[PATCH wayland v4] doc: start documenting Xwayland
Olivier Fourdan
fourdan at gmail.com
Mon Dec 18 10:17:22 UTC 2017
Hi Pekka,
Sorry in advance for my (too) late comment... Just one thing I would have
mentioned (see below).
On 18 August 2017 at 15:29, Pekka Paalanen <ppaalanen at gmail.com> wrote:
> From: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen at collabora.co.uk>
>
> This is a rough intro to what Xwayland is and does, with just one
> implementation detail so far (Window identification).
>
> I paid no attention to formatting details, those can be polished in
> follow-ups. I just want the prose out.
>
> I also just quickly whacked up the diagram, would be happy to see
> someone replace it with a nicer one. I just didn't have time to learn
> dot for now.
>
> v2:
> - typo fix
> - rephrase "talking to hardware" as "driving the displays"
> - mention circular dependency in intro
> - add section to explain rootless and rootful modes
> - remove paragraph about Xwayland protocol usage
> - move TBD part to the end under a new section header
>
> v3:
> - use "advantage" and "disadvantage" instead of "pro" and "con"
> - slight rewording on rootful mode and rootless mode paragraphs
> - removed the paragraph about the lack of shell and special Wayland
> protocol extensions
> - removed the commented out list of ideas to write
>
> v4:
> - typo fixes pointed out by Yong
>
> Cc: Olivier Fourdan <ofourdan at redhat.com>
> Cc: Jonas Ådahl <jadahl at gmail.com>
> Cc: Daniel Stone <daniel at fooishbar.org>
> Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen at collabora.co.uk>
> ---
> doc/publican/Makefile.am | 5 +-
> doc/publican/sources/Wayland.xml | 1 +
> doc/publican/sources/Xwayland.xml | 170
> +++++++++++++++++++++
> .../sources/images/xwayland-architecture.png | Bin 0 -> 7611 bytes
> 4 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> create mode 100644 doc/publican/sources/Xwayland.xml
> create mode 100644 doc/publican/sources/images/xwayland-architecture.png
>
> diff --git a/doc/publican/Makefile.am b/doc/publican/Makefile.am
> index 57728a0..e861fe6 100644
> --- a/doc/publican/Makefile.am
> +++ b/doc/publican/Makefile.am
> @@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ publican_sources = \
> $(srcdir)/sources/Preface.xml \
> $(srcdir)/sources/Revision_History.xml \
> $(srcdir)/sources/Protocol.xml \
> + $(srcdir)/sources/Xwayland.xml \
> $(srcdir)/sources/Compositors.xml \
> $(srcdir)/sources/images/icon.svg \
> $(srcdir)/sources/images/wayland.png \
> + $(srcdir)/sources/images/xwayland-architecture.png \
> $(srcdir)/sources/Client.xml \
> $(srcdir)/sources/Server.xml
>
> @@ -43,7 +45,8 @@ css_sources = \
>
> img_sources = \
> $(srcdir)/sources/images/icon.svg \
> - $(srcdir)/sources/images/wayland.png
> + $(srcdir)/sources/images/wayland.png \
> + $(srcdir)/sources/images/xwayland-architecture.png
>
> doxygen_img_sources := \
> $(doxydir)/xml/wayland-architecture.png \
> diff --git a/doc/publican/sources/Wayland.xml b/doc/publican/sources/
> Wayland.xml
> index 2f47f13..0457c15 100644
> --- a/doc/publican/sources/Wayland.xml
> +++ b/doc/publican/sources/Wayland.xml
> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
> <xi:include href="Compositors.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/
> 2001/XInclude" />
> <xi:include href="Architecture.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/
> 2001/XInclude" />
> <xi:include href="Protocol.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/
> 2001/XInclude" />
> + <xi:include href="Xwayland.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/
> 2001/XInclude" />
> <xi:include href="ProtocolSpec.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/
> 2001/XInclude" />
> <xi:include href="Client.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude
> "/>
> <xi:include href="Server.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude
> "/>
> diff --git a/doc/publican/sources/Xwayland.xml b/doc/publican/sources/
> Xwayland.xml
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..a39866f
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/doc/publican/sources/Xwayland.xml
> @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
> +<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
> +<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "
> http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
> +<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Wayland.ent">
> +%BOOK_ENTITIES;
> +]>
> +<chapter id="chap-X11-Application-Support">
> + <title>X11 Application Support</title>
> + <section id="sect-X11-Application-Support-introduction">
> + <title>Introduction</title>
> + <para>
> + Being able to run existing X11 applications is crucial for the
> adoption
> + of Wayland, especially on desktops, as there will always be X11
> + applications that have not been or cannot be converted into Wayland
> + applications, and throwing them all away would be prohibitive.
