + (m->signature - (const char*) o);
                 if (m->error.name)
                         m->error.name = (const char*) m->fields + (m->error.name - (const char*) o);
         }
@@ -224,21 +223,76 @@ static int message_append_field_uint32(sd_bus_message *m, uint8_t h, uint32_t x)
         return 0;
 }
 
+int bus_message_from_malloc(void *buffer, size_t length, sd_bus_message **ret) {
+        sd_bus_message *m;
+        struct bus_header *h;
+        size_t total, fs, bs;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(buffer || length <= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (length < sizeof(struct bus_header))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        h = buffer;
+        if (h->version != 1)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (h->serial == 0)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (h->type == _SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_INVALID)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (h->endian == SD_BUS_NATIVE_ENDIAN) {
+                fs = h->fields_size;
+                bs = h->body_size;
+        } else if (h->endian == SD_BUS_REVERSE_ENDIAN) {
+                fs = bswap_32(h->fields_size);
+                bs = bswap_32(h->body_size);
+        } else
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        total = sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(fs, 8) + bs;
+        if (length != total)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        m = new0(sd_bus_message, 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        m->n_ref = 1;
+        m->header = h;
+        m->free_header = true;
+        m->fields = (uint8_t*) buffer + sizeof(struct bus_header);
+        m->body = (uint8_t*) buffer + sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(fs, 8);
+        m->sealed = true;
+
+        m->n_iovec = 1;
+        m->iovec[0].iov_base = buffer;
+        m->iovec[0].iov_len = length;
+
+        r = message_parse_fields(m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                message_free(m);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = m;
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static sd_bus_message *message_new(sd_bus *bus, uint8_t type) {
         sd_bus_message *m;
 
-        m = malloc0(ALIGN(sizeof(struct sd_bus_message)) + sizeof(struct bus_header));
+        m = malloc0(ALIGN(sizeof(sd_bus_message)) + sizeof(struct bus_header));
         if (!m)
                 return NULL;
 
         m->n_ref = 1;
         m->header = (struct bus_header*) ((uint8_t*) m + ALIGN(sizeof(struct sd_bus_message)));
-
-#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
-        m->header->endian = SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN;
-#else
-        m->header->endian = SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
-#endif
+        m->header->endian = SD_BUS_NATIVE_ENDIAN;
         m->header->type = type;
         m->header->version = bus ? bus->message_version : 1;
 
@@ -1491,7 +1545,7 @@ static int bus_message_enter_array(
                 return r;
 
         if (BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q) > 67108864)
-                return -E2BIG;
+                return -EBADMSG;
 
         r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, alignment, 0, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -1752,6 +1806,8 @@ int sd_bus_message_peek_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, const char **content
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
 
+                        assert(l >= 1);
+
                         sig = strndup(c->signature + c->index + 1, l);
                         if (!sig)
                                 return -ENOMEM;
@@ -2011,15 +2067,364 @@ int sd_bus_message_read(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...) {
         return r;
 }
 
-int bus_message_parse(sd_bus_message *m) {
+static int message_peek_fields(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                size_t *rindex,
+                size_t align,
+                size_t nbytes,
+                void **ret) {
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(rindex);
+        assert(align > 0);
+
+        return buffer_peek(m->fields, BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(m), rindex, align, nbytes, ret);
+}
+
+static int message_peek_field_string(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                size_t *ri,
+                const char **ret) {
+
+        size_t l;
+        int r;
+        void *q;
+
         assert(m);
+        assert(ri);
+
+        r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, 4, 4, &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        l = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q);
+        r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, 1, l+1, &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        if (m->header->version != 1)
-                return -EIO;
+        if (!validate_string(q, l))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = q;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_peek_field_signature(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                size_t *ri,
+                const char **ret) {
+
+        size_t l;
+        int r;
+        void *q;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(ri);
+
+        r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, 1, 1, &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        l = *(uint8_t*) q;
+        r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, 1, l+1, &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!validate_signature(q, l))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = q;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_peek_field_uint32(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                size_t *ri,
+                uint32_t *ret) {
+
+        int r;
+        void *q;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(ri);
+
+        r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, 4, 4, &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_skip_fields(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                size_t *ri,
+                uint32_t array_size,
+                const char **signature) {
+
+        size_t original_index;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(ri);
+        assert(signature);
+
+        original_index = *ri;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char t;
+                void *q;
+                size_t l;
+
+                if (array_size != (uint32_t) -1 &&
+                    array_size <= *ri - original_index)
+                        return 0;
+
+                t = **signature;
+                if (!t)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING ||
+                    t == SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH) {
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, ri, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        (*signature)++;
+
+                } else if (t == SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE) {
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_signature(m, ri, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        (*signature)++;
+
+                } else if (bus_type_is_basic(t)) {
+                        size_t align, k;
+
+                        align = bus_type_get_alignment(align);
+                        k = bus_type_get_size(align);
+
+                        r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, align, k, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
 
-        if (m->header->endian != SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN &&
-            m->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-                return -EIO;
+                        (*signature)++;
+
+                } else if (t == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(*signature+1, &l);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        assert(l >= 1);
+                        {
+                                char sig[l-1], *s;
+                                size_t nas;
+                                int alignment;
+
+                                strncpy(sig, *signature + 1, l-1);
+                                s = sig;
+
+                                alignment = bus_type_get_alignment(sig[0]);
+                                if (alignment < 0)
+                                        return alignment;
+
+                                r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, 4, 4, &q);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                nas = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q);
+                                if (nas > 67108864)
+                                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                                r = message_peek_fields(m, ri, alignment, 0, NULL);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                r = message_skip_fields(m, ri, nas, (const char**) &s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+
+                        (*signature) += 1 + l;
+
+                } else if (t == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+                        const char *s;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_signature(m, ri, &s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = message_skip_fields(m, ri, (uint32_t) -1, (const char**) &s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        (*signature)++;
+
+                } else if (t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT ||
+                           t == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(*signature, &l);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        assert(l >= 2);
+                        {
+                                char sig[l-1], *s;
+                                strncpy(sig, *signature + 1, l-1);
+                                s = sig;
+
+                                r = message_skip_fields(m, ri, (uint32_t) -1, (const char**) &s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+
+                        *signature += l;
+                } else
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+}
+
+static int message_parse_fields(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        size_t ri;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        for (ri = 0; ri < BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(m); ) {
+                const char *signature;
+                uint8_t *header;
+
+                r = message_peek_fields(m, &ri, 8, 1, (void**) &header);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = message_peek_field_signature(m, &ri, &signature);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                switch (*header) {
+                case _SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_INVALID:
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_PATH:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "o"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, &ri, &m->path);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_INTERFACE:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "s"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, &ri, &m->interface);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_MEMBER:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "s"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, &ri, &m->member);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_ERROR_NAME:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "s"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, &ri, &m->error.name);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "s"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, &ri, &m->destination);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SENDER:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "s"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_string(m, &ri, &m->sender);
+                        break;
+
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE: {
+                        const char *s;
+                        char *c;
+
+                        if (!streq(signature, "g"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_signature(m, &ri, &s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        c = strdup(s);
+                        if (!c)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        free(m->root_container.signature);
+                        m->root_container.signature = c;
+
+                        r = 0;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL:
+                        if (!streq(signature, "u"))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        r = message_peek_field_uint32(m, &ri, &m->reply_serial);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        r = message_skip_fields(m, &ri, (uint32_t) -1, (const char **) &signature);
+                }
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(m->root_container.signature) != (BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(m) == 0))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        switch (m->header->type) {
+
+        case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL:
+                if (!m->path || !m->interface || !m->member)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL:
+
+                if (!m->path || !m->member)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN:
+
+                if (m->reply_serial == 0)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR:
+
+                if (m->reply_serial == 0 || !m->error.name)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                break;
+        }
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -2068,7 +2473,7 @@ int bus_message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial) {
 
         /* If there's a non-trivial signature set, then add it in here */
         if (!isempty(m->root_container.signature)) {
-                r = message_append_field_signature(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE, m->root_container.signature, &m->signature);
+                r = message_append_field_signature(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE, m->root_container.signature, NULL);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
         }
@@ -2139,7 +2544,7 @@ int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m) {
                strna(m->member),
                strna(m->destination),
                strna(m->sender),
-               strna(m->signature),
+               strna(m->root_container.signature),
                m->reply_serial,
                strna(m->error.name),
                strna(m->error.message),
@@ -2151,7 +2556,7 @@ int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m) {
                 return r;
         }
 
-        printf("BEGIN_MESSAGE \"%s\" {\n", strempty(m->signature));
+        printf("BEGIN_MESSAGE \"%s\" {\n", strempty(m->root_container.signature));
 
         for(;;) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *prefix = NULL;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
index 89cb3e1..3035efc 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ struct sd_bus_message {
         const char *member;
         const char *destination;
         const char *sender;
-        const char *signature;
 
         sd_bus_error error;
 
@@ -92,11 +91,7 @@ struct sd_bus_message {
         char *peeked_signature;
 };
 
-#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
-#define BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ((m)->header->endian != SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-#else
-#define BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ((m)->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-#endif
+#define BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ((m)->header->endian != SD_BUS_NATIVE_ENDIAN)
 
 static inline uint16_t BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP16(sd_bus_message *m, uint16_t u) {
         return BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ? bswap_16(u) : u;
@@ -132,3 +127,4 @@ int bus_message_parse(sd_bus_message *m);
 int bus_message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial);
 int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m);
 int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz);
+int bus_message_from_malloc(void *buffer, size_t length, sd_bus_message **ret);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h
index 9d7615f..942422f 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include <endian.h>
+
 /* Types of message */
 
 #define SD_BUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT ((usec_t) (25 * USEC_PER_SEC))
@@ -67,7 +69,14 @@ enum {
 enum {
         _SD_BUS_INVALID_ENDIAN = 0,
         SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN   = 'l',
-        SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN      = 'B'
+        SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN      = 'B',
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+        SD_BUS_NATIVE_ENDIAN   = SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN,
+        SD_BUS_REVERSE_ENDIAN  = SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#else
+        SD_BUS_NATIVE_ENDIAN   = SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+        SD_BUS_REVERSE_ENDIAN  = SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
 };
 
 /* Flags */
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
index 3f23da6..70288ee 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
@@ -833,10 +833,6 @@ static int message_make(sd_bus *bus, size_t size, sd_bus_message **m) {
         assert(m);
         assert(bus->rbuffer_size >= size);
 
-        t = new0(sd_bus_message, 1);
-        if (!t)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
         if (bus->rbuffer_size > size) {
                 b = memdup((const uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + size, bus->rbuffer_size - size);
                 if (!b) {
@@ -845,13 +841,11 @@ static int message_make(sd_bus *bus, size_t size, sd_bus_message **m) {
                 }
         }
 
-        t->n_ref = 1;
-
-        t->header = bus->rbuffer;
-        t->free_header = true;
-
-        t->fields = (uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + sizeof(struct bus_header);
-        t->body = (uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(t), 8);
+        r = bus_message_from_malloc(bus->rbuffer, size, &t);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(b);
+                return r;
+        }
 
         bus->rbuffer = b;
         bus->rbuffer_size -= size;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
index 9138f11..15c472c 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
@@ -116,7 +116,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         dbus_message_unref(w);
         }
 
-        free(buffer);
+        m = sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+
+        r = bus_message_from_malloc(buffer, sz, &m);
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        bus_message_dump(m);
 
         assert_se(sd_bus_message_rewind(m, true) >= 0);
 

commit 9a17484d986f6cb8828afdf911db425b574c63fd
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Wed Mar 20 03:15:03 2013 +0100

    bus: implement demarshaller

diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
index ccea120..3a74835 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
@@ -22,15 +22,31 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #include "util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
-#include "bus-message.h"
 #include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
 #include "bus-internal.h"
 #include "bus-type.h"
 #include "bus-signature.h"
 
 int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void **stored);
 
+static void reset_containers(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < m->n_containers; i++)
+                free(m->containers[i].signature);
+
+        free(m->containers);
+        m->containers = NULL;
+
+        m->n_containers = 0;
+        m->root_container.index = 0;
+}
+
 static void message_free(sd_bus_message *m) {
         unsigned i;
 
@@ -48,10 +64,10 @@ static void message_free(sd_bus_message *m) {
         for (i = 0; i < m->n_fds; i++)
                 close_nointr_nofail(m->fds[i]);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < m->n_containers; i++)
-                free(m->sub_containers[i].signature);
+        reset_containers(m);
+        free(m->root_container.signature);
 
-        free(m->sub_containers);
+        free(m->peeked_signature);
         free(m);
 }
 
@@ -621,8 +637,8 @@ static struct bus_container *message_get_container(sd_bus_message *m) {
         if (m->n_containers == 0)
                 return &m->root_container;
 
-        assert(m->sub_containers);
-        return m->sub_containers + m->n_containers - 1;
+        assert(m->containers);
+        return m->containers + m->n_containers - 1;
 }
 
 static void *message_extend_body(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
@@ -631,6 +647,7 @@ static void *message_extend_body(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
         struct bus_container *c;
 
         assert(m);
+        assert(align > 0);
 
         o = m->body;
         added = m->header->body_size;
@@ -641,7 +658,7 @@ static void *message_extend_body(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
 
         added = m->header->body_size - added;
 
-        for (c = m->sub_containers; c < m->sub_containers + m->n_containers; c++)
+        for (c = m->containers; c < m->containers + m->n_containers; c++)
                 if (c->array_size) {
                         c->array_size = (uint32_t*) ((uint8_t*) m->body + ((uint8_t*) c->array_size - (uint8_t*) o));
                         *c->array_size += added;
@@ -659,7 +676,7 @@ static void *message_extend_body(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
 
 int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void **stored) {
         struct bus_container *c;
-        size_t sz, align, nindex;
+        size_t sz, align;
         uint32_t k;
         void *a;
         char *e = NULL;
@@ -677,19 +694,17 @@ int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void
                 /* Container signature is already set */
 
                 if (c->signature[c->index] != type)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
         } else {
                 /* Maybe we can append to the signature? But only if this is the top-level container*/
                 if (c->enclosing != 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(type), NULL);
                 if (!e)
                         return -ENOMEM;
         }
 
-        nindex = c->index + 1;
-
         switch (type) {
 
         case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
@@ -752,7 +767,7 @@ int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void
         }
 
         if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
-                c->index = nindex;
+                c->index++;
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -767,8 +782,8 @@ static int bus_message_open_array(
                 const char *contents,
                 uint32_t **array_size) {
 
+        unsigned nindex;
         char *e = NULL;
-        size_t nindex;
         void *a, *b;
         int alignment;
         size_t saved;
@@ -790,15 +805,15 @@ static int bus_message_open_array(
                 /* Verify the existing signature */
 
                 if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 if (!startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents))
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 nindex = c->index + 1 + strlen(contents);
         } else {
                 if (c->enclosing != 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 /* Extend the existing signature */
 
