[systemd-devel] systemd prerelease 257-rc2
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Fri Nov 15 19:25:31 UTC 2024
A new systemd ☠️ pre-release ☠️ has just been tagged. Please download the tarball here:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v257-rc2.tar.gz
NOTE: This is ☠️ pre-release ☠️ software. Do not run this on production
systems, but please test this and report any issues you find to GitHub:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/new?template=Bug_report.md
Changes since the previous release:
Incompatible changes:
* The --purge switch of systemd-tmpfiles (which was added in v256) has
been reworked: it will now only apply to tmpfiles.d/ lines marked
with the new "$" flag. This is an incompatible change, and means any
tmpfiles.d/ files which shall be used together with --purge need to
be updated accordingly. This change has been made to make it harder
to accidentally delete too many files when using --purge incorrectly.
* The systemd-creds 'cat' verb now expects base64-encoded encrypted
credentials as input, for consistency with the 'decrypt' verb and the
LoadCredentialEncrypted= service setting. Previously it could only
read raw, unencoded binary data.
* Support for automatic flushing of the nscd user/group database caches
has been dropped.
* The FileDescriptorName= setting for socket units is now honored by
Accept=yes sockets too, where it was previously silently ignored and
"connection" was used unconditionally.
* systemd-logind now always obeys block inhibitor locks, where previously
it ignored locks taken by the caller or when the caller was root. A
privileged caller can always close the other sessions, remove the
inhibitor locks, or use --force or --check-inhibitors=no to ignore the
inhibitors. This change thus doesn't affect security, since everything
that was possible before at a given privilege level is still possible,
but it should make the inhibitor logic easier to use and understand,
and also help avoiding accidental reboots and shutdowns. New 'block-weak'
inhibitor modes were added, if taken they will make the inhibitor lock
work as in the previous versions. Inhibitor locks can also be taken by
remote users (subject to polkit policy).
* systemd-nspawn will now mount the unified cgroup hierarchy into a
container if no systemd installation is found in a container's root
filesystem. $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY=0 can be used to override
this behavior.
* /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-* block device symlinks without an NVMe
namespace identifier are now fixed to namespace 1 of the device. If
no namespace 1 exists for a device no such symlink is
created. Previously, these symlinks would point to an unspecified
namespace, and thus not be strictly stable references to
multi-namespace NVMe devices. These un-namespaced symlinks are mostly
obsolete, users and applications should always use the ones with
encoded namespace information instead. This change should not affect
too many systems, because most NVMe devices only know a namespace 1
by default.
* Support for cgroup v1 ('legacy' and 'hybrid' hierarchies) is now
considered obsolete and systemd by default will ignore configuration
that enables them. To forcibly reenable cgroup v1 support,
SYSTEMD_CGROUP_ENABLE_LEGACY_FORCE=1 must additionally be set on the
kernel command line.
Announcements of Future Feature Removals:
* The D-Bus method org.freedesktop.systemd1.StartAuxiliaryScope() is
deprecated because accounting data and such cannot be reasonably
migrated between cgroups. It is likely to be fully removed in a
future release (reach out if you have use cases).
* The recommended kernel baseline version has been bumped to v5.4
(released in 2019). Expect limited testing on older kernel versions,
where "old-kernel" taint flag would also be set. Support for them
will be phased out in a future release in 2025, i.e. we expect to bump
the minimum baseline to v5.4 then too.
* The complete removal of support for cgroup v1 ('legacy' and 'hybrid'
hierarchies) is scheduled for v258.
* Support for System V service scripts is deprecated and will be
removed in v258. Please make sure to update your software
*now* to include a native systemd unit file instead of a legacy
System V script to retain compatibility with future systemd releases.
* To work around limitations of X11's keyboard handling systemd's
keyboard mapping hardware database (hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb) so far
mapped the microphone mute and touchpad on/off/toggle keys to the
function keys F20, F21, F22, F23 instead of their correct key codes.
This key code mangling will be removed in the next systemd release.
To maintain compatibility with X11 applications that rely on the old
function key code mappings, this mangling has now been moved to the
relevant X11 keyboard driver modules. In order to ensure these keys
continue to work, update to xf86-input-evdev >= 2.11.0 and
xf86-input-libinput >= 1.5.0 before updating to systemd >= 258.
* Support for the SystemdOptions EFI variable is deprecated.