> + Therefore a Wayland compositor often needs to support running X11
> + applications.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + X11 and Wayland are different enough that there is no "simple" way
> to
> + translate between them. Most of X11 is uninteresting to a Wayland
> + compositor. That, combined with the gigantic implementation effort
> needed
> + to support X11, makes it intractable to just write X11 support
> directly in
> + a Wayland compositor. The implementation would be nothing short of a
> + real X11 server.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + Therefore, Wayland compositors should use Xwayland, the X11 server
> that
> + lives in the Xorg server source code repository and shares most of
> the
> + implementation with the Xorg server. Xwayland is a complete X11
> server,
> + just like Xorg is, but instead of driving the displays and opening
> input
> + devices, it acts as a Wayland client. The rest of this chapter talks
> + about how Xwayland works.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + For integration and architecture reasons, while Xwayland is a
> Wayland
> + client of the Wayland compositor, the Wayland compositor is an X11
> client
> + of Xwayland. This circular dependency requires special care from the
> + Wayland compositor.
> + </para>
> + </section>
> + <section id="sect-X11-Application-Support-two-modes">
> + <title>Two Modes for Foreign Windows</title>
> + <para>
> + In general, windows from a foreign window system can be presented
> in one
> + of two ways: rootless and rootful (not rootless).
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + In rootful mode, the foreign window system as a whole is
> represented as a
> + window (or more) of its own. You have a native window, inside which
> all
> + the foreign windows are. The advantage of this approach in
> Xwayland's
> + case is that you can run your favourite X11 window manager to
> manage your
> + X11 applications. The disadvantage is that the foreign windows do
> not
> + integrate with the native desktop. Therefore this mode is not
> usually
> + used.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + In rootless mode, each foreign window is a first-class resident
> among the
> + native windows. Foreign windows are not confined inside a native
> window
> + but act as if they were native windows. The advantage is that one
> can
> + freely stack and mix native and foreign windows, which is not
> possible in
> + rootful mode. The disadvantage is that this mode is harder to
> implement
> + and fundamental differences in window systems may prevent some
> things
> + from working. With rootless Xwayland, the Wayland compositor must
> take
> + the role as the X11 window manager, and one cannot use any other X11
> + window manager in its place.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + This chapter concentrates on the rootless mode, and ignores the
> rootful
> + mode.
> + </para>
> + </section>
> + <section id="sect-X11-Application-Support-architecture">
> + <title>Architecture</title>
> + <para>
> + A Wayland compositor usually takes care of launching Xwayland.
> + Xwayland works in cooperation with a Wayland compositor as follows:
> + </para>
> + <figure>
> + <title>Xwayland architecture diagram</title>
> + <mediaobjectco>
> + <imageobjectco>
> + <imageobject>
> + <imagedata fileref="images/xwayland-architecture.png"
> format="PNG" />
> + </imageobject>
> + </imageobjectco>
> + </mediaobjectco>
> + </figure>
> + <para>
> + An X11 application connects to Xwayland just like it would connect
> to any
> + X server. Xwayland processes all the X11 requests. On the other end,
> + Xwayland is a Wayland client that connects to the Wayland
> compositor.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + The X11 window manager (XWM) is an integral part of the Wayland
> + compositor. XWM uses the usual X11 window management protocol to
> manage
> + all X11 windows in Xwayland. Most importantly, XWM acts as a bridge
> + between Xwayland window state and the Wayland compositor's window
> manager
> + (WWM). This way WWM can manage all windows, both native Wayland and
> X11
> + (Xwayland) windows. This is very important for a coherent user
> + experience.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + Since Xwayland uses Wayland for input and output, it does not have
> any
> + use for the device drivers that Xorg uses. None of the xf86-video-*
> or
> + xf86-input-* modules are used. There also is no configuration file
> for
> + the Xwayland server. For optional hardware accelerated rendering,
> + Xwayland uses GLAMOR.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + A Wayland compositor usually spawns only one Xwayland instance.
> This is
> + because many X11 applications assume they can communicate with
> other X11
> + applications through the X server, and this requires a shared X
> server
> + instance. This also means that Xwayland does not protect nor
> isolate X11
> + clients from each other, unless the Wayland compositor specifically
> + chooses to break the X11 client intercommunications by spawning
> + application specific Xwayland instances. X11 clients are naturally
> + isolated from Wayland clients.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + Xwayland compatibility compared to a native X server will probably
> never
> + reach 100%. Desktop environment (DE) components, specifically X11
> window
> + managers, are practically never supported. An X11 window manager
> would
> + not know about native Wayland windows, so it could manage only X11
> + windows. On the other hand, there must be an XWM that reserves the
> + exclusive window manager role so that the Wayland compositor could
> show
> + the X11 windows appropriately. For other DE components, like pagers
> and
> + panels, adding the necessary interfaces to support them in WWM
> through XWM
> + is often considered not worthwhile.
> + </para>
> + </section>
> + <section id="sect-X11-Application-Support-xwm">
> + <title>X Window Manager (XWM)</title>
> + <para>
> + From the X11 point of view, the X window manager (XWM) living
> inside a
> + Wayland compositor is just like any other window manager. The
> difference
> + is mostly in which process it resides in, and the few extra
> conventions
> + in the X11 protocol to support Wayland window management (WWM)
> + specifically.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + There are two separate asynchronous communication channels between
> + Xwayland and a Wayland compositor: one uses the Wayland protocol,
> and the
> + other one, solely for XWM, uses X11 protocol. This setting demands
> great
> + care from the XWM implementation to avoid (random) deadlocks with
> + Xwayland. It is often nearly impossible to prove that synchronous or
> + blocking X11 calls from XWM cannot cause a deadlock, and therefore
> it is
> + strongly recommended to make all X11 communications asynchronous.