@@ -846,7 +861,7 @@ static int bus_message_open_variant(
                 const char *contents) {
 
         char *e = NULL;
-        size_t l, nindex;
+        size_t l;
         void *a;
 
         assert(m);
@@ -862,19 +877,17 @@ static int bus_message_open_variant(
         if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
 
                 if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
         } else {
                 if (c->enclosing != 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT), NULL);
                 if (!e)
                         return -ENOMEM;
         }
 
-        nindex = c->index + 1;
-
         l = strlen(contents);
         a = message_extend_body(m, 1, 1 + l + 1);
         if (!a) {
@@ -889,7 +902,7 @@ static int bus_message_open_variant(
         memcpy((uint8_t*) a + 1, contents, l + 1);
 
         if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
-                c->index = nindex;
+                c->index++;
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -917,12 +930,12 @@ static int bus_message_open_struct(
                 if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ||
                     !startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents) ||
                     c->signature[c->index + 1 + l] != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 nindex = c->index + 1 + l + 1;
         } else {
                 if (c->enclosing != 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN), contents, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END), NULL);
                 if (!e)
@@ -960,7 +973,7 @@ static int bus_message_open_dict_entry(
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return -ENXIO;
 
         if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
                 size_t l;
@@ -970,11 +983,11 @@ static int bus_message_open_dict_entry(
                 if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN ||
                     !startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents) ||
                     c->signature[c->index + 1 + l] != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_END)
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        return -ENXIO;
 
                 nindex = c->index + 1 + l + 1;
         } else
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return -ENXIO;
 
         /* Align contents to 8 byte boundary */
         if (!message_extend_body(m, 8, 0))
@@ -991,9 +1004,9 @@ int sd_bus_message_open_container(
                 char type,
                 const char *contents) {
 
-        struct bus_container *c, *sub;
-        char *signature;
+        struct bus_container *c, *w;
         uint32_t *array_size = NULL;
+        char *signature;
         int r;
 
         if (!m)
@@ -1004,11 +1017,10 @@ int sd_bus_message_open_container(
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         /* Make sure we have space for one more container */
-        sub = realloc(m->sub_containers, sizeof(struct bus_container) * (m->n_containers + 1));
-        if (!sub)
+        w = realloc(m->containers, sizeof(struct bus_container) * (m->n_containers + 1));
+        if (!w)
                 return -ENOMEM;
-
-        m->sub_containers = sub;
+        m->containers = w;
 
         c = message_get_container(m);
 
@@ -1033,12 +1045,12 @@ int sd_bus_message_open_container(
         }
 
         /* OK, let's fill it in */
-        sub += m->n_containers++;
-
-        sub->enclosing = type;
-        sub->signature = signature;
-        sub->index = 0;
-        sub->array_size = array_size;
+        w += m->n_containers++;
+        w->enclosing = type;
+        w->signature = signature;
+        w->index = 0;
+        w->array_size = array_size;
+        w->begin = 0;
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -1054,12 +1066,8 @@ int sd_bus_message_close_container(sd_bus_message *m) {
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         c = message_get_container(m);
-
-        if (!c->signature)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
         if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
-                if (c->signature[c->index] != 0)
+                if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index] != 0)
                         return -EINVAL;
 
         free(c->signature);
@@ -1092,9 +1100,13 @@ static int message_append_ap(
 
                 case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                 case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
-                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD: {
                         uint32_t x;
 
+                        /* We assume a boolean is the same as int32_t */
+                        assert_cc(sizeof(int32_t) == sizeof(int));
+
                         x = va_arg(ap, uint32_t);
                         r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
                         break;
@@ -1129,16 +1141,7 @@ static int message_append_ap(
                         break;
                 }
 
-                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD: {
-                        int x;
-
-                        x = va_arg(ap, int);
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
-                        break;
-                }
-
                 case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
-                        unsigned i, n;
                         size_t k;
 
                         r = signature_element_length(t + 1, &k);
@@ -1146,6 +1149,7 @@ static int message_append_ap(
                                 return r;
 
                         {
+                                unsigned i, n;
                                 char s[k + 1];
 
                                 memcpy(s, t + 1, k);
@@ -1157,7 +1161,6 @@ static int message_append_ap(
                                         return r;
 
                                 n = va_arg(ap, unsigned);
-
                                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                                         r = message_append_ap(m, s, ap);
                                         if (r < 0)
@@ -1248,147 +1251,1050 @@ int sd_bus_message_append(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...) {
         return r;
 }
 
-int sd_bus_message_read_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, char *element, size_t *length) {
-        return -ENOTSUP;
-}
+static int buffer_peek(const void *p, uint32_t sz, size_t *rindex, size_t align, size_t nbytes, void **r) {
+        size_t k, start, n;
 
-int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, char element, const void **p, size_t *length) {
-        return -ENOTSUP;
-}
+        assert(rindex);
+        assert(align > 0);
 
-int sd_bus_message_read(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...) {
-        return -ENOTSUP;
+        start = ALIGN_TO((size_t) *rindex, align);
+        n = start + nbytes;
+
+        if (n > sz)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        /* Verify that padding is 0 */
+        for (k = *rindex; k < start; k++)
+                if (((const uint8_t*) p)[k] != 0)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (r)
+                *r = (uint8_t*) p + start;
+
+        *rindex = n;
+
+        return 1;
 }
 
-int message_parse(sd_bus_message *m) {
-        assert(m);
+static bool message_end_of_array(sd_bus_message *m, size_t index) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
 
-        if (m->header->version != 1)
-                return -EIO;
+        assert(m);
 
-        if (m->header->endian != SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN &&
-            m->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-                return -EIO;
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+        if (!c->array_size)
+                return false;
 
-        return 0;
+        return index >= c->begin + BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *c->array_size);
 }
 
-static void setup_iovec(sd_bus_message *m) {
+static int message_peek_body(sd_bus_message *m, size_t *rindex, size_t align, size_t nbytes, void **ret) {
         assert(m);
-        assert(m->sealed);
+        assert(rindex);
+        assert(align > 0);
 
-        m->n_iovec = 0;
+        if (message_end_of_array(m, *rindex))
+                return 0;
 
-        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->header;
-        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = sizeof(*m->header);
-        m->n_iovec++;
+        return buffer_peek(m->body, BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(m), rindex, align, nbytes, ret);
+}
 
-        if (m->fields) {
-                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->fields;
-                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = m->header->fields_size;
-                m->n_iovec++;
+static bool validate_string(const char *s, size_t l) {
+        assert(s);
 
-                if (m->header->fields_size % 8 != 0) {
-                        static const uint8_t padding[7] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        /* Check for NUL chars in the string */
+        if (memchr(s, 0, l))
+                return false;
 
-                        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = (void*) padding;
-                        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = 8 - m->header->fields_size % 8;
-                        m->n_iovec++;
-                }
-        }
+        /* Check for NUL termination */
+        if (s[l] != 0)
+                return false;
 
-        if (m->body) {
-                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->body;
-                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = m->header->body_size;
-                m->n_iovec++;
-        }
+        /* Check if valid UTF8 */
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
 }
 
-int message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial) {
-        int r;
+static bool validate_signature(const char *s, size_t l) {
+        /* Check for NUL chars in the signature */
+        if (memchr(s, 0, l))
+                return false;
 
-        assert(m);
+        /* Check for NUL termination */
+        if (s[l] != 0)
+                return false;
 
-        if (m->sealed)
+        /* Check if valid signature */
+        if (!signature_is_valid(s, true))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, void *p) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
+        int r;
+        void *q;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->sealed)
                 return -EPERM;
+        if (!bus_type_is_basic(type))
+                return -EINVAL;
 
-        if (m->n_containers > 0)
-                return -EBADMSG;
+        c = message_get_container(m);
 
-        /* If there's a non-trivial signature set, then add it in here */
-        if (!isempty(m->root_container.signature)) {
-                r = message_append_field_signature(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE, m->root_container.signature, &m->signature);
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] != type)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        switch (type) {
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH: {
+                uint32_t l;
+                size_t rindex;
+
+                rindex = m->rindex;
+                r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 4, 4, &q);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                l = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q);
+                r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, l+1, &q);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                if (!validate_string(q, l))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                m->rindex = rindex;
+                *(const char**) p = q;
+                break;
         }
 
-        if (m->n_fds > 0) {
-                r = message_append_field_uint32(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_UNIX_FDS, m->n_fds);
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE: {
+                uint8_t l;
+                size_t rindex;
+
+                rindex = m->rindex;
+                r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, 1, &q);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                l = *(uint8_t*) q;
+                r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, l+1, &q);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                if (!validate_signature(q, l))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                m->rindex = rindex;
+                *(const char**) p = q;
+                break;
         }
 
-        m->header->serial = serial;
-        m->sealed = true;
+        default: {
+                size_t sz, align;
 
-        setup_iovec(m);
+                align = bus_type_get_alignment(type);
+                sz = bus_type_get_size(type);
 
-        return 0;
+                r = message_peek_body(m, &m->rindex, align, sz, &q);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                switch (type) {
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+                        *(uint8_t*) p = *(uint8_t*) q;
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                        *(int*) p = !!*(uint32_t*) q;
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+                        *(uint16_t*) p = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP16(m, *(uint16_t*) q);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+                        *(uint32_t*) p = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                        *(uint64_t*) p = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP64(m, *(uint64_t*) q);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown basic type...");
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+        }
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index++;
+
+        return 1;
 }
 
-int sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination) {
-        if (!m)
+static int bus_message_enter_array(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents,
+                uint32_t **array_size) {
+
+        size_t rindex;
+        void *q;
+        int r, alignment;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+        assert(array_size);
+
+        if (!signature_is_single(contents))
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (!destination)
+
+        alignment = bus_type_get_alignment(contents[0]);
+        if (alignment < 0)
+                return alignment;
+
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        if (!startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents))
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        rindex = m->rindex;
+        r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 4, 4, &q);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *(uint32_t*) q) > 67108864)
+                return -E2BIG;
+
+        r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, alignment, 0, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index += 1 + strlen(contents);
+
+        m->rindex = rindex;
+
+        *array_size = (uint32_t*) q;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bus_message_enter_variant(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        size_t rindex;
+        uint8_t l;
+        void *q;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+
+        if (!signature_is_single(contents))
                 return -EINVAL;
-        if (m->sealed)
-                return -EPERM;
-        if (m->destination)
-                return -EEXIST;
 
-        return message_append_field_string(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, destination, &m->destination);
+        if (*contents == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        rindex = m->rindex;
+        r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, 1, &q);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        l = *(uint8_t*) q;
+        r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, l+1, &q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (!validate_signature(q, l))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (!streq(q, contents))
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index++;
+
+        m->rindex = rindex;
+
+        return 1;
 }
 