'bootctl systemd-efi-options' will emit a warning when used. It seems
that this feature is little-used and it is better to use alternative
approaches like credentials and confexts. The plan is to drop support
altogether at a later point, but this might be revisited based on
user feedback.
* systemd-run's switch --expand-environment= which currently is disabled
by default when combined with --scope, will be changed in a future
release to be enabled by default.
libsystemd:
* systemd's JSON API is now available as public interface of
libsystemd, under the name "sd-json". The purpose of the library is
to allow structures to be conveniently created in C code and
serialized to JSON, and for JSON to be conveniently deserialized into
in-memory structures, using callbacks to handle specific
keys. Various data types like integers, floats, booleans, strings,
UUIDs, base64-encoded and hex-encoded binary data, and arrays are
supported natively. The library has been part of systemd for a while
as internal component, and is now made publicly available. One major
user of sd-json is sd-varlink (see below). Note that the
documentation of sd-json is very much incomplete for now, but the
systemd codebase provides plenty real-life code examples.
* systemd's Varlink IPC API is now available as part of libsystemd,
under the name "sd-varlink". This library is a C implementation of
the Varlink IPC system (https://varlink.org/) that has been adopted
by systemd for various interfaces. It relies on the sd-json JSON
component, see above. Note that the documentation of sd-varlink is
very much incomplete for now, but the systemd codebase provides
plenty real-life code examples.
* sd-bus gained a new call sd_bus_pending_method_calls() which returns
the number of currently open asynchronous method calls initiated on
this connection towards peers.
* sd-device gained a new call sd_device_monitor_is_running() that
returns whether the specified monitor object is already running. It
also gained sd_device_monitor_get_fd(),
sd_device_monitor_get_events(), sd_device_monitor_get_timeout() and
sd_device_monitor_receive() to permit sd-device to run on top of a
foreign event loop implementation. It also gained
sd_device_get_driver_subsystem() which returns the subsystem of
driver objects. The new sd_device_get_device_id() call returns a
short string identifying the device record.
System and Service Management:
* The environment variable $REMOTE_ADDR is now set when using
per-connection socket activation for AF_UNIX stream sockets. It
contains the AF_UNIX peer address of the connection. (Previously the
environment variable was only set for IP sockets.)
* Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is now supported as a socket protocol for
.socket units.
* A new /etc/fstab option x-systemd.wants= creates "Wants="
dependencies. (This is similar to the previously available
x-systemd.requires=.)
* The initialization of the system clock during boot and updates has
been simplified: both PID 1 or systemd-timesyncd will pick the latest
minimum time as indicated by the compiled-in epoch,
/usr/lib/clock-epoch, and /var/lib/systemd/timesync/clock. See
systemd(1) for an detailed updated description.
* The kernel's Ctrl-Alt-Delete handling is re-enabled during late
shutdown, so that the user may use it to initiate a reboot if the
system freezes otherwise.
* The new value "identity" for the unit setting PrivateUsers= may be
used to request a user namespace with an identity mapping for the
first 65536 UIDs/GIDs. This is analogous to the systemd-nspawn's
--private-users=identity.
* The new value "disconnected" for the unit setting PrivateTmp= may be
used to specify that a separate tmpfs instance should be used for
/tmp/ and /var/tmp/ for the unit.
* The server manager (and various other tools too) use pidfds in more
places to refer to processes.
* A build option -D link-executor-shared=false can be used to build
the systemd-executor binary (added in a previous release) in a way
where it does not link to shared libsystemd-shared-….so library.
PID1 holds a reference to the executor binary that was on disk when
the manager was started or restarted, but the shared libraries it is
linked to are not loaded until the executor binary needs to be used.
This partial static linking is a workaround for the issue where,
during upgrades, the old libsystemd-shared-….so may have already
been removed and the pinned executor binary will just fail to
execute.
* The systemd.machine_id= kernel command line parameter interpreted by
PID 1 now supports an additional special value: if set to "firmware"
the machine ID is initialized from the SMBIOS/DeviceTree system
UUID. (Previously this was already done automatically in VM
environments, this extends the concept to any system, but only on
explicit request via this option.)
* The ImportCredential= setting in service unit files now permits
renaming of credentials as they are imported.
* The RestartMode= setting gained a new "debug" value. If specified and
the service fails so that it shall be restarted it is invoked in
"debugging mode". Debugging mode means that the $DEBUG_INVOCATION
environment variable will be set to "1" for the new
invocation. Moreover, any setting LogLevelMax= will be temporarily
changed to "debug" for the next invocation. This mode is useful to
automatically repeat invocation of tools in case they fail – but with
additional logging or testing routines enabled.