> All
>
That is not possible using Xlib which waits for a reply (_XReply) for many
things, so maybe it would be worth mentioning that xcb is better suited for
this?
(for example mutter is using Xlib and seems a lot more sensitive to such
dead locks than weston which uses xcb)
+ Wayland communications are already asynchonous by design.
> + </para>
> + <section id="sect-X11-Application-Support-xwm-window-identification">
> + <title>Window identification</title>
> + <para>
> + In Xwayland, an X11 window may have a corresponding wl_surface
> object
> + in Wayland. The wl_surface object is used for input and output:
> it is
> + referenced by input events and used to provide the X11 window
> content
> + to the Wayland compositor. The X11 window and the wl_surface live
> in
> + different protocol streams, and they need to be matched for XWM
> to do
> + its job.
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + When Xwayland creates a wl_surface on Wayland, it will also send
> an X11
> + ClientMessage of type atom "WL_SURFACE_ID" to the X11 window
> carrying
> + the wl_surface Wayland object ID as the first 32-bit data
> element. This
> + is how XWM can associate a wl_surface with an X11 window. Note
> that
> + the request to create a wl_surface and the ID message may arrive
> in any
> + order in the Wayland compositor.
> + </para>
> + </section>
> + </section>
> +</chapter>
> diff --git a/doc/publican/sources/images/xwayland-architecture.png
> b/doc/publican/sources/images/xwayland-architecture.png
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> zO2oQNUfY>xdz`ZxqO!8*5dzIi8yh9X#dlMC{LIYF=ZkbJ&v3OZQ_cRMje>_$T}Lqs
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> zt_7j;rJ)G%i;Ti7C^U9wWyKbhLb=_A+7R<-Mq7WPHnz^Li_Bh^iT^9j|DPtM{XFL{
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> z9FOOh6xBSyI1SFT@?bQps6?se-OQd~^_-tHFVHB!;c#w?y)G;VJz|*2mH=4}jv$>L
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> z`sJ7V`5LMzB99L<-~NsAjv20*Vb+b$kG1XXd5zgxZUV9Z=6mnpASNcp$<dLmcM0cN
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> znDg!P!fjUK|E0oM=DSQP&z{A#ntZjb_EU>e1d8kH<5Q*QATQrWtzV-^+;3a0nEfLW
> z1Tfv^s-u(q6=g3fCMx<PJo#`P?+7-Q7x30~a==@D-r&ZB03YA_>Z+9gvAdt&iL+vD
> zOT_6?+p`Mb&{Uwb$g0v(0cq(bkU(ZVmG(c@$a?DT>4|D at 2gI6Gf~^ez90?>OqGJa)
> z;e-KU!*v&D=cn9nDHkE{y0A=9mg4t}hrnVMdr~<kS$Z}i-&*x$T-7!l8mLGAeh?$8
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> z3>Lm0`WLq?-ax^5tFop>3&8ErN<)KWmP>o1u$D9 at 0u^)PV0Rb4H>k#i1Ydg>9Iq6X
> zE~zEh7?QU90*E{!0_=w%*EZh?ucX~@5v0bx(&+*3mA^yaaZWj%n$6BW#4xreRjjnC
> z>YIrmd4M~<ar7V#Z4SI$nQQ^TA_qsug`|jx2viiawt;~%7s#qgKjOyo)$@Wf9+YAq
> z)q8ETL*~Jqr0SBa`g(7G$+!m-Zi>H0&e5)(o#BfdyBkxD at ccdC>=FlXIFEdd at o(QA
> z8o%oX<`o!^FW4QR_08o-q(XN8uOQr4bOU+OU)KL4X8qnC#{JfIq{Q$6$6)gW-~~Xc
> zSl6S4o>bt8xsc~aeE~oQ2nh)fZ%U-~uWy=StU$5|hy|xs3ZnJ%S*if)XhFz4u(*i>
> zH8rC32EBcYpLOk8EV8hbeKJz6^Tez~Rvf~&ZdstBSx;PzjErn;xm%>aPciajBq&o2
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> z+;8<-+}Fr^r)8Sx;w5P4G7||nKXXzL{1?&&kv2P~$tLfF79~b62~hoOW5NR7LVGw|
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> zO4GVyW2w(-5d_2#FClRfqYH%p`aa)pqoGe$Y+`I|tiK;(%0<A|X<8n6*xZ+J1iXhI
> zZ}^2*cV1QM{@JF)%Xn?wUt=PWPJ`$B4K<#~HrpL{hvd3L!0lIp#|o+sOXN*{{vZCR
> Bvx)!!
>
> literal 0
> HcmV?d00001
>
> --
> 2.13.0
>
> _______________________________________________
> wayland-devel mailing list
> wayland-devel at lists.freedesktop.org
> https://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/wayland-devel
>
Cheers,
Olivier
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