-void message_dump(sd_bus_message *m) {
-
-        log_info("Message %p\n"
-                 "\tn_ref=%u\n"
-                 "\tendian=%c\n"
-                 "\ttype=%i\n"
-                 "\tflags=%u\n"
-                 "\tversion=%u\n"
-                 "\tserial=%u\n"
-                 "\tfields_size=%u\n"
-                 "\tbody_size=%u\n"
-                 "\tpath=%s\n"
-                 "\tinterface=%s\n"
-                 "\tmember=%s\n"
-                 "\tdestination=%s\n"
-                 "\tsender=%s\n"
-                 "\tsignature=%s\n"
-                 "\treply_serial=%u\n"
-                 "\terror.name=%s\n"
-                 "\terror.message=%s\n"
-                 "\tsealed=%s\n",
-                 m,
-                 m->n_ref,
-                 m->header->endian,
-                 m->header->type,
-                 m->header->flags,
-                 m->header->version,
-                 BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(m),
-                 BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(m),
-                 BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(m),
-                 strna(m->path),
-                 strna(m->interface),
-                 strna(m->member),
-                 strna(m->destination),
-                 strna(m->sender),
-                 strna(m->signature),
-                 m->reply_serial,
-                 strna(m->error.name),
-                 strna(m->error.message),
-                 yes_no(m->sealed));
+static int bus_message_enter_struct(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        size_t l;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+
+        if (!signature_is_valid(contents, false))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        l = strlen(contents);
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ||
+            !startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents) ||
+            c->signature[c->index + 1 + l] != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = message_peek_body(m, &m->rindex, 8, 0, NULL);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index += 1 + l + 1;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bus_message_enter_dict_entry(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        size_t l;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+
+        if (!signature_is_pair(contents))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        l = strlen(contents);
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN ||
+            !startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents) ||
+            c->signature[c->index + 1 + l] != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_END)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = message_peek_body(m, &m->rindex, 8, 0, NULL);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index += 1 + l + 1;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_enter_container(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const char *contents) {
+        struct bus_container *c, *w;
+        uint32_t *array_size = NULL;
+        char *signature;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (!contents)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        w = realloc(m->containers, sizeof(struct bus_container) * (m->n_containers + 1));
+        if (!w)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        m->containers = w;
+
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        signature = strdup(contents);
+        if (!signature)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                r = bus_message_enter_array(m, c, contents, &array_size);
+        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+                r = bus_message_enter_variant(m, c, contents);
+        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
+                r = bus_message_enter_struct(m, c, contents);
+        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)
+                r = bus_message_enter_dict_entry(m, c, contents);
+        else
+                r = -EINVAL;
+
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                free(signature);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        /* OK, let's fill it in */
+        w += m->n_containers++;
+        w->enclosing = type;
+        w->signature = signature;
+        w->index = 0;
+        w->array_size = array_size;
+        w->begin = m->rindex;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_exit_container(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (m->n_containers <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+        if (c->enclosing == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                uint32_t l;
+
+                l = BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, *c->array_size);
+                if (c->begin + l != m->rindex)
+                        return -EBUSY;
+
+        } else {
+                if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index] != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        free(c->signature);
+        m->n_containers--;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_peek_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, const char **contents) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+
+        if (!c->signature || c->signature[c->index] == 0)
+                goto eof;
+
+        if (message_end_of_array(m, m->rindex))
+                goto eof;
+
+        if (bus_type_is_basic(c->signature[c->index])) {
+                if (contents)
+                        *contents = NULL;
+                if (type)
+                        *type = c->signature[c->index];
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+
+                if (contents) {
+                        size_t l;
+                        char *sig;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(c->signature+c->index+1, &l);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        sig = strndup(c->signature + c->index + 1, l);
+                        if (!sig)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        free(m->peeked_signature);
+                        m->peeked_signature = sig;
+
+                        *contents = sig;
+                }
+
+                if (type)
+                        *type = SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ||
+            c->signature[c->index] == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN) {
+
+                if (contents) {
+                        size_t l;
+                        char *sig;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(c->signature+c->index, &l);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        assert(l >= 2);
+                        sig = strndup(c->signature + c->index + 1, l - 2);
+                        if (!sig)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        free(m->peeked_signature);
+                        m->peeked_signature = sig;
+
+                        *contents = sig;
+                }
+
+                if (type)
+                        *type = c->signature[c->index] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ? SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT : SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (c->signature[c->index] == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+                if (contents) {
+                        size_t rindex, l;
+                        void *q;
+
+                        rindex = m->rindex;
+                        r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, 1, &q);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                goto eof;
+
+                        l = *(uint8_t*) q;
+                        r = message_peek_body(m, &rindex, 1, l+1, &q);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        if (!validate_signature(q, l))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        *contents = q;
+                }
+
+                if (type)
+                        *type = SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+
+eof:
+        if (type)
+                *type = c->enclosing;
+        if (contents)
+                *contents = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_rewind(sd_bus_message *m, bool complete) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        if (complete) {
+                reset_containers(m);
+                m->rindex = 0;
+                m->root_container.index = 0;
+
+                c = message_get_container(m);
+        } else {
+                c = message_get_container(m);
+
+                c->index = 0;
+                m->rindex = c->begin;
+        }
+
+        return !isempty(c->signature);
+}
+
+static int message_read_ap(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, va_list ap) {
+        const char *t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(types);
+
+        for (t = types; *t; t++) {
+                switch (*t) {
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE: {
+                        void *p;
+
+                        p = va_arg(ap, void*);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, *t, p);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(t + 1, &k);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        {
+                                unsigned i, n;
+                                char s[k + 1];
+
+                                memcpy(s, t + 1, k);
+                                s[k] = 0;
+                                t += k;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                                n = va_arg(ap, unsigned);
+                                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                                        r = message_read_ap(m, s, ap);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+                                }
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT: {
+                        const char *s;
+
+                        s = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+                        if (!s)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return -ENXIO;
+
+                        r = message_read_ap(m, s, ap);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return -ENXIO;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN: {
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(t, &k);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        {
+                                char s[k - 1];
+                                memcpy(s, t + 1, k - 2);
+                                s[k - 2] = 0;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, *t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ? SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT : SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                                t += k - 1;
+
+                                r = message_read_ap(m, s, ap);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                        r = -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENXIO;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_read(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (!types)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        va_start(ap, types);
+        r = message_read_ap(m, types, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_message_parse(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->header->version != 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (m->header->endian != SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN &&
+            m->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void setup_iovec(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(m->sealed);
+
+        m->n_iovec = 0;
+
+        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->header;
+        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = sizeof(*m->header);
+        m->n_iovec++;
+
+        if (m->fields) {
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->fields;
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = m->header->fields_size;
+                m->n_iovec++;
+
+                if (m->header->fields_size % 8 != 0) {
+                        static const uint8_t padding[7] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+                        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = (void*) padding;
+                        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = 8 - m->header->fields_size % 8;
+                        m->n_iovec++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (m->body) {
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->body;
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = m->header->body_size;
+                m->n_iovec++;
+        }
+}
+
+int bus_message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        if (m->n_containers > 0)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        /* If there's a non-trivial signature set, then add it in here */
+        if (!isempty(m->root_container.signature)) {
+                r = message_append_field_signature(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE, m->root_container.signature, &m->signature);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (m->n_fds > 0) {
+                r = message_append_field_uint32(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_UNIX_FDS, m->n_fds);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        m->header->serial = serial;
+        m->sealed = true;
+
+        setup_iovec(m);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!destination)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (m->destination)
+                return -EEXIST;
+
+        return message_append_field_string(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, destination, &m->destination);
+}
+
+int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        unsigned level = 1;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        printf("Message %p\n"
+               "\tn_ref=%u\n"
+               "\tendian=%c\n"
+               "\ttype=%i\n"
+               "\tflags=%u\n"
+               "\tversion=%u\n"
+               "\tserial=%u\n"
+               "\tfields_size=%u\n"
+               "\tbody_size=%u\n"
+               "\tpath=%s\n"
+               "\tinterface=%s\n"
+               "\tmember=%s\n"
+               "\tdestination=%s\n"
+               "\tsender=%s\n"
+               "\tsignature=%s\n"
+               "\treply_serial=%u\n"
+               "\terror.name=%s\n"
+               "\terror.message=%s\n"
+               "\tsealed=%s\n",
+               m,
+               m->n_ref,
+               m->header->endian,
+               m->header->type,
+               m->header->flags,
+               m->header->version,
+               BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(m),
+               BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(m),
+               BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(m),
+               strna(m->path),
+               strna(m->interface),
+               strna(m->member),
+               strna(m->destination),
+               strna(m->sender),
+               strna(m->signature),
+               m->reply_serial,
+               strna(m->error.name),
+               strna(m->error.message),
+               yes_no(m->sealed));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_rewind(m, true);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to rewind: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        printf("BEGIN_MESSAGE \"%s\" {\n", strempty(m->signature));
+
+        for(;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *prefix = NULL;
+                const char *contents = NULL;
+                char type;
+                union {
+                        uint8_t u8;
+                        uint16_t u16;
+                        int16_t s16;
+                        uint32_t u32;
+                        int32_t s32;
+                        uint64_t u64;
+                        int64_t s64;
+                        double d64;
+                        const char *string;
+                        int i;
+                } basic;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, &type, &contents);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to peek type: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        if (level <= 1)
+                                break;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to exit container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        level--;
+
+                        prefix = strrep("\t", level);
+                        if (!prefix)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                                printf("%s} END_ARRAY \n", prefix);
+                        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+                                printf("%s} END_VARIANT\n", prefix);
+                        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
+                                printf("%s} END_STRUCT\n", prefix);
+                        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)
+                                printf("%s} END_DICT_ENTRY\n", prefix);
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                prefix = strrep("\t", level);
+                if (!prefix)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (bus_type_is_container(type) > 0) {
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, type, contents);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to enter container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                                printf("%sBEGIN_ARRAY \"%s\" {\n", prefix, contents);
+                        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+                                printf("%sBEGIN_VARIANT \"%s\" {\n", prefix, contents);
+                        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
+                                printf("%sBEGIN_STRUCT \"%s\" {\n", prefix, contents);
+                        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)
+                                printf("%sBEGIN_DICT_ENTRY \"%s\" {\n", prefix, contents);
+
+                        level ++;
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &basic);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to get basic: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                switch (type) {
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+                        printf("%sBYTE: %u\n", prefix, basic.u8);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                        printf("%sBOOLEAN: %s\n", prefix, yes_no(basic.i));
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+                        printf("%sINT16: %i\n", prefix, basic.s16);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+                        printf("%sUINT16: %u\n", prefix, basic.u16);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+                        printf("%sINT32: %i\n", prefix, basic.s32);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+                        printf("%sUINT32: %u\n", prefix, basic.u32);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+                        printf("%sINT64: %lli\n", prefix, (long long) basic.s64);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+                        printf("%sUINT64: %llu\n", prefix, (unsigned long long) basic.u64);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                        printf("%sDOUBLE: %g\n", prefix, basic.d64);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+                        printf("%sSTRING: \"%s\"\n", prefix, basic.string);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+                        printf("%sOBJECT_PATH: \"%s\"\n", prefix, basic.string);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE:
+                        printf("%sSIGNATURE: \"%s\"\n", prefix, basic.string);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+                        printf("%sUNIX_FD: %i\n", prefix, basic.i);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown basic type.");
+                }
+        }
+
+        printf("} END_MESSAGE\n");
+        return 0;
 }
 
 int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz) {
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
index bfd2b12..89cb3e1 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ struct bus_container {
         unsigned index;
 
         uint32_t *array_size;
+        size_t begin;
 };
 
 _packed_ struct bus_header {
@@ -77,14 +78,18 @@ struct sd_bus_message {
         void *fields;
         void *body;
 
+        size_t rindex;
+
         uint32_t n_fds;
         int *fds;
 
-        struct bus_container root_container, *sub_containers;
+        struct bus_container root_container, *containers;
         unsigned n_containers;
 
         struct iovec iovec[4];
         unsigned n_iovec;
+
+        char *peeked_signature;
 };
 
 #if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
@@ -93,20 +98,28 @@ struct sd_bus_message {
 #define BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ((m)->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
 #endif
 
-static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(sd_bus_message *m, uint32_t u) {
+static inline uint16_t BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP16(sd_bus_message *m, uint16_t u) {
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ? bswap_16(u) : u;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(sd_bus_message *m, uint32_t u) {
         return BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ? bswap_32(u) : u;
 }
 
+static inline uint64_t BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP64(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t u) {
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ? bswap_64(u) : u;
+}
+
 static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(sd_bus_message *m) {
-        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(m, m->header->serial);
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, m->header->serial);
 }
 
 static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(sd_bus_message *m) {
-        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(m, m->header->body_size);
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, m->header->body_size);
 }
 
 static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(sd_bus_message *m) {
-        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(m, m->header->fields_size);
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP32(m, m->header->fields_size);
 }
 
 static inline void bus_message_unrefp(sd_bus_message **m) {
@@ -115,7 +128,7 @@ static inline void bus_message_unrefp(sd_bus_message **m) {
 
 #define _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ __attribute__((cleanup(bus_message_unrefp)))
 
-int message_parse(sd_bus_message *m);
-int message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial);
-void message_dump(sd_bus_message *m);
+int bus_message_parse(sd_bus_message *m);
+int bus_message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial);
+int bus_message_dump(sd_bus_message *m);
 int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
index f7d7644..3f23da6 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ static int bus_seal_message(sd_bus *b, sd_bus_message *m) {
         if (m->sealed)
                 return 0;
 
-        return message_seal(m, ++b->serial);
+        return bus_message_seal(m, ++b->serial);
 }
 
 static int message_write(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, size_t *idx) {
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ static int message_make(sd_bus *bus, size_t size, sd_bus_message **m) {
         bus->rbuffer = b;
         bus->rbuffer_size -= size;
 
-        r = message_parse(t);
+        r = bus_message_parse(t);
         if (r < 0) {
                 sd_bus_message_unref(t);
                 return r;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
index 6d53d5a..d655f05 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@
 
 #include "sd-bus-protocol.h"
 
+/* TODO:
+ *
+ * - make unix fd passing work
+ * - add page donation logic
+ * - api for appending/reading fixed arrays
+ */
+
 typedef struct sd_bus sd_bus;
 typedef struct sd_bus_message sd_bus_message;
 
@@ -105,9 +112,12 @@ int sd_bus_message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p);
 int sd_bus_message_open_container(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const char *contents);
 int sd_bus_message_close_container(sd_bus_message *m);
 
-int sd_bus_message_read_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, char *element, size_t *length);
-int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, char element, const void **p, size_t *length);
 int sd_bus_message_read(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...);
+int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, void *p);
+int sd_bus_message_enter_container(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const char *contents);
+int sd_bus_message_exit_container(sd_bus_message *m);
+int sd_bus_message_peek_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, const char **contents);
+int sd_bus_message_rewind(sd_bus_message *m, bool complete);
 
 /* Bus management */
 
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
index 08364ef..9138f11 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
-        int r;
-        const char *x, *y, *z, *a, *b, *c;
+        int r, boolean;
+        const char *x, *y, *z, *a, *b, *c, *d;
         uint8_t u, v;
         void *buffer = NULL;
         size_t sz;
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
         assert_se(r >= 0);
 
-        r = message_seal(m, 4711);
+        r = bus_message_seal(m, 4711);
         assert_se(r >= 0);
 
-        message_dump(m);
+        bus_message_dump(m);
 
         r = bus_message_get_blob(m, &buffer, &sz);
         assert_se(r >= 0);
@@ -118,12 +118,48 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         free(buffer);
 
-        /* r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "sas", &x, 5, &y, &z, &a, &b, &c); */
-        /* assert_se(r >= 0); */
-
-        /* r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "a{yv}", 2, */
-        /*                        &u, "s", &x, */
-        /*                        &v, "s", &y); */
+        assert_se(sd_bus_message_rewind(m, true) >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "sas", &x, 2, &y, &z);
+        assert_se(r > 0);
+        assert_se(streq(x, "a string"));
+        assert_se(streq(y, "string #1"));
+        assert_se(streq(z, "string #2"));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "sass", &x, 5, &y, &z, &a, &b, &c, &d);
+        assert_se(r > 0);
+        assert_se(streq(x, "foobar"));
+        assert_se(streq(y, "foo"));
+        assert_se(streq(z, "bar"));
+        assert_se(streq(a, "waldo"));
+        assert_se(streq(b, "piep"));
+        assert_se(streq(c, "pap"));
+        assert_se(streq(d, "after"));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "a{yv}", 2, &u, "s", &x, &v, "s", &y);
+        assert_se(r > 0);
+        assert_se(u == 3);
+        assert_se(streq(x, "foo"));
+        assert_se(v == 5);
+        assert_se(streq(y, "waldo"));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "ba(ss)", &boolean, 3, &x, &y, &a, &b, &c, &d);
+        assert_se(r > 0);
+        assert_se(boolean);
+        assert_se(streq(x, "aaa"));
+        assert_se(streq(y, "1"));
+        assert_se(streq(a, "bbb"));
+        assert_se(streq(b, "2"));
+        assert_se(streq(c, "ccc"));
+        assert_se(streq(d, "3"));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "as", 2, &x, &y);
+        assert_se(r > 0);
+        assert_se(streq(x, "foobar"));
+        assert_se(streq(y, "waldo"));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, NULL, NULL);
+        assert_se(r == 0);
 
         return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/util.c b/src/shared/util.c
index f94abbc..69f1b00 100644
--- a/src/shared/util.c
+++ b/src/shared/util.c
@@ -5797,3 +5797,22 @@ char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
 
         return r + l;
 }
+
+char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
+        size_t l;
+        char *r, *p;
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        l = strlen(s);
+        p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                p = stpcpy(p, s);
+
+        *p = 0;
+        return r;
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/util.h b/src/shared/util.h
index 25c0084..f75c66b 100644
--- a/src/shared/util.h
+++ b/src/shared/util.h
@@ -608,3 +608,4 @@ static inline void *mempset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
 
 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
 char *strextend(char **x, ...);
+char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n);

commit 5407f2dea3efa5234140f1adb9c2be9916d77cdc
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Tue Mar 19 20:16:27 2013 +0100

    bus: suppress reply messages to method calls with no_reply set

diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
index 4c5588c..ccea120 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
@@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_signal(
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!member)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
 
         t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
         if (!t)
@@ -283,6 +285,8 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!member)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
 
         t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL);
         if (!t)
@@ -315,9 +319,10 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
-int sd_bus_message_new_method_return(
+static int message_new_reply(
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 sd_bus_message *call,
+                uint8_t type,
                 sd_bus_message **m) {
 
         sd_bus_message *t;
@@ -327,12 +332,15 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_method_return(
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (call->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
 
-        t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN);
+        t = message_new(bus, type);
         if (!t)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
         t->reply_serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(call);
+
         r = message_append_field_uint32(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL, t->reply_serial);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
@@ -343,14 +351,23 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_method_return(
                         goto fail;
         }
 