* A new service setting BindLogSockets= has been added that
controls whether the AF_UNIX sockets required for logging shall be
bind mounted to the mount sandbox allocated for the service.
* At early boot, PID 1 will now optionally load a policy for the new
Linux IPE LSM.
* Transient services (as invoked by the StartTransientUnit() D-Bus
method) may now receive additional, arbitrary file descriptors to
pass to executed service processes during activation using the new
ExtraFileDescriptor= unit property.
* Calendar .timer units gained a new boolean DeferReactivation=
option. If enabled and the repetitive calendar timer elapses again
while the service the timer activates is still running, immediate
reactivation of the service once it finishes is skipped, and the
timer has to elapse again before the service is reactivated.
* Generator processes invoked by the service manager will now receive a
new environment variable $SYSTEMD_SOFT_REBOOTS_COUNT that indicates
how many times the system has been soft-rebooted since the kernel
initialized.
* A new service property ManagedOOMMemoryPressureDurationSec= has been
added that complements the existing
ManagedOOMMemoryPressureDurationLimit= and specifies the PSI
measurement interval for the specific unit.
* The sd_notify() protocol has been extended to allow changing the main
PID of a process by providing a pidfd of the new main process, or by
specifying the pidfd inode number. Previously this was only supported
by specifying the classic UNIX PID, which of course is racy.
* The SocketUser=/SocketGroup= settings of .socket units are now also
applied to POSIX message queues.
* The ProtectControlGroups= unit file setting now supports two
additional values: if set to "private" a new cgroup namespace is
allocated for the service and cgroupfs mounted accordingly; if set to
"strict" a new cgroup namespace is allocated for the service, and
cgroupfs is mounted read-only for the service.
* The StateDirectory=, RuntimeDirectory=, CacheDirectory=,
LogsDirectory=, and ConfigurationDirectory= settings gained support
for configuring the respective directories as read-only, via a ':ro'
flag that can be appended to each setting's value.
* When DynamicUser= is combined with
StateDirectory=/RuntimeDirectory=/CacheDirectory=/LogsDirectory= and
ID mapped mounts are available on the referenced path, the data in
there is now preferably made available by establishing ID mapped from
the "nobody" user to the dynamic user, rather than via recursive
chown()ing.
* A new service property PrivatePIDs= has been added that runs executed
processes as PID 1 - the init process - within their own PID
namespace. PrivatePIDs= also mounts /proc/ so only processes within
the new PID namespace are visible.
systemd-udevd:
* udev rules now set 'uaccess' for /dev/udmabuf, giving locally
logged-in users access to the hardware. This is useful in order to
support IPMI cameras with libcamera.
* Serial port devices will no longer show up as systemd units, unless
they have an IO port or memory assigned to them. This means that only
serial ports that actually exist should show up as .device units now.
* mtd devices (i.e. certain kinds of flash memory devices) will now
show up as .device units in systemd.
* The firmware_node/sun sysfs attribute will now be used (if available)
for naming slot-based network interfaces, i.e. ID_NET_NAME_SLOT.
Moreover the interface aliases specified in DeviceTree are now
searched for both on the interface's parent device (as before) and
the device itself (new).
* Various USB hardware wallets are now recognized by udev via a .hwdb
file, and get the ID_HARDWARE_WALLET= property set, which enables
"uaccess" for them, i.e. direct unprivileged access.
* udevadm info will now output the device ID string in lines prefixed
with "J:", and the driver subsystem in lines prefixed with "B:".
* udev rules files now support case-insensitive attribute matching
(e.g. ATTR{foo}==i"abcd")
systemd-logind:
* New DesignatedMaintenanceTime= configuration option allows shutdowns
to be automatically scheduled at the specified time.
* logind now reacts to Ctrl-Alt-Shift-Esc being pressed. It will send
out a org.freedesktop.login1.SecureAttentionKey signal, indicating a
request by the user for the system to display a secure login dialog.
The handling of SAK can be suppressed in logind configuration.
* logind now supports handing off session-managed access to hidraw
devices via its D-Bus APIs, the same way it already supports that for
DRM and evdev input devices. This permits unprivileged clients to get
hidraw fds for a device, that are automatically suspended when the
session switches away.
* systemd-logind now exposes two D-Bus properties CanLock and CanIdle
for all sessions. These properties indicate whether the session's
class supports screen locking and idleness detection.
* systemd-inhibit now allows interactive polkit authorization. It
gained a --no-ask-password option to suppress it.
systemd-machined:
* Unprivileged clients are now allowed to register VMs and containers.
Machines started via the systemd-vmspawn at .service unit will now be
registered with systemd-machined.
* systemd-machined gained a pretty complete set of Varlink APIs
exposing its functionality. This is an alternative to the
pre-existing D-Bus interface.
systemd-resolved:
* The resolvconf command now supports '-p' switch. If specified, the
interface will not be used as the default route for domain name
lookups.
* resolvectl now enables interactive polkit authorization. It gained a
--no-ask-password option to suppress it.
systemd-networkd and networkctl:
* IPv6 address labels can be configured in a new [IPv6AddressLabel]
section with Prefix= and Label= settings.
* 'networkctl edit' can now read the new file contents from standard
input with the new --stdin option.
* 'networkctl edit' and 'cat' now support editing/showing .netdev files
by link. 'networkctl cat' can also list all configuration files
associated with an interface at once with ':all'.
* networkctl gained a --no-ask-password option to suppress interactive
polkit authorization.
* "mac" has been added to the default AlternativeNamesPolicy= setting
for network links (via 99-default.link). This means "enx*" interface
names will now be added to the list of alternative interface names by
default, for all interfaces that have a MAC address assigned
by hardware.
* networkd .netdev bridge devices gained a new setting FDBMaxLearned=
for setting a limit on the number of dynamically learned FDB entries.
* networkd .network files for bridge devices now support Layer 2 (in
addition to the pre-existing Layer 3) MDB entries, via
MulticastGroupAddress=.
* systemd-networkd will now log when per-network sysctls belonging to
network interfaces managed by it are changed outside of networkd,
thus highlighting conflict of ownership/management of these knobs.
* systemd-networkd will now make RFC9463 DNR fields available to
systemd-resolved, for automatic DNS DoT configuration, and similar.
systemd-boot, systemd-stub, and related tools:
* The EFI stub now supports loading of .ucode sections with microcode
from PE add-on files. It also now supports loading .initrd sections
from PE add-on files.
* A new .profile PE section type is now documented and supported in
systemd-measure, ukify, systemd-stub and systemd-boot. These new
sections allow multiple "profiles" to be stored together in the UKI,
where each .profile section creates groupings of sections in the UKI,
allowing some sections to be shared and other sections like .cmdline
or .initrd unique to the profile. This may be used to provide a
single UKI that synthesizes multiple menu items in the boot menu (for
example, a regular one to boot, plus a debugging one, or a factory
reset one, and so on – which only differ in kernel command line, but
nothing else).
* New .dtbauto and .hwids sections are now documented and supported in
systemd-measure, ukify, systemd-stub, and systemd-boot. A single UKI
can contain multiple .dtbauto sections, and the 'compatible' string
therein will be compared with the equivalent field in the DTB
provided by the firmware, if present. If absent, SMBIOS will be used
to calculate hardware IDs (CHIDs) and look them up in the content of
.hwids, hopefully revealing an fallback 'compatible' string. This
allows including multiple DTBs in a single UKI, with systemd-stub
automatically loading the correct one for the current hardware.
* ukify gained an --extend switch to import an existing UKI to
be extended, and a --measure-base= switch to support measurement
of multi-profile UKIs.
* ukify gained a --certificate-provider switch to use an OpenSSL
provider to load the certificate used to sign artifacts, instead of
having to provide the path to a file on disk.
* bootctl, systemd-keyutil, systemd-measure, systemd-repart, and
systemd-sbsign gained a new --certificate-source switch that allows
loading the X.509 certificate from an OpenSSL provider instead of a
file system path.
* systemd-boot's menu will now react to volume up/down rocker presses
the same way as to arrow up/down presses: they move the menu item up
or down. This is useful on device form factors that have only a
volume rocker but no arrow keys (e.g. phones).
* systemd-stub will report the partition UUID and image identifier its
UKI executable is placed on separately from the data systemd-boot
provides about where to find its own executable, via EFI
variables. This is useful when systemd-boot and UKIs are placed on
distinct partitions (i.e. ESP and XBOOTLDR).
* bootctl gained new switches --print-loader-path and --print-stub-path
that output the path to the boot loader or UKI used for the current
boot.