+        t->dont_send = !!(call->header->flags & SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED);
+
         *m = t;
-        return 0;
 
 fail:
         message_free(t);
         return r;
 }
 
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_return(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                sd_bus_message *call,
+                sd_bus_message **m) {
+
+        return message_new_reply(bus, call, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN, m);
+}
+
 int sd_bus_message_new_method_error(
                 sd_bus *bus,
                 sd_bus_message *call,
@@ -360,29 +377,16 @@ int sd_bus_message_new_method_error(
         sd_bus_message *t;
         int r;
 
-        if (!call)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        if (call->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
-                return -EINVAL;
         if (!e)
                 return -EINVAL;
         if (!e->name)
                 return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
 
-        t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR);
-        if (!t)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        t->reply_serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(call);
-        r = message_append_field_uint32(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL, t->reply_serial);
+        r = message_new_reply(bus, call, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR, &t);
         if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        if (call->sender) {
-                r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, call->sender, &t->sender);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-        }
+                return r;
 
         r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_ERROR_NAME, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, e->name, &t->error.name);
         if (r < 0)
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
index c62659e..bfd2b12 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ struct sd_bus_message {
         bool free_header:1;
         bool free_fields:1;
         bool free_body:1;
+        bool dont_send:1;
 
         struct bus_header *header;
         void *fields;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
index d80f097..f7d7644 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
@@ -996,6 +996,11 @@ int sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
+        /* If this is a reply and no reply was requested, then let's
+         * suppress this, if we can */
+        if (m->dont_send && !serial)
+                return 0;
+
         if (bus->wqueue_size <= 0) {
                 size_t idx = 0;
 

commit de1c301ed165eb4d04a0c9d4babe97912b5233bb
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Tue Mar 19 20:03:16 2013 +0100

    bus: add basic implementation of a native bus client library

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 7385107..917b066 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@
 /systemd-user-sessions
 /systemd-vconsole-setup
 /tags
+/test-bus-marshal
+/test-bus-signature
 /test-calendarspec
 /test-catalog
 /test-cgroup
diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 37eeb01..c94c192 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -1639,6 +1639,50 @@ EXTRA_DIST += \
 	src/libsystemd-daemon/libsystemd-daemon.sym
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+libsystemd_bus_la_SOURCES = \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.c \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.h
+
+noinst_LTLIBRARIES += \
+        libsystemd-bus.la
+
+noinst_tests += \
+	test-bus-marshal \
+	test-bus-signature
+
+test_bus_marshal_SOURCES = \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
+
+test_bus_marshal_LDADD = \
+	libsystemd-shared.la \
+	libsystemd-bus.la \
+	$(GLIB_LIBS) \
+	$(DBUS_LIBS)
+
+test_bus_marshal_CFLAGS = \
+	$(AM_CFLAGS) \
+	$(GLIB_CFLAGS) \
+	$(DBUS_CFLAGS)
+
+test_bus_signature_SOURCES = \
+	src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-signature.c
+
+test_bus_signature_LDADD = \
+	libsystemd-shared.la \
+	libsystemd-bus.la
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if ENABLE_GTK_DOC
 SUBDIRS += \
 	docs/libudev
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 5d1be3f..ae492cf 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -724,9 +724,11 @@ AM_CONDITIONAL(ENABLE_FIRMWARE, [test "x${FIRMWARE_PATH}" != "x"])
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([gudev],
        AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-gudev], [disable Gobject libudev support @<:@default=enabled@:>@]),
        [], [enable_gudev=yes])
-AS_IF([test "x$enable_gudev" = "xyes"], [ PKG_CHECK_MODULES([GLIB], [glib-2.0 >= 2.22.0 gobject-2.0 >= 2.22.0]) ])
+AS_IF([test "x$enable_gudev" = "xyes"], [ PKG_CHECK_MODULES([GLIB], [glib-2.0 >= 2.22.0 gobject-2.0 >= 2.22.0 gio-2.0]) ])
 AM_CONDITIONAL([ENABLE_GUDEV], [test "x$enable_gudev" = "xyes"])
 