* bootctl kernel-identify now recognizes EFI add-ons.
* bootctl gained a --random-seed=yes|no option to control provisioning
of the random seed file in the ESP. (This is useful when producing an
image that will be used in multiple instances.)
* bootctl now optionally supports installing UEFI Secure Boot databases
(i.e. db/dbx/… databases in ESL format) for systemd-boot to pick up
and automatically enroll if the system is booted in Setup Mode. This
is controlled via bootctl's new --secure-boot-auto-enroll=yes switch
(and some auxiliary ones). A certificate can be provided in DER
format, and is automatically converted into an ESL, as needed.
* bootctl, systemd-measure, systemd-repart when referencing signing
keys on OpenSSL engines may now query for PINs and similar via
systemd's native systemd-ask-password logic (and take benefit of its
caching and UI).
* A new systemd-sbsign tool has been added, that can be used to sign
EFI binaries (PE) for Secure Boot. This tool supports OpenSSL engines
and providers, with pin caching support for PKCS11. ukify supports it
as an alternative to sbsigntool and pesign.
* A new systemd-keyutil tool has been added, that can be used to perform
various operations on private keys and X.509 certificates.
The journal:
* journalctl can now list invocations of a unit with the
--list-invocation options and show logs for a specific invocation
with the new --invocation/-I option. (This is analogous to the
--list-boots/--boot/-b options.)
systemd-sysupdate and related tools:
* systemd-sysupdated has been added as system service, allowing
unprivileged clients to update the system via D-Bus calls. Note that
for now the systemd-sysupdated API is considered experimental, and is
not considered stable yet.
A new updatectl command-line tool can be used to control the
service.
* systemd-sysupdate gained a new --offline option to force it to
operate locally. This is useful when listing locally installed
versions.
* systemd-sysupdate gained a new --transfer-source= option to set the
directory to which transfer sources configured with
PathRelativeTo=explicit will be interpreted.
* systemd-sysupdate now reports download progress via sd_notify().
* systemd-sysupdate now supports output in JSON mode for all commands.
* systemd-sysupdate definitions may now carry references to ChangeLog
and AppStream metadata.
* Transfer definitions for systemd-sysupdate are supposed to carry the
".transfer" suffix now, changing from ".conf". The latter remains
supported for compatibility, but it's recommended to rename all files
reflecting this suffix change.
* systemd-sysupdate now supports new ".feature" files that may be
used in conjunction with ".transfer" files to group them together, and
allow them to be turned off or on, individually per group.
TPM & systemd-cryptsetup:
* The 'has-tpm2' verb which reports whether TPM2 functionality is
available has been moved from systemd-creds to systemd-analyze.
* systemd-tpm2-setup will gracefully handle TPMs that have a PIN set on
the TPM, and not attempt to automatically set up a Storage Root Key
(SRK) in that case.
* New crypttab option password-cache=yes|no|read-only can be used to
customize password caching.
* New crypttab options fido2-pin=, fido2-up=, fido2-uv= can be used to
enable/disable the PIN query, User Presence check, and User
Verification.
* systemd-cryptenroll gained new options --fido2-salt-file= and
--fido2-parameters-in-header= to simplify manual enrollment of FIDO2
tokens.
* systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-repart, and systemd-storagetm gained a
new --list-devices option to list appropriate candidate block
devices.
* systemd-cryptenroll/systemd-cryptsetup now support combined signed
PCR policies and local systemd-pcrlock policies for unlocking a
disk. Or in other words, it's now possible to bind unlocking of a
local disk to a specific OS vendor *and* a locally managed set of
measurements describing the local system.
varlinkctl:
* varlinkctl gained a new verb 'list-methods' to show a list of
methods implemented by a service.
* varlinkctl gained a --quiet/-q option to suppress method call
replies.
* varlinkctl gained a --graceful= option to suppress specific Varlink
errors, and treat them as success.
* varlinkctl gained a --timeout= option to limit how long the
invocation can take.
* varlinkctl allows remote invocations over ssh, via the new
"ssh-exec:" address specification. It'll make an ssh connection,
start the specified executable on the remote side, and communicate
with the remote process using the Varlink protocol.
The "ssh:" address specification has been renamed to "ssh-unix:"
(reflecting the fact it is used to connect to a remote AF_UNIX socket
via SSH). The old syntax is still supported for backwards
compatibility.