+AS_IF([test "x$enable_gudev" = "xyes"], [ AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GLIB, 1, [Define if glib is available]) ])
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([keymap],
        AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-keymap], [disable keymap fixup support @<:@default=enabled@:>@]),
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/Makefile b/src/libsystemd-bus/Makefile
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..d0b0e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../Makefile
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4cc251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-control.c
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "strv.h"
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
+
+const char *sd_bus_get_unique_name(sd_bus *bus) {
+        if (!bus)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return bus->unique_name;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_request_name(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        uint32_t ret;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "RequestName",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "su", name, flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "u", &ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_release_name(sd_bus *bus, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        uint32_t ret;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "ReleaseName",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "u", &ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_list_names(sd_bus *bus, char ***l) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m1 = NULL, *reply1 = NULL, *m2 = NULL, *reply2 = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL, **b = NULL;
+        char **x = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!l)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "ListNames",
+                        &m1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "ListActivatableNames",
+                        &m2);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m1, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m2, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply2);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply1, "as", &a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply2, "as", &b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        x = strv_merge(a, b);
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *l = strv_uniq(x);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_get_owner(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char **owner) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "GetNameOwner",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", owner);
+}
+
+int sd_bus_get_owner_uid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, uid_t *uid) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        uint32_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!uid)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "GetConnectionUnixUser",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "u", &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *uid = (uid_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_get_owner_pid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, pid_t *pid) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        uint32_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!pid)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "GetConnectionUnixUser",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "u", &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (u == 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *pid = (uid_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_add_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!match)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "AddMatch",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", match);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+}
+
+int sd_bus_remove_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!match)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "RemoveMatch",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", match);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, (uint64_t) -1, NULL, &reply);
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0832022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.c
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+
+void sd_bus_error_free(sd_bus_error *e) {
+        if (!e)
+                return;
+
+        if (e->need_free) {
+                free((void*) e->name);
+                free((void*) e->message);
+        }
+
+        e->name = e->message = NULL;
+        e->need_free = false;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...) {
+        char *n, *m = NULL;
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        n = strdup(name);
+        if (!n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (format) {
+                va_start(ap, format);
+                r = vasprintf(&m, format, ap);
+                va_end(ap);
+
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        free(n);
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        }
+
+        e->name = n;
+        e->message = m;
+        e->need_free = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_error_copy(sd_bus_error *dest, const sd_bus_error *e) {
+        if (!dest)
+                return 0;
+        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(dest))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (e->need_free) {
+                char *x, *y = NULL;
+
+                x = strdup(e->name);
+                if (!x)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (e->message) {
+                        y = strdup(e->message);
+                        if (!y) {
+                                free(x);
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                dest->name = x;
+                dest->message = y;
+                dest->need_free = true;
+        } else
+                *dest = *e;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void sd_bus_error_set_const(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *message) {
+        if (!e)
+                return;
+        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(e))
+                return;
+
+        e->name = name;
+        e->message = message;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_error_is_set(const sd_bus_error *e) {
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+
+        return e->name || e->message || e->need_free;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_error_has_name(const sd_bus_error *e, const char *name) {
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+
+        return streq_ptr(e->name, name);
+}
+
+int bus_error_to_errno(const sd_bus_error* e) {
+
+        /* Better replce this with a gperf table */
+
+        if (!e->name)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (streq(e->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoMemory"))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (streq(e->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AuthFailed") ||
+            streq(e->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied"))
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        return -EIO;
+}
+
+int bus_error_from_errno(sd_bus_error *e, int error) {
+        if (!e)
+                return error;
+
+        if (error == -ENOMEM)
+                sd_bus_error_set_const(e, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoMemory", strerror(-error));
+        else if (error == -EPERM || error == EACCES)
+                sd_bus_error_set_const(e, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied", strerror(-error));
+        else
+                sd_bus_error_set_const(e, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Failed", "Operation failed");
+
+        return error;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f49e6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+int bus_error_to_errno(const sd_bus_error *e);
+int bus_error_from_errno(sd_bus_error *e, int error);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19398af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "bus-internal.h"
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8cdc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+
+struct reply_callback {
+        sd_message_handler_t callback;
+        void *userdata;
+        usec_t timeout;
+        uint64_t serial;
+};
+
+struct filter_callback {
+        sd_message_handler_t callback;
+        void *userdata;
+
+        LIST_FIELDS(struct filter_callback, callbacks);
+};
+
+enum bus_state {
+        BUS_OPENING,
+        BUS_AUTHENTICATING,
+        BUS_HELLO,
+        BUS_RUNNING,
+        BUS_CLOSED
+};
+
+struct sd_bus {
+        unsigned n_ref;
+        enum bus_state state;
+        int fd;
+        int message_version;
+        bool can_fds:1;
+        bool send_hello:1;
+
+        void *rbuffer;
+        size_t rbuffer_size;
+
+        sd_bus_message **rqueue;
+        unsigned rqueue_size;
+
+        sd_bus_message **wqueue;
+        unsigned wqueue_size;
+        size_t windex;
+
+        uint64_t serial;
+
+        char *unique_name;
+
+        Hashmap *reply_callbacks;
+        LIST_HEAD(struct filter_callback, filter_callbacks);
+
+        union {
+                struct sockaddr sa;
+                struct sockaddr_un un;
+                struct sockaddr_in in;
+                struct sockaddr_in6 in6;
+        } sockaddr;
+        socklen_t sockaddr_size;
+
+        sd_id128_t peer;
+
+        char *address;
+        unsigned address_index;
+
+        int last_connect_error;
+
+        struct iovec auth_iovec[3];
+        unsigned auth_index;
+        size_t auth_size;
+        char *auth_uid;
+};
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c5588c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1413 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "bus-message.h"
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
+#include "bus-type.h"
+#include "bus-signature.h"
+
+int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void **stored);
+
+static void message_free(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->free_header)
+                free(m->header);
+
+        if (m->free_fields)
+                free(m->fields);
+
+        if (m->free_body)
+                free(m->body);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < m->n_fds; i++)
+                close_nointr_nofail(m->fds[i]);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < m->n_containers; i++)
+                free(m->sub_containers[i].signature);
+
+        free(m->sub_containers);
+        free(m);
+}
+
+static void* buffer_extend(void **p, uint32_t *sz, size_t align, size_t extend) {
+        size_t start, n;
+        void *k;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(sz);
+        assert(align > 0);
+
+        start = ALIGN_TO((size_t) *sz, align);
+        n = start + extend;
+
+        if (n == *sz)
+                return (uint8_t*) *p + start;
+
+        if (n > (size_t) ((uint32_t) -1))
+                return NULL;
+
+        k = realloc(*p, n);
+        if (!k)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Zero out padding */
+        if (start > *sz)
+                memset((uint8_t*) k + *sz, 0, start - *sz);
+
+        *p = k;
+        *sz = n;
+
+        return (uint8_t*) k + start;
+}
+
+static void *message_extend_fields(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
+        void *p, *o;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        o = m->fields;
+        p = buffer_extend(&m->fields, &m->header->fields_size, align, sz);
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (o != m->fields) {
+                /* Adjust quick access pointers */
+
+                if (m->path)
+                        m->path = (const char*) m->fields + (m->path - (const char*) o);
+                if (m->interface)
+                        m->interface = (const char*) m->fields + (m->interface - (const char*) o);
+                if (m->member)
+                        m->member = (const char*) m->fields + (m->member - (const char*) o);
+                if (m->destination)
+                        m->destination = (const char*) m->fields + (m->destination - (const char*) o);
+                if (m->sender)
+                        m->sender = (const char*) m->fields + (m->sender - (const char*) o);
+                if (m->signature)
+                        m->signature = (const char*) m->fields + (m->signature - (const char*) o);
+                if (m->error.name)
+                        m->error.name = (const char*) m->fields + (m->error.name - (const char*) o);
+        }
+
+        m->free_fields = true;
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+static int message_append_field_string(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                uint8_t h,
+                char type,
+                const char *s,
+                const char **ret) {
+
+        size_t l;
+        uint8_t *p;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        l = strlen(s);
+        if (l > (size_t) (uint32_t) -1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* field id byte + signature length + signature 's' + NUL + string length + string + NUL */
+        p = message_extend_fields(m, 8, 4 + 4 + l + 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        p[0] = h;
+        p[1] = 1;
+        p[2] = type;
+        p[3] = 0;
+
+        ((uint32_t*) p)[1] = l;
+        memcpy(p + 8, s, l + 1);
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = (const char*) p + 8;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_append_field_signature(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                uint8_t h,
+                const char *s,
+                const char **ret) {
+
+        size_t l;
+        uint8_t *p;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        l = strlen(s);
+        if (l > 255)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* field id byte + signature length + signature 'g' + NUL + string length + string + NUL */
+        p = message_extend_fields(m, 8, 4 + 1 + l + 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        p[0] = h;
+        p[1] = 1;
+        p[2] = SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE;
+        p[3] = 0;
+        p[4] = l;
+        memcpy(p + 5, s, l + 1);
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = (const char*) p + 5;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_append_field_uint32(sd_bus_message *m, uint8_t h, uint32_t x) {
+        uint8_t *p;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* field id byte + signature length + signature 'u' + NUL + value */
+        p = message_extend_fields(m, 8, 4 + 4);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        p[0] = h;
+        p[1] = 1;
+        p[2] = SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32;
+        p[3] = 0;
+
+        ((uint32_t*) p)[1] = x;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static sd_bus_message *message_new(sd_bus *bus, uint8_t type) {
+        sd_bus_message *m;
+
+        m = malloc0(ALIGN(sizeof(struct sd_bus_message)) + sizeof(struct bus_header));
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        m->n_ref = 1;
+        m->header = (struct bus_header*) ((uint8_t*) m + ALIGN(sizeof(struct sd_bus_message)));
+
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+        m->header->endian = SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN;
+#else
+        m->header->endian = SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+#endif
+        m->header->type = type;
+        m->header->version = bus ? bus->message_version : 1;
+
+        return m;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_new_signal(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *member,
+                sd_bus_message **m) {
+
+        sd_bus_message *t;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!path)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!interface)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!member)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_PATH, SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, path, &t->path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+        r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_INTERFACE, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, interface, &t->interface);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+        r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_MEMBER, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, member, &t->member);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        *m = t;
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        sd_bus_message_unref(t);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *destination,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *member,
+                sd_bus_message **m) {
+
+        sd_bus_message *t;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!path)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!member)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_PATH, SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, path, &t->path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+        r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_MEMBER, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, member, &t->member);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (interface) {
+                r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_INTERFACE, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, interface, &t->interface);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (destination) {
+                r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, destination, &t->destination);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+        }
+
+        *m = t;
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        message_free(t);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_return(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                sd_bus_message *call,
+                sd_bus_message **m) {
+
+        sd_bus_message *t;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!call)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (call->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        t->reply_serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(call);
+        r = message_append_field_uint32(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL, t->reply_serial);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (call->sender) {
+                r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, call->sender, &t->sender);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+        }
+
+        *m = t;
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        message_free(t);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_error(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                sd_bus_message *call,
+                const sd_bus_error *e,
+                sd_bus_message **m) {
+
+        sd_bus_message *t;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!call)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (call->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!e)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!e->name)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        t = message_new(bus, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        t->reply_serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(call);
+        r = message_append_field_uint32(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL, t->reply_serial);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (call->sender) {
+                r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, call->sender, &t->sender);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = message_append_field_string(t, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_ERROR_NAME, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, e->name, &t->error.name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (e->message) {
+                r = message_append_basic(t, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, e->message, (const void**) &t->error.message);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+        }
+
+        *m = t;
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        message_free(t);
+        return r;
+}
+
+sd_bus_message* sd_bus_message_ref(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(m->n_ref > 0);
+        m->n_ref++;
+
+        return m;
+}
+
+sd_bus_message* sd_bus_message_unref(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(m->n_ref > 0);
+        m->n_ref--;
+
+        if (m->n_ref <= 0)
+                message_free(m);
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_type(sd_bus_message *m, uint8_t *type) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!type)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *type = m->header->type;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_serial(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!serial)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->header->serial == 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(m);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_reply_serial(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!serial)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->reply_serial == 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *serial = m->reply_serial;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_no_reply(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return m->header->type == SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL ? !!(m->header->flags & SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED) : 0;
+}
+
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_path(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return m->path;
+}
+
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_interface(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return m->interface;
+}
+
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_member(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return m->member;
+}
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_destination(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return m->destination;
+}
+
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_sender(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return m->sender;
+}
+
+const sd_bus_error *sd_bus_message_get_error(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(&m->error))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return &m->error;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_uid(sd_bus_message *m, uid_t *uid) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->uid_valid)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *uid = m->uid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_gid(sd_bus_message *m, gid_t *gid) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->gid_valid)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *gid = m->gid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_pid(sd_bus_message *m, pid_t *pid) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->pid <= 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *pid = m->pid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_tid(sd_bus_message *m, pid_t *tid) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->tid <= 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        *tid = m->tid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_is_signal(sd_bus_message *m, const char *interface, const char *member) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (interface && (!m->interface || !streq(m->interface, interface)))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (member &&  (!m->member || !streq(m->member, member)))
+                return 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_is_method_call(sd_bus_message *m, const char *interface, const char *member) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (interface && (!m->interface || !streq(m->interface, interface)))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (member &&  (!m->member || !streq(m->member, member)))
+                return 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_is_method_error(sd_bus_message *m, const char *name) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (name && (!m->error.name || !streq(m->error.name, name)))
+                return 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_set_no_reply(sd_bus_message *m, int b) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        if (b)
+                m->header->flags |= SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED;
+        else
+                m->header->flags &= ~SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static struct bus_container *message_get_container(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->n_containers == 0)
+                return &m->root_container;
+
+        assert(m->sub_containers);
+        return m->sub_containers + m->n_containers - 1;
+}
+
+static void *message_extend_body(sd_bus_message *m, size_t align, size_t sz) {
+        void *p, *o;
+        size_t added;
+        struct bus_container *c;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        o = m->body;
+        added = m->header->body_size;
+
+        p = buffer_extend(&m->body, &m->header->body_size, align, sz);
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        added = m->header->body_size - added;
+
+        for (c = m->sub_containers; c < m->sub_containers + m->n_containers; c++)
+                if (c->array_size) {
+                        c->array_size = (uint32_t*) ((uint8_t*) m->body + ((uint8_t*) c->array_size - (uint8_t*) o));
+                        *c->array_size += added;
+                }
+
+        if (o != m->body) {
+                if (m->error.message)
+                        m->error.message = (const char*) m->body + (m->error.message - (const char*) o);
+        }
+
+        m->free_body = true;
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+int message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p, const void **stored) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
+        size_t sz, align, nindex;
+        uint32_t k;
+        void *a;
+        char *e = NULL;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (!bus_type_is_basic(type))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+
+        if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
+                /* Container signature is already set */
+
+                if (c->signature[c->index] != type)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        } else {
+                /* Maybe we can append to the signature? But only if this is the top-level container*/
+                if (c->enclosing != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(type), NULL);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        nindex = c->index + 1;
+
+        switch (type) {
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+                align = 4;
+                sz = 4 + strlen(p) + 1;
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE:
+                align = 1;
+                sz = 1 + strlen(p) + 1;
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                align = sz = 4;
+
+                assert_cc(sizeof(int) == sizeof(uint32_t));
+                memcpy(&k, p, 4);
+                k = !!k;
+                p = &k;
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                align = bus_type_get_alignment(type);
+                sz = bus_type_get_size(type);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        assert(align > 0);
+        assert(sz > 0);
+
+        a = message_extend_body(m, align, sz);
+        if (!a) {
+                /* Truncate extended signature again */
+                if (e)
+                        c->signature[c->index] = 0;
+
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING || type == SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH) {
+                *(uint32_t*) a = sz - 5;
+                memcpy((uint8_t*) a + 4, p, sz - 4);
+
+                if (stored)
+                        *stored = (const uint8_t*) a + 4;
+
+        } else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE) {
+                *(uint8_t*) a = sz - 1;
+                memcpy((uint8_t*) a + 1, p, sz - 1);
+
+                if (stored)
+                        *stored = (const uint8_t*) a + 1;
+
+        } else {
+                memcpy(a, p, sz);
+
+                if (stored)
+                        *stored = a;
+        }
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index = nindex;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p) {
+        return message_append_basic(m, type, p, NULL);
+}
+
+static int bus_message_open_array(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents,
+                uint32_t **array_size) {
+
+        char *e = NULL;
+        size_t nindex;
+        void *a, *b;
+        int alignment;
+        size_t saved;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+        assert(array_size);
+
+        if (!signature_is_single(contents))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        alignment = bus_type_get_alignment(contents[0]);
+        if (alignment < 0)
+                return alignment;
+
+        if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
+
+                /* Verify the existing signature */
+
+                if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                nindex = c->index + 1 + strlen(contents);
+        } else {
+                if (c->enclosing != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Extend the existing signature */
+
+                e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY), contents, NULL);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                nindex = e - c->signature;
+        }
+
+        saved = m->header->body_size;
+        a = message_extend_body(m, 4, 4);
+        if (!a) {
+                /* Truncate extended signature again */
+                if (e)
+                        c->signature[c->index] = 0;
+
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+        b = m->body;
+
+        if (!message_extend_body(m, alignment, 0)) {
+                /* Add alignment between size and first element */
+                if (e)
+                        c->signature[c->index] = 0;
+
+                m->header->body_size = saved;
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index = nindex;
+
+        /* m->body might have changed so let's readjust a */
+        a = (uint8_t*) m->body + ((uint8_t*) a - (uint8_t*) b);
+        *(uint32_t*) a = 0;
+
+        *array_size = a;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_message_open_variant(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        char *e = NULL;
+        size_t l, nindex;
+        void *a;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+
+        if (!signature_is_single(contents))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (*contents == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
+
+                if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+        } else {
+                if (c->enclosing != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT), NULL);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        nindex = c->index + 1;
+
+        l = strlen(contents);
+        a = message_extend_body(m, 1, 1 + l + 1);
+        if (!a) {
+                /* Truncate extended signature again */
+                if (e)
+                        c->signature[c->index] = 0;
+
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *(uint8_t*) a = l;
+        memcpy((uint8_t*) a + 1, contents, l + 1);
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index = nindex;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_message_open_struct(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        size_t nindex;
+        char *e = NULL;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+
+        if (!signature_is_valid(contents, false))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
+                size_t l;
+
+                l = strlen(contents);
+
+                if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ||
+                    !startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents) ||
+                    c->signature[c->index + 1 + l] != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                nindex = c->index + 1 + l + 1;
+        } else {
+                if (c->enclosing != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = strextend(&c->signature, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN), contents, CHAR_TO_STR(SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END), NULL);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                nindex = e - c->signature;
+        }
+
+        /* Align contents to 8 byte boundary */
+        if (!message_extend_body(m, 8, 0)) {
+                if (e)
+                        c->signature[c->index] = 0;
+
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index = nindex;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_message_open_dict_entry(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                struct bus_container *c,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        size_t nindex;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+        assert(contents);
+
+        if (!signature_is_pair(contents))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (c->signature && c->signature[c->index]) {
+                size_t l;
+
+                l = strlen(contents);
+
+                if (c->signature[c->index] != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN ||
+                    !startswith(c->signature + c->index + 1, contents) ||
+                    c->signature[c->index + 1 + l] != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_END)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                nindex = c->index + 1 + l + 1;
+        } else
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Align contents to 8 byte boundary */
+        if (!message_extend_body(m, 8, 0))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                c->index = nindex;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_open_container(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                char type,
+                const char *contents) {
+
+        struct bus_container *c, *sub;
+        char *signature;
+        uint32_t *array_size = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (!contents)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Make sure we have space for one more container */
+        sub = realloc(m->sub_containers, sizeof(struct bus_container) * (m->n_containers + 1));
+        if (!sub)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        m->sub_containers = sub;
+
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+
+        signature = strdup(contents);
+        if (!signature)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                r = bus_message_open_array(m, c, contents, &array_size);