* varlinkctl's 'introspect' verb no longer requires specification of an
interface name. If none is specified all interfaces exposed by the
service are shown. Moreover, more than one interface name may be
specified now, in which case all specified ones are displayed.
systemd-repart:
* systemd-repart's CopyBlocks= directive can now use a character device
as source (in addition to previously supported regular files and
block devices). This is useful for initializing a partition from
/dev/urandom or similar.
* systemd-repart gained new Compression= and CompressionLevel= settings
to enable internal compression in filesystems created offline.
* systemd-repart understands a new MakeSymlinks= option to create one
or more symlinks (each specified as a symlink name and target) within
a newly formatted file system.
* systemd-repart gained a new SupplementFor= setting that allows
allocating a partition only if some other existing partition cannot
be adjusted to match the constraints defined for it. This is useful
to generate an XBOOTLDR partition if and only if an ESP already
exists that is too small for the required constraints.
* The default size of verity hash partitions is now automatically
derived from SizeMaxBytes= of the data partition it is protecting.
systemd-ssh-proxy:
* systemd-ssh-proxy now also supports the AF_UNIX-based "VSOCK MUX"
protocol used by CloudHypervisor/Firecracker to expose AF_VSOCK
sockets of the VM on the host. Or in other words: it's now possible
to directly connect to ssh via AF_VSOCK from hosts to VMs of these
two hypervisors (previously this was only supported for hypervisors
which expose AF_VSOCK on the host as AF_VSOCK, such as qemu).
* systemd-ssh-proxy can now reference local VMs by their name: connect
to any local VM "foobar" registered with systemd-machined via "ssh
machine/foobar" using the AF_VSOCK protocol.
systemd-analyze:
* systemd-analyze will now show the SMBIOS #11 vendor strings set for
the machine with a new 'smbios11' verb.
* systemd-analyze gained a new --instance= option that can be used to
provide an instance name to analyze multiple templates instantiated
with the same instance name.
* systemd-analyze's "capability" verb now gained a new --mask
parameter. If specified a numeric capbality mask can be specified
which is decoded for its contained capabilities.
* systemd-analyze's "plot" verb gained two new settings: --scale-svg=
allows the X axis of the split to be stritched by a factor. If
--detailed is specified activation timestamps are shown in the plot.
busctl:
* 'busctl monitor' gained new options --limit-messages= and --timeout=
to set the number of matches or limit the runtime of the command.
* busctl now supports doing method calls with embedded unix file
descriptors.
* busctl acquired a new "wait" command to wait for a specific signal to
arrive.
systemd-nspawn:
* systemd-nspawn --bind-user= will now propagate the bound user's SSH
public key (if included in the user record) into the container,
ensuring that any such bound user is directly accessible via ssh.
* systemd-nspawn now supports unprivileged FUSE inside containers.
systemd-importd:
* A new generator sytemd-import-generator has been added to synthesize
image download jobs. This provides functionality similar to
importctl, but is configured via the kernel command line and system
credentials. It may be used to automatically download sysext,
confext, portable service, nspawn container or vmspawn VM images at
boot.
* systemd-importd now provides a Varlink IPC interface, in addition to
its existing D-Bus IPC interface.
* The individual import/export tools will now display a nice progress
bar when downloading files.
systemd-userdb & systemd-homed:
* userdbctl gained a pair of switches --uid-min= and --uid-max= to
filter the UID/GID range of the listed users or groups. It also
gained a new switch --disposition= to filter them by disposition
(i.e. show only system users or only regular users, and so on). It
also gained a new switch --fuzzy that permits a "fuzzy" search for a
user, i.e. doing a substring and string distance search, and looking
into the real name field of the user and other similar fields. It
gained a new switch --boundaries=no for disabling display of the
UID/GID range boundaries in its output.
* User records learnt a new set of fields that may list field names
that may be changed by the user themselves without requiring
administrator authentication. This new field is honoured by
systemd-homed to allow users to change selected properties of their
own user records.
systemd-run & run0:
* run0 gained a new pair of settings --pty and --pipe that control
whether to invoke the specified binary on a freshly allocated pseudo
TTY, or whether to pass the client's STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR through
directly.
* run0 gained a new switch --shell-prompt-prefix= that permits passing
in a string to display on each shell prompt as prefix. If not
specified otherwise this will show a superhero emoji (🦸), in order
to visually communicate the temporarily elevated privileges a run0
session provides. This makes use of the $SHELL_PROMPT_PREFIX
environment variables mentioned below.
* systemd-run can output some of its runtime data in JSON format via
the new --json= option.
systemd-tmpfiles:
* systemd-tmpfiles --purge switch now requires specification of at
least one tmpfiles.d/ drop-in file.
* tmpfiles.d/ files gained a new '?' specifier for the 'L' line type to
create a symlink only if the source exists, and gracefully skip the
line otherwise.
Miscellaneous:
* systemctl now supports the --now option with the 'reenable' verb.
* systemd-mount can now output JSON with a new --json= switch, for use
with --list-devices. It also shows the "diskseq" property in the
block device list.
* systemd-id128 gained a new 'var-partition-uuid' verb to calculate
the DPS UUID for /var/ keyed by the local machine-id.
* localectl gained a -l/--full option to show output without
ellipsization.
* timedatectl now supports interactive polkit authorization.
* The new Linux mseal(), listmount(), statmount() syscalls have been
added to relevant system call groups.
* The systemd-ask-password logic has been extended with a per-user
scope, i.e. user programs may now ask for passwords via the same
mechanism and the previously system-wide only mechanism.
* A new set of system/service credentials are added:
shell.prompt.prefix, shell.prompt.suffix and shell.welcome. At login
time these are propagated into the $SHELL_PROMPT_PREFIX,
$SHELL_PROMPT_SUFFIX, $SHELL_PROMPT_WELCOME environment
variables. These in turn are included in the shell prompt of
interactive shells and shown at login time, via
/etc/profile.d/70-systemd-shell-extra.sh. This functionality is
useful to visually highlight the fact a specific shell prompt
originates from a specific system, execution context or tool. These
credentials and environment variables are supposed to be generically
useful within and outside of the immediate systemd context. It is
also used by 'run0', see above.
* New RELEASE_TYPE=, EXPERIMENT=, EXPERIMENT_URL= fields have been
defined for the /etc/os-release file. For example,
"RELEASE_TYPE=development|stable|lts" can be used to indicate various
stages of the release life cycle, and "RELEASE_TYPE=experimental" can
indicate experimental builds, with the EXPERIMENT= field providing a
human-readable description of the nature of the experiment.
* A new sleep.conf HibernateOnACPower= option has been added, which
when disabled will suppress hibernation in suspend-then-hibernate
mode until the system is disconnected from a power source.
* A bunch of patches to ease building against musl have been merged.
* The various components that display progress bars
(i.e. systemd-repart, systemd-sysupdate/updatectl, importctl), will
now also issue the ANSI sequences for progress reports that Windows
Terminal understands. Most Linux terminals currently do not support
this sequence (and ignore it), but hopefully this will change one
day. The progress information is used to display a nice progress
animation in the terminal tab and icon. For details about the ANSI
sequence and its effects, see:
https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/pull/8055
https://conemu.github.io/en/AnsiEscapeCodes.html#ConEmu_specific_OSC
* systemd-sysusers is now able to create fully locked user
accounts. For compatibility it so far created accounts with a locked
(i.e. invalid) password, but not marked locked as a whole. With the
new "!" modifier for "u" lines, it is now possible to create fully
locked accounts. The distinction between accounts with a locked
password and fully locked accounts is relevant when considering
non-password forms of authentication, i.e. SSH and such. It is
strongly recommended to make use of this new feature for almost all
system accounts, since they usually do not require (and should not
permit) interactive logins. All of systemd's own system users have
been changed to be marked as fully locked.
* systemd-coredump now supports a new EnterNamespace= option, which
defaults to off. If enabled systemd-coredump will access the mount
namespace of any crashed process to acquire debug symbol information,
in order to be able to symbolize backtraces. This option is useful to
improve backtraces of processes of containerized applications. (Note
that the host systemd-coredump preferably dispatches coredump
processing to the container itself, if it supports that. Only full-OS
containers which run systemd inside will support this however, in
other cases EnterNamespace= might be an suitable approach to acquire
symbolized backtraces.)