+        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+                r = bus_message_open_variant(m, c, contents);
+        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
+                r = bus_message_open_struct(m, c, contents);
+        else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)
+                r = bus_message_open_dict_entry(m, c, contents);
+        else
+                r = -EINVAL;
+
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(signature);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        /* OK, let's fill it in */
+        sub += m->n_containers++;
+
+        sub->enclosing = type;
+        sub->signature = signature;
+        sub->index = 0;
+        sub->array_size = array_size;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_close_container(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        struct bus_container *c;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (m->n_containers <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        c = message_get_container(m);
+
+        if (!c->signature)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (c->enclosing != SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY)
+                if (c->signature[c->index] != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+        free(c->signature);
+        m->n_containers--;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_append_ap(
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                const char *types,
+                va_list ap) {
+
+        const char *t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(types);
+
+        for (t = types; *t; t++) {
+                switch (*t) {
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE: {
+                        uint8_t x;
+
+                        x = (uint8_t) va_arg(ap, int);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
+                        uint32_t x;
+
+                        x = va_arg(ap, uint32_t);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16: {
+                        uint16_t x;
+
+                        x = (uint16_t) va_arg(ap, int);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+                        uint64_t x;
+
+                        x = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE: {
+                        const char *x;
+
+                        x = va_arg(ap, const char*);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, x);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD: {
+                        int x;
+
+                        x = va_arg(ap, int);
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, *t, &x);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                        unsigned i, n;
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(t + 1, &k);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        {
+                                char s[k + 1];
+
+                                memcpy(s, t + 1, k);
+                                s[k] = 0;
+                                t += k;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                n = va_arg(ap, unsigned);
+
+                                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                                        r = message_append_ap(m, s, ap);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+                                }
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT: {
+                        const char *s;
+
+                        s = va_arg(ap, const char*);
+                        if (!s)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = message_append_ap(m, s, ap);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN: {
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(t, &k);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        {
+                                char s[k - 1];
+
+                                memcpy(s, t + 1, k - 2);
+                                s[k - 2] = 0;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, *t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ? SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT : SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                t += k - 1;
+
+                                r = message_append_ap(m, s, ap);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                        r = -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_append(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (!types)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        va_start(ap, types);
+        r = message_append_ap(m, types, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_read_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, char *element, size_t *length) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, char element, const void **p, size_t *length) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_read(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+}
+
+int message_parse(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->header->version != 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (m->header->endian != SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN &&
+            m->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void setup_iovec(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(m->sealed);
+
+        m->n_iovec = 0;
+
+        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->header;
+        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = sizeof(*m->header);
+        m->n_iovec++;
+
+        if (m->fields) {
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->fields;
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = m->header->fields_size;
+                m->n_iovec++;
+
+                if (m->header->fields_size % 8 != 0) {
+                        static const uint8_t padding[7] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+                        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = (void*) padding;
+                        m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = 8 - m->header->fields_size % 8;
+                        m->n_iovec++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (m->body) {
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_base = m->body;
+                m->iovec[m->n_iovec].iov_len = m->header->body_size;
+                m->n_iovec++;
+        }
+}
+
+int message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        if (m->n_containers > 0)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        /* If there's a non-trivial signature set, then add it in here */
+        if (!isempty(m->root_container.signature)) {
+                r = message_append_field_signature(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE, m->root_container.signature, &m->signature);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (m->n_fds > 0) {
+                r = message_append_field_uint32(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_UNIX_FDS, m->n_fds);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        m->header->serial = serial;
+        m->sealed = true;
+
+        setup_iovec(m);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination) {
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!destination)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return -EPERM;
+        if (m->destination)
+                return -EEXIST;
+
+        return message_append_field_string(m, SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, destination, &m->destination);
+}
+
+void message_dump(sd_bus_message *m) {
+
+        log_info("Message %p\n"
+                 "\tn_ref=%u\n"
+                 "\tendian=%c\n"
+                 "\ttype=%i\n"
+                 "\tflags=%u\n"
+                 "\tversion=%u\n"
+                 "\tserial=%u\n"
+                 "\tfields_size=%u\n"
+                 "\tbody_size=%u\n"
+                 "\tpath=%s\n"
+                 "\tinterface=%s\n"
+                 "\tmember=%s\n"
+                 "\tdestination=%s\n"
+                 "\tsender=%s\n"
+                 "\tsignature=%s\n"
+                 "\treply_serial=%u\n"
+                 "\terror.name=%s\n"
+                 "\terror.message=%s\n"
+                 "\tsealed=%s\n",
+                 m,
+                 m->n_ref,
+                 m->header->endian,
+                 m->header->type,
+                 m->header->flags,
+                 m->header->version,
+                 BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(m),
+                 BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(m),
+                 BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(m),
+                 strna(m->path),
+                 strna(m->interface),
+                 strna(m->member),
+                 strna(m->destination),
+                 strna(m->sender),
+                 strna(m->signature),
+                 m->reply_serial,
+                 strna(m->error.name),
+                 strna(m->error.message),
+                 yes_no(m->sealed));
+}
+
+int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz) {
+        size_t total;
+        unsigned i;
+        void *p, *e;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(buffer);
+        assert(sz);
+
+        for (i = 0, total = 0; i < m->n_iovec; i++)
+                total += m->iovec[i].iov_len;
+
+        p = malloc(total);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (i = 0, e = p; i < m->n_iovec; i++)
+                e = mempcpy(e, m->iovec[i].iov_base, m->iovec[i].iov_len);
+
+        *buffer = p;
+        *sz = total;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c62659e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <byteswap.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+struct bus_container {
+        char enclosing;
+
+        char *signature;
+        unsigned index;
+
+        uint32_t *array_size;
+};
+
+_packed_ struct bus_header {
+        uint8_t endian;
+        uint8_t type;
+        uint8_t flags;
+        uint8_t version;
+        uint32_t body_size;
+        uint32_t serial;
+        uint32_t fields_size;
+};
+
+struct sd_bus_message {
+        unsigned n_ref;
+
+        uint32_t reply_serial;
+
+        const char *path;
+        const char *interface;
+        const char *member;
+        const char *destination;
+        const char *sender;
+        const char *signature;
+
+        sd_bus_error error;
+
+        uid_t uid;
+        gid_t gid;
+        pid_t pid;
+        pid_t tid;
+
+        bool sealed:1;
+        bool uid_valid:1;
+        bool gid_valid:1;
+        bool free_header:1;
+        bool free_fields:1;
+        bool free_body:1;
+
+        struct bus_header *header;
+        void *fields;
+        void *body;
+
+        uint32_t n_fds;
+        int *fds;
+
+        struct bus_container root_container, *sub_containers;
+        unsigned n_containers;
+
+        struct iovec iovec[4];
+        unsigned n_iovec;
+};
+
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#define BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ((m)->header->endian != SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#else
+#define BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ((m)->header->endian != SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#endif
+
+static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(sd_bus_message *m, uint32_t u) {
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_NEED_BSWAP(m) ? bswap_32(u) : u;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(m, m->header->serial);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(m, m->header->body_size);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t BUS_MESSAGE_FIELDS_SIZE(sd_bus_message *m) {
+        return BUS_MESSAGE_BSWAP(m, m->header->fields_size);
+}
+
+static inline void bus_message_unrefp(sd_bus_message **m) {
+        sd_bus_message_unref(*m);
+}
+
+#define _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ __attribute__((cleanup(bus_message_unrefp)))
+
+int message_parse(sd_bus_message *m);
+int message_seal(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t serial);
+void message_dump(sd_bus_message *m);
+int bus_message_get_blob(sd_bus_message *m, void **buffer, size_t *sz);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db95c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.c
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <util.h>
+
+#include "bus-signature.h"
+#include "bus-type.h"
+
+static int signature_element_length_internal(
+                const char *s,
+                bool allow_dict_entry,
+                size_t *l) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (bus_type_is_basic(*s) || *s == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+                *l = 1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (*s == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                size_t t;
+
+                r = signature_element_length_internal(s + 1, true, &t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *l = t + 1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (*s == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN) {
+                const char *p = s + 1;
+
+                while (*p != SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END) {
+                        size_t t;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length_internal(p, false, &t);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        p += t;
+                }
+
+                *l = p - s + 1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (*s == SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN && allow_dict_entry) {
+                const char *p = s + 1;
+                unsigned n = 0;
+
+                while (*p != SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_END) {
+                        size_t t;
+
+                        if (n == 0 && !bus_type_is_basic(*p))
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length_internal(p, false, &t);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        p += t;
+                        n++;
+                }
+
+                if (n != 2)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *l = p - s + 1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+bool signature_is_single(const char *s) {
+        int r;
+        size_t t;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = signature_element_length(s, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        return s[t] == 0;
+}
+
+bool signature_is_pair(const char *s) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (!bus_type_is_basic(*s))
+                return false;
+
+        return signature_is_single(s + 1);
+}
+
+bool signature_is_valid(const char *s, bool allow_dict_entry) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        p = s;
+        while (*p) {
+                size_t t;
+
+                r = signature_element_length_internal(p, allow_dict_entry, &t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                p += t;
+        }
+
+        return p - s <= 255;
+}
+
+int signature_element_length(const char *s, size_t *l) {
+        return signature_element_length_internal(s, true, l);
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4000e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-signature.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+bool signature_is_single(const char *s);
+bool signature_is_pair(const char *s);
+bool signature_is_valid(const char *s, bool allow_dict_entry);
+
+int signature_element_length(const char *s, size_t *l);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0557328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "bus-type.h"
+
+bool bus_type_is_valid(char c) {
+        static const char valid[] = {
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD
+        };
+
+        return !!memchr(valid, c, sizeof(valid));
+}
+
+bool bus_type_is_valid_in_signature(char c) {
+        static const char valid[] = {
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_END,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD
+        };
+
+        return !!memchr(valid, c, sizeof(valid));
+}
+
+bool bus_type_is_basic(char c) {
+        static const char valid[] = {
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD
+        };
+
+        return !!memchr(valid, c, sizeof(valid));
+}
+
+bool bus_type_is_container(char c) {
+        static const char valid[] = {
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT,
+                SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY
+        };
+
+        return !!memchr(valid, c, sizeof(valid));
+}
+
+int bus_type_get_alignment(char c) {
+
+        switch (c) {
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT:
+                return 1;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+                return 2;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+                return 4;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN:
+                return 8;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int bus_type_get_size(char c) {
+
+        switch (c) {
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+                return 1;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+                return 2;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+                return 4;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                return 8;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e261136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/bus-type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "sd-bus-protocol.h"
+
+bool bus_type_is_valid(char c);
+bool bus_type_is_valid_in_signature(char c);
+bool bus_type_is_basic(char c);
+bool bus_type_is_container(char c);
+int bus_type_get_alignment(char c);
+int bus_type_get_size(char c);
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88446fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/busctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
+
+        r = bus_open_system(&bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to bus: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, &l);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to list names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *owner = NULL;
+                pid_t pid = 0;
+                uid_t uid;
+                bool uid_valid;
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_owner(bus, *i, &owner);
+                if (r == -ENXIO)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = sd_get_owner_pid(bus, *i, &pid);
+                if (r == -ENXIO)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = sd_get_owner_uid(bus, *i, &pid);
+                if (r == -ENXIO)
+                        continue;
+                uid_valid = r >= 0;
+
+                printf("%s (%s) %llu %llu\n", *i, owner, (unsigned long long) pid, (unsigned long long) uid);
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+fail:
+        return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d7615f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus-protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#ifndef foosdbusprotocolhfoo
+#define foosdbusprotocolhfoo
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+/* Types of message */
+
+#define SD_BUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT ((usec_t) (25 * USEC_PER_SEC))
+
+enum {
+        _SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_INVALID = 0,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL,
+        _SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_MAX
+};
+
+/* Primitive types */
+
+enum {
+        _SD_BUS_TYPE_INVALID         = 0,
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE             = 'y',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN          = 'b',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16            = 'n',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16           = 'q',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32            = 'i',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32           = 'u',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64            = 'x',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64           = 't',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE           = 'd',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING           = 's',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH      = 'o',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE        = 'g',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD          = 'h',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY            = 'a',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT          = 'v',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT           = 'r', /* not actually used in signatures */
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN     = '(',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_END       = ')',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY       = 'e', /* not actually used in signatures */
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN = '{',
+        SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_END   = '}',
+};
+
+/* Endianess */
+
+enum {
+        _SD_BUS_INVALID_ENDIAN = 0,
+        SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN   = 'l',
+        SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN      = 'B'
+};
+
+/* Flags */
+
+enum {
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_REPLY_EXPECTED = 1,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_NO_AUTO_START = 2
+};
+
+/* Header fields */
+
+enum {
+        _SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_INVALID = 0,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_PATH,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_INTERFACE,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_MEMBER,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_ERROR_NAME,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_REPLY_SERIAL,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_DESTINATION,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SENDER,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIGNATURE,
+        SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_UNIX_FDS,
+        _SD_BUS_MESSAGE_HEADER_MAX
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d80f097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1437 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <endian.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <sys/poll.h>
+#include <byteswap.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
+#include "bus-type.h"
+
+#define WQUEUE_MAX 128
+
+static void bus_free(sd_bus *b) {
+        struct filter_callback *f;
+
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (b->fd >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(b->fd);
+
+        free(b->rbuffer);
+        free(b->rqueue);
+        free(b->wqueue);
+        free(b->unique_name);
+
+        hashmap_free_free(b->reply_callbacks);
+
+        while ((f = b->filter_callbacks)) {
+                LIST_REMOVE(struct filter_callback, callbacks, b->filter_callbacks, f);
+                free(f);
+        }
+
+        free(b);
+}
+
+static sd_bus* bus_new(void) {
+        sd_bus *r;
+
+        r = new0(sd_bus, 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r->n_ref = 1;
+        r->fd = -1;
+        r->message_version = 1;
+
+        /* We guarantee that wqueue always has space for at least one
+         * entry */
+        r->wqueue = new(sd_bus_message*, 1);
+        if (!r->wqueue) {
+                free(r);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+};
+
+static int hello_callback(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *reply, void *userdata) {
+        const char *s;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+
+        bus->state = BUS_RUNNING;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        bus->unique_name = strdup(s);
+        if (!bus->unique_name)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bus_send_hello(sd_bus *bus) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "/",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus",
+                        "Hello",
+                        &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send_with_reply(bus, m, hello_callback, NULL, (uint64_t) -1, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_start_running(sd_bus *bus) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (bus->send_hello) {
+                bus->state = BUS_HELLO;
+
+                r = bus_send_hello(bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        bus->state = BUS_RUNNING;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_address_key(const char **p, const char *key, char **value) {
+        size_t l, n = 0;
+        const char *a;
+        char *r = NULL;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(*p);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(value);
+
+        l = strlen(key);
+        if (!strncmp(*p, key, l) != 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if ((*p)[l] != '=')
+                return 0;
+
+        if (*value)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        a = *p + l + 1;
+        while (*a != ';' && *a != 0) {
+                char c, *t;
+
+                if (*a == '%') {
+                        int x, y;
+
+                        x = unhexchar(a[1]);
+                        if (x < 0) {
+                                free(r);
+                                return x;
+                        }
+
+                        y = unhexchar(a[2]);
+                        if (y < 0) {
+                                free(r);
+                                return y;
+                        }
+
+                        a += 3;
+                        c = (char) ((x << 4) | y);
+                } else
+                        c = *a;
+
+                t = realloc(r, n + 1);
+                if (!t) {
+                        free(r);
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                r = t;
+                r[n++] = c;
+        }
+
+        *p = a;
+        *value = r;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static void skip_address_key(const char **p) {
+        assert(p);
+        assert(*p);
+
+        *p += strcspn(*p, ";");
+}
+
+static int bus_parse_next_address(sd_bus *b) {
+        const char *a, *p;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *guid = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (!b->address)
+                return 0;
+        if (b->address[b->address_index] == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        a = b->address + b->address_index;
+
+        zero(b->sockaddr);
+        b->sockaddr_size = 0;
+        b->peer = SD_ID128_NULL;
+
+        if (startswith(a, "unix:")) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *abstract = NULL;
+
+                p = a + 5;
+                while (*p != 0 && *p != ';') {
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "guid", &guid);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "path", &path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "abstract", &abstract);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        skip_address_key(&p);
+                }
+
+                if (!path && !abstract)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (path && abstract)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (path) {
+                        size_t l;
+
+                        l = strlen(path);
+                        if (l > sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path))
+                                return -E2BIG;
+
+                        b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+                        strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, path, sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path));
+                        b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + l;
+                } else if (abstract) {
+                        size_t l;
+
+                        l = strlen(path);
+                        if (l > sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path) - 1)
+                                return -E2BIG;
+
+                        b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+                        b->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
+                        strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, path, sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
+                        b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + l;
+                }
+
+        } else if (startswith(a, "tcp:")) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *host = NULL, *port = NULL, *family = NULL;
+                struct addrinfo hints, *result;
+
+                p = a + 4;
+                while (*p != 0 && *p != ';') {
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "guid", &guid);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "host", &host);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "port", &port);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = parse_address_key(&p, "family", &family);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        skip_address_key(&p);
+                }
+
+                if (!host || !port)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                zero(hints);
+                hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+                hints.ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG;
+
+                if (family) {
+                        if (streq(family, "ipv4"))
+                                hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
+                        else if (streq(family, "ipv6"))
+                                hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
+                        else
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &result);
+                if (r == EAI_SYSTEM)
+                        return -errno;
+                else if (r != 0)
+                        return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+                memcpy(&b->sockaddr, result->ai_addr, result->ai_addrlen);
+                b->sockaddr_size = result->ai_addrlen;
+
+                freeaddrinfo(result);
+        }
+
+        if (guid) {
+                r = sd_id128_from_string(guid, &b->peer);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        b->address_index = p - b->address;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static void iovec_advance(struct iovec *iov, unsigned *idx, size_t size) {
+
+        while (size > 0) {
+                struct iovec *i = iov + *idx;
+
+                if (i->iov_len > size) {
+                        i->iov_base = (uint8_t*) i->iov_base + size;
+                        i->iov_len -= size;
+                        return;
+                }
+
+                size -= i->iov_len;
+
+                i->iov_base = NULL;
+                i->iov_len = 0;
+
+                (*idx) ++;
+        }
+}
+
+static int bus_write_auth(sd_bus *b) {
+        struct msghdr mh;
+        ssize_t k;
+
+        assert(b);
+        assert(b->state == BUS_AUTHENTICATING);
+
+        if (b->auth_index >= ELEMENTSOF(b->auth_iovec))
+                return 0;
+
+        zero(mh);
+        mh.msg_iov = b->auth_iovec + b->auth_index;
+        mh.msg_iovlen = ELEMENTSOF(b->auth_iovec) - b->auth_index;
+
+        k = sendmsg(b->fd, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return errno == EAGAIN ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        iovec_advance(b->auth_iovec, &b->auth_index, (size_t) k);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bus_auth_verify(sd_bus *b) {
+        char *e, *f;
+        sd_id128_t peer;
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        /* We expect two response lines: "OK", "AGREE_UNIX_FD", and
+         * that's it */
+
+        e = memmem(b->rbuffer, b->rbuffer_size, "\r\n", 2);
+        if (!e)
+                return 0;
+
+        f = memmem(e, b->rbuffer_size - (e - (char*) b->rbuffer), "\r\n", 2);
+        if (!f)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (e - (char*) b->rbuffer != 3 + 32)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        if (memcmp(b->rbuffer, "OK ", 3))
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < 32; i += 2) {
+                int x, y;
+
+                x = unhexchar(((char*) b->rbuffer)[3 + i]);
+                y = unhexchar(((char*) b->rbuffer)[3 + i + 2]);
+
+                if (x < 0 || y < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                peer.bytes[i/2] = ((uint8_t) x << 4 | (uint8_t) y);
+        }
+
+        if (!sd_id128_equal(b->peer, SD_ID128_NULL) &&
+            !sd_id128_equal(b->peer, peer))
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        b->peer = peer;
+
+        b->can_fds =
+                (f - e == sizeof("\r\nAGREE_UNIX_FD") - 1) &&
+                memcmp(e + 2, "AGREE_UNIX_FD", sizeof("AGREE_UNIX_FD") - 1) == 0;
+
+        if (f + 2 > (char*) b->rbuffer + b->rbuffer_size) {
+                b->rbuffer_size -= (f - (char*) b->rbuffer);
+                memmove(b->rbuffer, f + 2, b->rbuffer_size);
+        }
+
+        r = bus_start_running(b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bus_read_auth(sd_bus *b) {
+        struct msghdr mh;
+        struct iovec iov;
+        size_t n;
+        ssize_t k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(b);
+
+        r = bus_auth_verify(b);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = MAX(3 + 32 + 2 + sizeof("AGREE_UNIX_FD") - 1 + 2, b->rbuffer_size * 2);
+
+        zero(iov);
+        iov.iov_base = (uint8_t*) b->rbuffer + b->rbuffer_size;
+        iov.iov_len = n - b->rbuffer_size;
+
+        zero(mh);
+        mh.msg_iov = &iov;
+        mh.msg_iovlen = 1;
+
+        k = recvmsg(b->fd, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return errno == EAGAIN ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        b->rbuffer_size += k;
+
+        r = bus_auth_verify(b);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_start_auth(sd_bus *b) {
+        static const char auth_prefix[] = "\0AUTH_EXTERNAL ";
+        static const char auth_suffix[] = "\r\nNEGOTIATE_UNIX_FD\r\nBEGIN\r\n";
+
+        char text[20 + 1]; /* enough space for a 64bit integer plus NUL */
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(b);
+
+        b->state = BUS_AUTHENTICATING;
+
+        snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "%llu", (unsigned long long) geteuid());
+        char_array_0(text);
+
+        l = strlen(text);
+        b->auth_uid = hexmem(text, l);
+        if (!b->auth_uid)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b->auth_iovec[0].iov_base = (void*) auth_prefix;
+        b->auth_iovec[0].iov_len = sizeof(auth_prefix) -1;
+        b->auth_iovec[1].iov_base = (void*) b->auth_uid;
+        b->auth_iovec[1].iov_len = l * 2;
+        b->auth_iovec[2].iov_base = (void*) auth_suffix;
+        b->auth_iovec[2].iov_len = sizeof(auth_suffix) -1;
+        b->auth_size = sizeof(auth_prefix) - 1 + l * 2 + sizeof(auth_suffix) - 1;
+
+        return bus_write_auth(b);
+}
+
+static int bus_start_connect(sd_bus *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(b);
+        assert(b->fd < 0);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (b->sockaddr.sa.sa_family == AF_UNSPEC) {
+                        r = bus_parse_next_address(b);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return b->last_connect_error ? b->last_connect_error : -ECONNREFUSED;
+                }
+
+                b->fd = socket(b->sockaddr.sa.sa_family, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
+                if (b->fd < 0) {
+                        b->last_connect_error = -errno;
+                        zero(b->sockaddr);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = connect(b->fd, &b->sockaddr.sa, b->sockaddr_size);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EINPROGRESS)
+                                return 0;
+
+                        b->last_connect_error = -errno;
+                        close_nointr_nofail(b->fd);
+                        b->fd = -1;
+                        zero(b->sockaddr);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                return bus_start_auth(b);
+        }
+}
+
+int sd_bus_open_system(sd_bus **ret) {
+        const char *e;
+        sd_bus *b;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!ret)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        e = getenv("DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS");
+        if (e) {
+                r = sd_bus_open_address(e, &b);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                b->send_hello = true;
+                *ret = b;
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        b = bus_new();
+        if (!b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b->send_hello = true;
+
+        b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+        strncpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket", sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path));
+        b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof("/run/dbus/system_bus_socket") - 1;
+
+        r = bus_start_connect(b);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                bus_free(b);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = b;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_open_user(sd_bus **ret) {
+        const char *e;
+        sd_bus *b;
+        size_t l;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!ret)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        e = getenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS");
+        if (e) {
+                r = sd_bus_open_address(e, &b);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                b->send_hello = true;
+                *ret = b;
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        l = strlen(e);
+        if (l + 4 > sizeof(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path))
+                return -E2BIG;
+
+        b = bus_new();
+        if (!b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b->send_hello = true;
+
+        b->sockaddr.un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+        memcpy(mempcpy(b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, e, l), "/bus", 4);
+        b->sockaddr_size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + l + 4;
+
+        r = bus_start_connect(b);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                bus_free(b);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = b;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_open_address(const char *address, sd_bus **ret) {
+        sd_bus *b;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!address)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!ret)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        b = bus_new();
+        if (!b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b->address = strdup(address);
+        if (!b->address) {
+                bus_free(b);
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_start_connect(b);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                bus_free(b);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = b;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_open_fd(int fd, sd_bus **ret) {
+        sd_bus *b;
+        int r;
+
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!ret)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        b = bus_new();
+        if (!b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b->fd = fd;
+        fd_nonblock(b->fd, true);
+        fd_cloexec(b->fd, true);
+
+        r = bus_start_auth(b);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                bus_free(b);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = b;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void sd_bus_close(sd_bus *bus) {
+        if (!bus)
+                return;
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return;
+
+        close_nointr_nofail(bus->fd);
+        bus->fd = -1;
+}
+
+sd_bus *sd_bus_ref(sd_bus *bus) {
+        if (!bus)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(bus->n_ref > 0);
+
+        bus->n_ref++;
+        return bus;
+}
+
+sd_bus *sd_bus_unref(sd_bus *bus) {
+        if (!bus)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(bus->n_ref > 0);
+        bus->n_ref--;
+
+        if (bus->n_ref <= 0)
+                bus_free(bus);
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_is_running(sd_bus *bus) {
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+
+        return bus->state == BUS_RUNNING;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_can_send(sd_bus *bus, char type) {
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD)
+                return bus->can_fds;
+
+        return bus_type_is_valid(type);
+}
+
+static int bus_seal_message(sd_bus *b, sd_bus_message *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->sealed)
+                return 0;
+
+        return message_seal(m, ++b->serial);
+}
+
+static int message_write(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, size_t *idx) {
+        struct msghdr mh;
+        struct iovec *iov;
+        ssize_t k;
+        size_t n;
+        unsigned j;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(idx);
+
+        n = m->n_iovec * sizeof(struct iovec);
+        iov = alloca(n);
+        memcpy(iov, m->iovec, n);
+
+        j = 0;
+        iovec_advance(iov, &j, *idx);
+
+        zero(mh);
+        mh.msg_iov = iov;
+        mh.msg_iovlen = m->n_iovec;
+
+        k = sendmsg(bus->fd, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *idx += (size_t) k;
+        iovec_advance(iov, &j, *idx);
+
+        return j > m->n_iovec;
+}
+
+static int message_read_need(sd_bus *bus, size_t *need) {
+        uint32_t a, b;
+        uint8_t e;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(need);
+
+        if (bus->rbuffer_size <= sizeof(struct bus_header)) {
+                *need = sizeof(struct bus_header);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        a = ((const uint32_t*) bus->rbuffer)[1];
+        b = ((const uint32_t*) bus->rbuffer)[3];
+
+        e = ((const uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer)[0];
+        if (e == SD_BUS_LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
+                a = le32toh(a);
+                b = le32toh(b);
+        } else if (e == SD_BUS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+                a = be32toh(a);
+                b = be32toh(b);
+        } else
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *need = sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(a, 8) + b;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_make(sd_bus *bus, size_t size, sd_bus_message **m) {
+        sd_bus_message *t;
+        void *b = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(bus->rbuffer_size >= size);
+
+        t = new0(sd_bus_message, 1);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (bus->rbuffer_size > size) {
+                b = memdup((const uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + size, bus->rbuffer_size - size);
+                if (!b) {
+                        free(t);
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        }
+
+        t->n_ref = 1;
+
+        t->header = bus->rbuffer;
+        t->free_header = true;
+
+        t->fields = (uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + sizeof(struct bus_header);
+        t->body = (uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + sizeof(struct bus_header) + ALIGN_TO(BUS_MESSAGE_BODY_SIZE(t), 8);
+
+        bus->rbuffer = b;
+        bus->rbuffer_size -= size;
+
+        r = message_parse(t);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                sd_bus_message_unref(t);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *m = t;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int message_read(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m) {
+        struct msghdr mh;
+        struct iovec iov;
+        ssize_t k;
+        size_t need;
+        int r;
+        void *b;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = message_read_need(bus, &need);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (bus->rbuffer_size >= need)
+                return message_make(bus, need, m);
+
+        b = realloc(bus->rbuffer, need);
+        if (!b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        zero(iov);
+        iov.iov_base = (uint8_t*) bus->rbuffer + bus->rbuffer_size;
+        iov.iov_len = need - bus->rbuffer_size;
+
+        zero(mh);
+        mh.msg_iov = &iov;
+        mh.msg_iovlen = 1;
+
+        k = recvmsg(bus->fd, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return errno == EAGAIN ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        bus->rbuffer_size += k;
+
+        r = message_read_need(bus, &need);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (bus->rbuffer_size >= need)
+                return message_make(bus, need, m);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int dispatch_wqueue(sd_bus *bus) {
+        int r, c = 0;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+
+        while (bus->wqueue_size > 0) {
+
+                r = message_write(bus, bus->wqueue[0], &bus->windex);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        sd_bus_close(bus);
+                        return r;
+                } else if (r == 0)
+                        /* Wasn't fully written yet... */
+                        break;
+                else {
+                        /* Fully written. Let's drop the entry from
+                         * the queue.
+                         *
+                         * This isn't particularly optimized, but
+                         * well, this is supposed to be our worst-case
+                         * buffer only, and the socket buffer is
+                         * supposed to be our primary buffer, and if
+                         * it got full, then all bets are off
+                         * anyway. */
+
+                        sd_bus_message_unref(bus->wqueue[0]);
+                        bus->wqueue_size --;
+                        memmove(bus->wqueue, bus->wqueue + 1, sizeof(sd_bus_message*) * bus->wqueue_size);
+                        bus->windex = 0;
+
+                        c++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int dispatch_rqueue(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+
+        if (bus->rqueue_size > 0) {
+                /* Dispatch a queued message */
+
+                *m = bus->rqueue[0];
+                bus->rqueue_size --;
+                memmove(bus->rqueue, bus->rqueue + 1, sizeof(sd_bus_message*) * bus->rqueue_size);
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Try to read a new message */
+        r = message_read(bus, m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                sd_bus_close(bus);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (m->header->version > bus->message_version)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        r = bus_seal_message(bus, m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (bus->wqueue_size <= 0) {
+                size_t idx = 0;
+
+                r = message_write(bus, m, &idx);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        sd_bus_close(bus);
+                        return r;
+                } else if (r == 0)  {
+                        /* Wasn't fully written. So let's remember how
+                         * much was written. Note that the first entry
+                         * of the wqueue array is always allocated so
+                         * that we always can remember how much was
+                         * written. */
+                        bus->wqueue[0] = sd_bus_message_ref(m);
+                        bus->wqueue_size = 1;
+                        bus->windex = idx;
+                }
+        } else {
+                sd_bus_message **q;
+
+                /* Just append it to the queue. */
+
+                if (bus->wqueue_size >= WQUEUE_MAX)
+                        return -ENOBUFS;
+
+                q = realloc(bus->wqueue, sizeof(sd_bus_message*) * (bus->wqueue_size + 1));
+                if (!q)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                bus->wqueue = q;
+                q[bus->wqueue_size ++] = sd_bus_message_ref(m);
+        }
+
+        if (serial)
+                *serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(m);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static usec_t calc_elapse(uint64_t usec) {
+        if (usec == (uint64_t) -1)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (usec == 0)
+                usec = SD_BUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
+
+        return now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + usec;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_send_with_reply(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                sd_message_handler_t callback,
+                void *userdata,
+                uint64_t usec,
+                uint64_t *serial) {
+
+        struct reply_callback *c;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!callback)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = bus_seal_message(bus, m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        c = new(struct reply_callback, 1);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        c->callback = callback;
+        c->userdata = userdata;
+        c->serial = BUS_MESSAGE_SERIAL(m);
+        c->timeout = calc_elapse(usec);
+
+        r = hashmap_put(bus->reply_callbacks, &c->serial, c);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(c);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, serial);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                hashmap_remove(bus->reply_callbacks, &c->serial);
+                free(c);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_send_with_reply_cancel(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t serial) {
+        struct reply_callbacks *c;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (serial == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        c = hashmap_remove(bus->reply_callbacks, &serial);
+        if (!c)
+                return 0;
+
+        free(c);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                uint64_t usec,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                sd_bus_message **reply) {
+
+        int r;
+        usec_t timeout;
+        uint64_t serial;
+        bool room = false;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+        if (!m)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!m->header->type != SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (sd_bus_error_is_set(error))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, &serial);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        timeout = calc_elapse(usec);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                usec_t left;
+                sd_bus_message *incoming;
+
+                if (!room) {
+                        sd_bus_message **q;
+
+                        /* Make sure there's room for queuing this
+                         * locally, before we read the message */
+
+                        q = realloc(bus->rqueue, (bus->rqueue_size + 1) * sizeof(sd_bus_message*));
+                        if (!q)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        bus->rqueue = q;
+                        room = true;
+                }
+
+                r = message_read(bus, &incoming);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        if (incoming->reply_serial == serial) {
+                                /* Found a match! */
+
+                                if (incoming->header->type == SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN) {
+                                        *reply = incoming;
+                                        return 0;
+                                }
+
+                                if (incoming->header->type == SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_ERROR) {
+                                        int k;
+
+                                        r = sd_bus_error_copy(error, &incoming->error);
+                                        if (r < 0) {
+                                                sd_bus_message_unref(incoming);
+                                                return r;
+                                        }
+
+                                        k = bus_error_to_errno(&incoming->error);
+                                        sd_bus_message_unref(incoming);
+                                        return k;
+                                }
+
+                                sd_bus_message_unref(incoming);
+                                return -EIO;
+                        }
+
+                        /* There's already guaranteed to be room for
+                         * this, so need to resize things here */
+                        bus->rqueue[bus->rqueue_size ++] = incoming;
+                        room = false;
+
+                        /* Try to read more, right-away */
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (timeout > 0) {
+                        usec_t n;
+
+                        n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                        if (n >= timeout)
+                                return -ETIMEDOUT;
+
+                        left = timeout - n;
+                } else
+                        left = (uint64_t) -1;
+
+                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, left);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = dispatch_wqueue(bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+int sd_bus_get_fd(sd_bus *bus) {
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return bus->fd;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_get_events(sd_bus *bus) {
+        int flags = 0;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (bus->state == BUS_OPENING)
+                flags |= POLLOUT;
+        else if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO) {
+                if (bus->rqueue_size <= 0)
+                        flags |= POLLIN;
+                if (bus->wqueue_size > 0)
+                        flags |= POLLOUT;
+        }
+
+        return flags;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **ret) {
+        sd_bus_message *m;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+
+        if (bus->state == BUS_OPENING) {
+                struct pollfd p;
+
+                zero(p);
+                p.fd = bus->fd;
+                p.events = POLLOUT;
+
+                r = poll(&p, 1, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (p.revents & (POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP)) {
+                        int error;
+                        socklen_t slen = sizeof(error);
+
+                        r = getsockopt(bus->fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &slen);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (error != 0)
+                                bus->last_connect_error = -error;
+                        else if (p.revents & (POLLERR|POLLHUP))
+                                bus->last_connect_error = -ECONNREFUSED;
+                        else
+                                return bus_start_auth(bus);
+
+                        /* Try next address */
+                        return bus_start_connect(bus);
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+
+        } else if (bus->state == BUS_AUTHENTICATING) {
+
+                r = bus_write_auth(bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = bus_read_auth(bus);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return bus_start_running(bus);
+
+        } else if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING || bus->state == BUS_HELLO) {
+                struct filter_callback *l;
+
+                r = dispatch_wqueue(bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = dispatch_rqueue(bus, &m);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (m->header->type == SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL || m->header->type == SD_BUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN) {
+                        struct reply_callback *c;
+
+                        c = hashmap_remove(bus->reply_callbacks, &m->reply_serial);
+                        if (c) {
+                                r = c->callback(bus, m, c->userdata);
+                                free(c);
+
+                                if (r != 0) {
+                                        sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+                                        return r < 0 ? r : 0;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                LIST_FOREACH(callbacks, l, bus->filter_callbacks) {
+                        r = l->callback(bus, m, l->userdata);
+                        if (r != 0) {
+                                sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+                                return r < 0 ? r : 0;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (ret) {
+                        *ret = m;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+                sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_wait(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t timeout_usec) {
+        struct pollfd p;
+        int r, e;
+        struct timespec ts;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ECONNREFUSED;
+
+        e = sd_bus_get_events(bus);
+        if (e < 0)
+                return e;
+
+        zero(p);
+        p.fd = bus->fd;
+        p.events = e;
+
+        r = ppoll(&p, 1, timeout_usec == (uint64_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, timeout_usec), NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (bus->fd < 0)
+                return -ENOTCONN;
+
+        if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING && bus->wqueue_size <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                r = dispatch_wqueue(bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (bus->state == BUS_RUNNING && bus->wqueue_size <= 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+int sd_bus_add_filter(sd_bus *bus, sd_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata) {
+        struct filter_callback *f;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!callback)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        f = new(struct filter_callback, 1);
+        if (!f)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        f->callback = callback;
+        f->userdata = userdata;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(struct filter_callback, callbacks, bus->filter_callbacks, f);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_bus_remove_filter(sd_bus *bus, sd_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata) {
+        struct filter_callback *f;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!callback)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(callbacks, f, bus->filter_callbacks) {
+                if (f->callback == callback && f->userdata == userdata) {
+                        LIST_REMOVE(struct filter_callback, callbacks, bus->filter_callbacks, f);
+                        free(f);
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d53d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/sd-bus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#ifndef foosdbushfoo
+#define foosdbushfoo
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus-protocol.h"
+
+typedef struct sd_bus sd_bus;
+typedef struct sd_bus_message sd_bus_message;
+
+typedef struct {
+        const char *name;
+        const char *message;
+        int need_free;
+} sd_bus_error;
+
+typedef int (*sd_message_handler_t)(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata);
+
+/* Connections */
+
+int sd_bus_open_system(sd_bus **ret);
+int sd_bus_open_user(sd_bus **ret);
+int sd_bus_open_address(const char *address, sd_bus **ret);
+int sd_bus_open_fd(int fd, sd_bus **ret);
+void sd_bus_close(sd_bus *bus);
+
+sd_bus *sd_bus_ref(sd_bus *bus);
+sd_bus *sd_bus_unref(sd_bus *bus);
+
+int sd_bus_is_running(sd_bus *bus);
+int sd_bus_can_send(sd_bus *bus, char type);
+
+int sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial);
+int sd_bus_send_with_reply(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, sd_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata, uint64_t usec, uint64_t *serial);
+int sd_bus_send_with_reply_cancel(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t serial);
+int sd_bus_send_with_reply_and_block(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t usec, sd_bus_error *error, sd_bus_message **r);
+
+int sd_bus_get_fd(sd_bus *bus);
+int sd_bus_get_events(sd_bus *bus);
+int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **r);
+int sd_bus_wait(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t timeout_usec);
+int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus);
+
+int sd_bus_add_filter(sd_bus *bus, sd_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata);
+int sd_bus_remove_filter(sd_bus *bus, sd_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata);
+
+/* Message object */
+
+int sd_bus_message_new_signal(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member, sd_bus_message **m);
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_call(sd_bus *bus, const char *destination, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member, sd_bus_message **m);
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_return(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *call, sd_bus_message **m);
+int sd_bus_message_new_method_error(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *call, const sd_bus_error *e, sd_bus_message **m);
+
+sd_bus_message* sd_bus_message_ref(sd_bus_message *m);
+sd_bus_message* sd_bus_message_unref(sd_bus_message *m);
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_type(sd_bus_message *m, uint8_t *type);
+int sd_bus_message_get_serial(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial);
+int sd_bus_message_get_reply_serial(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *serial);
+int sd_bus_message_get_no_reply(sd_bus_message *m);
+
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_path(sd_bus_message *m);
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_interface(sd_bus_message *m);
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_member(sd_bus_message *m);
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_destination(sd_bus_message *m);
+const char *sd_bus_message_get_sender(sd_bus_message *m);
+const sd_bus_error *sd_bus_message_get_error(sd_bus_message *m);
+
+int sd_bus_message_get_uid(sd_bus_message *m, uid_t *uid);
+int sd_bus_message_get_gid(sd_bus_message *m, gid_t *gid);
+int sd_bus_message_get_pid(sd_bus_message *m, pid_t *pid);
+int sd_bus_message_get_tid(sd_bus_message *m, pid_t *tid);
+
+int sd_bus_message_is_signal(sd_bus_message *m, const char *interface, const char *member);
+int sd_bus_message_is_method_call(sd_bus_message *m, const char *interface, const char *member);
+int sd_bus_message_is_method_error(sd_bus_message *m, const char *name);
+
+int sd_bus_message_set_no_reply(sd_bus_message *m, int b);
+int sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination);
+
+int sd_bus_message_append(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...);
+int sd_bus_message_append_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const void *p);
+int sd_bus_message_open_container(sd_bus_message *m, char type, const char *contents);
+int sd_bus_message_close_container(sd_bus_message *m);
+
+int sd_bus_message_read_type(sd_bus_message *m, char *type, char *element, size_t *length);
+int sd_bus_message_read_basic(sd_bus_message *m, char type, char element, const void **p, size_t *length);
+int sd_bus_message_read(sd_bus_message *m, const char *types, ...);
+
+/* Bus management */
+
+const char *sd_bus_get_unique_name(sd_bus *bus);
+int sd_bus_request_name(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, int flags);
+int sd_bus_release_name(sd_bus *bus, const char *name);
+int sd_bus_list_names(sd_bus *bus, char ***l);
+int sd_bus_get_owner(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char **owner);
+int sd_bus_get_owner_uid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, uid_t *uid);
+int sd_bus_get_owner_pid(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, pid_t *pid);
+int sd_bus_add_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match);
+int sd_bus_remove_match(sd_bus *bus, const char *match);
+
+/* Error objects */
+
+#define SD_BUS_ERROR_INIT (NULL, NULL, false)
+
+void sd_bus_error_free(sd_bus_error *e);
+int sd_bus_error_set(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *format, ...);
+void sd_bus_error_set_const(sd_bus_error *e, const char *name, const char *message);
+int sd_bus_error_copy(sd_bus_error *dest, const sd_bus_error *e);
+int sd_bus_error_is_set(const sd_bus_error *e);
+int sd_bus_error_has_name(const sd_bus_error *e, const char *name);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08364ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-marshal.c
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <byteswap.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GLIB
+#include <gio/gio.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <dbus.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        int r;
+        const char *x, *y, *z, *a, *b, *c;
+        uint8_t u, v;
+        void *buffer = NULL;
+        size_t sz;
+        char *h;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(NULL, "foobar.waldo", "/", "foobar.waldo", "Piep", &m);
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", "a string");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "as", 2, "string #1", "string #2");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sass", "foobar", 5, "foo", "bar", "waldo", "piep", "pap", "after");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "a{yv}", 2, 3, "s", "foo", 5, "s", "waldo");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ba(ss)", 255, 3, "aaa", "1", "bbb", "2", "ccc", "3");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', "foobar");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', "waldo");
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        r = message_seal(m, 4711);
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        message_dump(m);
+
+        r = bus_message_get_blob(m, &buffer, &sz);
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        h = hexmem(buffer, sz);
+        assert_se(h);
+
+        log_info("message size = %lu, contents =\n%s", (unsigned long) sz, h);
+        free(h);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GLIB
+        {
+                GDBusMessage *g;
+                char *p;
+
+                g_type_init();
+
+                g = g_dbus_message_new_from_blob(buffer, sz, 0, NULL);
+                p = g_dbus_message_print(g, 0);
+                log_info("%s", p);
+                g_free(p);
+                g_object_unref(g);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        {
+                DBusMessage *w;
+                DBusError error;
+
+                dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+                w = dbus_message_demarshal(buffer, sz, &error);
+                if (!w) {
+                        log_error("%s", error.message);
+                } else
+                        dbus_message_unref(w);
+        }
+
+        free(buffer);
+
+        /* r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "sas", &x, 5, &y, &z, &a, &b, &c); */
+        /* assert_se(r >= 0); */
+
+        /* r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "a{yv}", 2, */
+        /*                        &u, "s", &x, */
+        /*                        &v, "s", &y); */
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-signature.c b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-signature.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4310d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libsystemd-bus/test-bus-signature.c
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+#include "bus-signature.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("y"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("u"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("v"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("as"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("(ss)"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("()"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("(()()()()())"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("(((())))"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("((((s))))"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("{ss}"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_single("a{ss}"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("uu"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single(""));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("("));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single(")"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("())"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("((())"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("{)"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("{}"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("{sss}"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("{s}"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("{ass}"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_single("a}"));
+
+        assert_se(signature_is_pair("yy"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_pair("ss"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_pair("sas"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_pair("sv"));
+        assert_se(signature_is_pair("sa(vs)"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_pair(""));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_pair("va"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_pair("sss"));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_pair("{s}ss"));
+
+        assert_se(signature_is_valid("ssa{ss}sssub", true));
+        assert_se(signature_is_valid("ssa{ss}sssub", false));
+        assert_se(signature_is_valid("{ss}", true));
+        assert_se(!signature_is_valid("{ss}", false));
+        assert_se(signature_is_valid("", true));
+        assert_se(signature_is_valid("", false));
+
+        assert_se(signature_is_valid("sssusa(uuubbba(uu)uuuu)a{u(uuuvas)}", false));
+
+        return 0;
+}