Contributions from: 12paper, A. Wilcox, Abderrahim Kitouni,
Adrian Vovk, Alain Greppin, Allison Karlitskaya, Alyssa Ross,
Anders Jonsson, Andika Triwidada, Andres Beltran, Anouk Ceyssens,
Anselm Schueler, Anton Golubev, Antonio Alvarez Feijoo,
Arian van Putten, Arnaud Patard, Arthur Shau, Bastien Nocera,
Benjamin ROBIN, Brenton Simpson, Bryan Gurney, ButterflyOfFire,
Carlo Teubner, Celeste Liu, Chen Guanqiao, Chen Qi, Chengen Du,
Christoph Anton Mitterer, Colin Foster, Collin L,
Cristian Rodríguez, Daan De Meyer, Dan Nicholson, Daniel Dawson,
Daniel Martinez, Daniel P. Berrangé, Daniel Rusek,
Darsey Litzenberger, David Joaquín Shourabi Porcel,
David Michael, David Rheinsberg, David Tardon, Davide Cavalca,
Derek J. Clark, Diego Viola, Dimitrys Meliates, Diogo Ivo,
DocNITE, Dominique Martinet, Dr. David Alan Gilbert,
Edson Juliano Drosdeck, Erik Sjölund, Etienne Champetier,
Etienne Cordonnier, Ettore Atalan, Eugeny Shcheglov, Fabian Vogt,
Filip Lewiński, Florian Schmaus, Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal,
Fábio Rodrigues Ribeiro, Gabriel Elyas, Gaël PORTAY,
Giovanni Baratta, Gregor Herburger, Gregory Arenius, GwynBleidD,
Göran Uddeborg, Hans de Goede, Helmut Grohne, Henry Chen,
Ian Abbott, Integral, Ivan Kruglov, Ivan Shapovalov, James Coglan,
James Hilliard, James Muir, Jason Yundt, Jeffrey Bosboom,
Jian Zhang, Johannes Schneider, John A. Leuenhagen,
Jose Ignacio Tornos Martinez, JoseskVolpe, Joshua Grisham,
Jörg Behrmann, Kai-Chuan Hsieh, Kamil Szczęk, Karel Zak,
Kornilios Kourtis, Kuntal Majumder, Lennart Poettering,
Lidong Zhong, Luca Boccassi, Lucas Adriano Salles,
Lucas Werkmeister, Ludwig Nussel, Luke T. Shumaker,
Lukáš Nykrýn, Luna Jernberg, Léane GRASSER, Maanya Goenka,
Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc Reisner, Marcel Hellwig, Marin Kresic,
Marius Hoch, Martin Srebotnjak, Martin Wilck, Mary Strodl,
Matteo Croce, Matthias Lisin, Matthias Schiffer,
Matthieu Baerts (NGI0), Matthieu CHARETTE,
Mauri de Souza Meneguzzo, Maximilian Wilhelm, Merlin Jehli,
Michael Ferrari, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletár,
Michele Dionisio, Michiel, Mickaël Salaün, Mike Gilbert,
Mike Yuan, MkKvcs, Nick Cao, Nick Rosbrook, Nils K, Nova840,
Oğuz Ersen, Pavel Borecki, PavlNekrasov, Peter Hutterer,
Peter Rajnoha, Piotr Drąg, Raphaël Mélotte, Renan Guilherme,
Renjaya Raga Zenta, Ricky Tigg, Riku, Robin Lee, Ronan Pigott,
Ryan Wilson, Sam James, Sascha Mester, Sean Rhodes, Sergey A,
ShreyasMahangade, Simon Pilkington, Skye Chappelle, Steve Traylen,
Stuart Hayhurst, Susant Sahani, Takeo Kondo, Temuri Doghonadze,
Thomas Blume, Thorsten Scherer, Tobias Fleig, Tom Coldrick,
Tom Yan, Tomas Bzatek, Topi Miettinen, Uday Shankar,
Valentin David, Vasiliy Kovalev, Vitaly Kuznetsov, Vito Caputo,
Vladimir Panteleev, Vursc, Will Fancher, WilliButz, Xeonacid,
Yanqing Jing, Yu Watanabe, Yuri Chornoivan, ZHANG Yuntian,
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhou Qiankang, andre4ik3, anonymix007,
bryango, chayleaf, chenjiayi, csp5me, cvlc12, fwfy, hugo303,
jan at neighbourhood.ie, jauge-technica, lumingzh, maia x., marginaldev,
migleeson, nerdopolis, oldherl, pyfisch, q66, rajmohan r, reDBo0n,
rhellstrom, rindeal, samuelvw01, sinus-x, tfg13, vdovhanych, xujing,
Łukasz Stelmach, Štěpán Němec, Дамјан Георгиевски
— Edinburgh, 2024-11-15
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