commit 76f0199f2ce007c50b5a38f7ff6c51167c3a05a0
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Tue Mar 19 20:01:35 2013 +0100

    stdio-bridge: modernization

diff --git a/src/stdio-bridge/stdio-bridge.c b/src/stdio-bridge/stdio-bridge.c
index adc692f..ea82c8f 100644
--- a/src/stdio-bridge/stdio-bridge.c
+++ b/src/stdio-bridge/stdio-bridge.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static void format_uid(char *buf, size_t l) {
         assert(l > 0);
 
         snprintf(text, sizeof(text)-1, "%llu", (unsigned long long) geteuid());
-        text[sizeof(text)-1] = 0;
+        char_array_0(text);
 
         memset(buf, 0, l);
 

commit 66e35261ef51119189486e9a31e7b97e8e18e255
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Tue Mar 19 20:01:18 2013 +0100

    util: add hexmem() and strextend() calls

diff --git a/src/shared/util.c b/src/shared/util.c
index bdef9f0..f94abbc 100644
--- a/src/shared/util.c
+++ b/src/shared/util.c
@@ -1029,7 +1029,6 @@ int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-
 char hexchar(int x) {
         static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
 
@@ -1050,6 +1049,23 @@ int unhexchar(char c) {
         return -1;
 }
 
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        char *r, *z;
+        const uint8_t *x;
+
+        z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
+                *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
+                *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
 char octchar(int x) {
         return '0' + (x & 7);
 }
@@ -5729,3 +5745,55 @@ fail2:
         rmdir(template);
         return r;
 }
+
+char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        size_t f, l;
+        char *r, *p;
+
+        assert(x);
+
+        l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
+
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *t;
+                size_t n;
+
+                t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+                if (!t)
+                        break;
+
+                n = strlen(t);
+                if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                l += n;
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        r = realloc(*x, l+1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        p = r + f;
+
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *t;
+
+                t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+                if (!t)
+                        break;
+
+                p = stpcpy(p, t);
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        *p = 0;
+        *x = r;
+
+        return r + l;
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/util.h b/src/shared/util.h
index 7c032b6..25c0084 100644
--- a/src/shared/util.h
+++ b/src/shared/util.h
@@ -605,3 +605,6 @@ static inline void *mempset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
         memset(s, c, n);
         return (char*)s + n;
 }
+
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
+char *strextend(char **x, ...);

commit a9c55a882f021318fa728af78f398f4fb7ad7c85
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Tue Mar 19 20:00:55 2013 +0100

    macro: add CHAR_TO_STR macro to make a one character string from a char

diff --git a/src/shared/macro.h b/src/shared/macro.h
index e5c33ce..80cb2f0 100644
--- a/src/shared/macro.h
+++ b/src/shared/macro.h
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ static inline size_t ALIGN_TO(size_t l, size_t ali) {
 #define memzero(x,l) (memset((x), 0, (l)))
 #define zero(x) (memzero(&(x), sizeof(x)))
 
+#define CHAR_TO_STR(x) ((char[2]) { x, 0 })
+
 #define char_array_0(x) x[sizeof(x)-1] = 0;
 
 #define IOVEC_SET_STRING(i, s)                  \

commit 907809fc6a9867869b8a237663af2eda335d333e
Author: Lennart Poettering <lennart at poettering.net>
Date:   Tue Mar 19 20:00:29 2013 +0100

    macro: don't redefine CLAMP if it is already defined by glib or some other library

diff --git a/src/journal/journal-gatewayd.c b/src/journal/journal-gatewayd.c
index 7e29c90..8161b7e 100644
--- a/src/journal/journal-gatewayd.c
+++ b/src/journal/journal-gatewayd.c
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ static int open_journal(RequestMeta *m) {
         return sd_journal_open(&m->journal, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY|SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM_ONLY);
 }
 
-
 static int respond_oom_internal(struct MHD_Connection *connection) {
         struct MHD_Response *response;
         const char m[] = "Out of memory.\n";
diff --git a/src/shared/macro.h b/src/shared/macro.h
index 90a663b..e5c33ce 100644
--- a/src/shared/macro.h
+++ b/src/shared/macro.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ static inline size_t ALIGN_TO(size_t l, size_t ali) {
 #define MIN3(a,b,c)                             \
         MIN(MIN(a,b),c)
 
+#ifndef CLAMP
 #define CLAMP(x, low, high)                                             \
         __extension__ ({                                                \
                         typeof(x) _x = (x);                             \
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ static inline size_t ALIGN_TO(size_t l, size_t ali) {
                         typeof(high) _high = (high);                    \
                         ((_x > _high) ? _high : ((_x < _low) ? _low : _x)); \
                 })
+#endif
 
 #define assert_se(expr)                                                 \
         do {                                                            \



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